Objectives: Periodontal disease is a significant public health concern among older adults due to its relationship with tooth loss and systemic health disease. However, there are numerous barriers that prevent older ad...
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Objectives: Periodontal disease is a significant public health concern among older adults due to its relationship with tooth loss and systemic health disease. However, there are numerous barriers that prevent older adults from receiving routine dental care, highlighting the need for innovative screening tools at the community level. This pilot study aimed first, to evaluate the accuracy of GumAI, a new mHealth tool that uses AI and smartphones to detect gingivitis, and the user acceptance of personalized oral hygiene instructions provided through the new tool, among older adults in day-care community centers. Methods: Participants were invited from 3 day-care community centers. Intraoral photographs were captured and assessed by both GumAI (test) and a panel consisting of 2 calibrated periodontists and a dentist (benchmark). Mean sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), accuracy, and F1 score were calculated to determine GumAI's diagnostic performance in comparison to the benchmark. User acceptance with this tool was assessed using 2 Rasch Theory-based 5-point Likert-type questions. Results: 44 participants were recruited out of 80 invited older adults. GumAI demonstrated a sensitivity of 0.93 and specificity of 0.50 compared to the panel‘s assessments, with a PPV of 0.90 and NPV of 0.56. The accuracy and F1 scores were 0.85 and 0.91, respectively. All participants expressed high acceptance of the process. Conclusion: GumAI demonstrates high sensitivity, PPV, accuracy, and F1 score compared to the panel's assessments but falls relatively short in specificity and NPV. Despite this, the tool was highly accepted by older adults, indicating its potential to enhance gingivitis detection and oral hygiene management in community settings. Further refinements are necessary to improve specificity and validate usability measures. Clinical Relevance: This study may pave the way for broader applications of mHealth systems in co
Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) play a pivotal role in addressing some of the most pressing environmental and social challenges across the globe. With the rise of advanced technologies, NGOs have an unprecedente...
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In the pursuit of developing more effective vaccines against viruses like SARS-CoV-2, understanding their potential mutations is crucial. In order to generate protein sequences, this study presents a unique framework ...
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ISBN:
(数字)9798350365269
ISBN:
(纸本)9798350365276
In the pursuit of developing more effective vaccines against viruses like SARS-CoV-2, understanding their potential mutations is crucial. In order to generate protein sequences, this study presents a unique framework that synergistically blends phylogenetic data with Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs). The proposed method combines the strengths of two models: TEMPO, a transformer-based model proficient in leveraging phylogenetic data for mutation detection in SARS-CoV-2, and MutaGAN, a GAN-based model adept in generating synthetic protein sequences. The phylogenetic data from TEMPO is used in this novel design as the input for the MutaGAN generator, replacing the conventional random noise input used in GANs. The generator may now create synthetic protein sequences that are impacted by the evolutionary past included in the phylogenetic data resulting in the creation of artificial protein sequences that are more biologically significant and lifelike. The discriminator portion of the model, similar to MutaGAN, is still in charge of determining whether or not the input sequences comprise a valid parent-child pair and uses sequences produced by the first GAN as extra negative cases. This prevented the model from going too far off its planned route. Additional investigation into this fascinating confluence of bioinformatics and AI may be possible as a result of this study’s conclusions. This approach has tremendous promise in many applications, such as the production of more powerful vaccinations, protein engineering, medication design, and improving our knowledge of biological systems, by forecasting how SARS-CoV-2 could change. A precision of 0.662 and an accuracy of around 0.671, together with a Matthews Correlation Coefficient (MCC) score of 0.313, show that the framework performs very well. These scores show that the framework performs better than a number of cutting-edge baseline techniques. The synthetic protein sequences generated by the framework not only bea
This research introduces an innovative Sign Language to Speech Conversion Model using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to address communication barriers for the people who are deaf and unable to hear properly. The...
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ISBN:
(数字)9798350365269
ISBN:
(纸本)9798350365276
This research introduces an innovative Sign Language to Speech Conversion Model using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to address communication barriers for the people who are deaf and unable to hear properly. The model employs deep learning for the automatic extraction of spatial patterns from sign language images. A diverse sign language dataset is carefully curated, undergoing Pre-processing for improved quality. The CNN architecture, designed for adaptability, captures local and global features, enabling accurate *** the training phase, the model learns to map sign language gestures to spoken language representations. Performance evaluation methods which include accuracy, recall, precision and F1 score, demonstrate the effectiveness of the model. Results underscore the significance for the deaf community. The discussion explores broader implications in education, healthcare, and social interactions, acknowledging limitations and proposing future research *** conclusion, the Sign Language to Speech Conversion Model contributes to sign language recognition, offering an advanced solution for communication barriers and promoting inclusivity in diverse social settings.
Medical image segmentation plays a crucial role in treatment planning, disease diagnosis, and guiding surgical navigation. Research should focus on medical image segmentation to achieve substantial breakthroughs or fi...
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ISBN:
(数字)9798331518394
ISBN:
(纸本)9798331518400
Medical image segmentation plays a crucial role in treatment planning, disease diagnosis, and guiding surgical navigation. Research should focus on medical image segmentation to achieve substantial breakthroughs or fill knowledge gaps that could lead to discoveries and improvements. Deep learning (DL) techniques have recently become necessary in creating advanced models, particularly for medical image segmentation. This paper introduces a novel segmentation algorithm specifically designed for MRI images. Initially, the paper will discuss the introduction and challenges in medical image segmentation. Later, developing a novel attentive feature-based segmentation algorithm is focused and their corresponding evaluation steps are measured. The evaluation metrics are finally compared with other existing segmentation algorithms and concluded that the proposed model surpasses the cutting-edge methods by notable differences in performance, showing the adaptability and overall effectiveness of the proposed model.
Digital watermarking of interactive media content has become an active experimentation field in recent years. In addition to reviewing some of the methods that have been developed for various media types;a general str...
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Temporal difference (TD) learning algorithms with neural network function parameterization have well-established empirical success in many practical large-scale reinforcement learning tasks. However, theoretical under...
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Temporal difference (TD) learning algorithms with neural network function parameterization have well-established empirical success in many practical large-scale reinforcement learning tasks. However, theoretical understanding of these algorithms remains challenging due to the nonlinearity of the action-value approximation. In this paper, we develop an improved non-asymptotic analysis of the neural TD method with a general L-layer neural network. New proof techniques are developed and an improved new Õ(ϵ-1) sample complexity is derived. To our best knowledge, this is the first finite-time analysis of neural TD that achieves an Õ(ϵ-1) complexity under the Markovian sampling, as opposed to the best known Õ(ϵ-2) complexity in the existing literature. Copyright 2024 by the author(s)
Embryogenesis is the most basic process in developmental *** and simply quantifying cell shape is challenging for the complex and dynamic 3D embryonic *** descriptors such as volume,surface area,and mean curvature oft...
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Embryogenesis is the most basic process in developmental *** and simply quantifying cell shape is challenging for the complex and dynamic 3D embryonic *** descriptors such as volume,surface area,and mean curvature often fall short,providing only a global view and lacking in local detail and reconstruction *** this,we introduce an effective integrated method,3D Cell Shape Quantification(3DCSQ),for transforming digitized 3D cell shapes into analytical feature vectors,named eigengrid(proposed grid descriptor like eigen value),eigenharmonic,and *** uniquely combine spherical grids,spherical harmonics,and principal component analysis for cell shape *** demonstrate 3DCSQ’s effectiveness in recognizing cellular morphological phenotypes and clustering *** to Caenorhabditis elegans embryos of 29 living embryos from 4-to 350-cell stages,3DCSQ identifies and quantifies biologically reproducible cellular patterns including distinct skin cell *** also provide automatically cell shape lineaging analysis *** method not only systematizes cell shape description and evaluation but also monitors cell differentiation through shape changes,presenting an advancement in biological imaging and analysis.
Nowadays, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are extensively distributed in environmental monitoring, operational health monitoring, and industrial monitoring. It is an inexpensive application. It contains small, less en...
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