Gaussian graphical models are used throughout the natural sciences, social sciences, and economics to model the statistical relationships between variables of interest in the form of a graph. We here provide a pedagog...
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Most of the light from blazars, active galactic nuclei with jets of magnetized plasma that point nearly along the line of sight, is produced by high-energy particles, up to ∼ 1 TeV. Although the jets are known to be ...
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This paper pertains to the analysis and design of decentralized estimation schemes that make use of limited communication. Briefly, these schemes equip the sensors with scalar states that iteratively merge the measure...
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This paper pertains to the analysis and design of decentralized estimation schemes that make use of limited communication. Briefly, these schemes equip the sensors with scalar states that iteratively merge the measurements and the state of other sensors to be used for state estimation. Contrarily to commonly used distributed estimation schemes, the only information being exchanged are scalars, there is only one common time-scale for communication and estimation, and the retrieval of the state of the system and sensors is achieved in finite-time. We extend previous work to a more general setup and provide necessary and sufficient conditions required for the communication between the sensors that enable the use of limited communication decentralized estimation schemes. Additionally, we discuss the cases where the sensors are memoryless, and where the sensors might not have the capacity to discern the contributions of other sensors. Based on these conditions and the fact that communication channels incur a cost, we cast the problem of finding the minimum cost communication graph that enables limited communication decentralized estimation schemes as an integer programming problem.
BACKGROUND:COVID-19-related stigmatization refers to COVID-19-related judgements by others that devalue the individual. Such stigmatization towards healthcare workers may cause psychological burden and negative conseq...
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BACKGROUND:COVID-19-related stigmatization refers to COVID-19-related judgements by others that devalue the individual. Such stigmatization towards healthcare workers may cause psychological burden and negative consequences. Such stigmatization may have particularly overwhelmed allied health trainees (AHTs) and post-graduate year doctors (PGYDs) because they just started their medical career. Social support and resource support have been reported to benefit psychological health and reduce stigmatization. Therefore, the present study used a cross-sectional study design to investigate the association between perceived stigma, self-stigma, psychological distress, and negative outcomes (including emotional exhaustion, insomnia and suicidal ideation) among AHTs and PGYDs in Taiwan.
METHODS:An online survey distributed between July and December, 2022 received 522 responses. Variables were assessed using the 21-item Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale, Insomnia Severity Index and a series of self-designed questions to assess social support, resource support, perceived stigma, self-stigma, emotional exhaustion, and suicidal ideation.
RESULTS:Structural equation modeling showed that perceived stigma was associated with self-stigma (standardized coefficient [β] = 0.428, p < 0.001), and self-stigma was associated with psychological distress (β = 0.197, p < 0.001), as well as being associated with emotional exhaustion, insomnia, and suicidal ideation (β = 0.349, 0.556 and 0.212, all p-values < 0.001). While social support and resource support were negatively associated with perceived stigma (β= - 0.175 and - 0.152, p < 0.01), additional associations were found between social support and emotional exhaustion (β= - 0.093, p < 0.001), as well as between resource support and insomnia (β= - 0.120, p < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS:The results showed that COVID-19 related stigmatization was correlated to the detrimental consequences of emotional exhaustion, insomnia and suicidal ideation. Cle
We present a method to generate a frequency-doubled microwave signal by employing a coupling-modulated ring resonator. Critical coupling is achieved when the resonator intrinsic loss is perfectly balanced by the exter...
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We present a method to generate a frequency-doubled microwave signal by employing a coupling-modulated ring resonator. Critical coupling is achieved when the resonator intrinsic loss is perfectly balanced by the external coupling enabled by a Mach–Zehnder interferometer coupler. The high suppression of the carrier leads to a clean two-tone optical signal with the frequency interval two times larger than that of the input microwave *** beating of the two-tone signal at a photodiode generates the frequency upconverted microwave signal.A theoretical model is established to analyze the modulation process and the microwave signal *** results show that the electrical harmonic suppression ratio is around ~20 dB(29 dB) for an input microwave signal with 5 dBm(10 dBm) power.
For both Lévy flight and Lévy walk search processes we analyse the full distribution of first-passage and first-hitting (or first-arrival) times. These are, respectively, the times when the particle moves ac...
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