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Classification and study of music genres with multimodal Spectro-Lyrical Embeddings for Music (SLEM)

Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第7期84卷 3701-3721页

作者： Mehra, Ashman Mehra, Aryan Narang, Pratik Department of Computer Science and Information Systems Birla Institute of Technology and Science Goa Pilani India Computer Science Department Carnegie Mellon University PittsburghPA United States Department of Computer Science and Information Systems Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani Rajasthan Pilani India

The essence of music is inherently multi-modal – with audio and lyrics going hand in hand. However, there is very less research done to study the intricacies of the multi-modal nature of music, and its relation with genres. Our work uses this multi-modality to present spectro-lyrical embeddings for music representation (SLEM), leveraging the power of open-sourced, lightweight, and state-of-the-art deep learning vision and language models to encode songs. This work summarises extensive experimentation with over 20 deep learning-based music embeddings of a self-curated and hand-labeled multi-lingual dataset of 226 recent songs spread over 5 genres. Our aim is to study the effects of varying the weight of lyrics and spectrograms in the embeddings on the multi-class genre classification. The purpose of this study is to prove that a simple linear combination of both modalities is better than either modality alone. Our methods achieve an accuracy ranging between 81.08% to 98.60% for different genres, by using the K-nearest neighbors algorithm on the multimodal embeddings. We successfully study the intricacies of genres in this representational space, including their misclassification, visual clustering with EM-GMM, and the domain-specific meaning of the multi-modal weight for each genre with respect to ’instrumentalness’ and ’energy’ metadata. SLEM presents one of the first works on an end-to-end method that uses spectro-lyrical embeddings without hand-engineered features. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Music

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Machine Learning-Based Calibration Approaches for Single-Beam and Multiple-Beam Distance Sensors

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IEEE Sensors Journal 2024年第1期24卷 975-983页

作者： Syu, Jia-Hao Lin, Jerry Chun-Wei Biernacki, Piotr Ziebinski, Adam National Taiwan University Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Taipei10617 Taiwan Silesian University of Technology Faculty of Automatic Control Electronics and Computer Science Department of Distributed Systems and Informatics Devices Gliwice44-100 Poland Silesian University of Technology Department of Distributed Systems and Informatic Devices Gliwice44-100 Poland

Sensors are the foundation to facilitate smart cities, smart grids, and smart transportation, and distance sensors are especially important for sensing the environment and gathering information. Researchers have developed various methods to calibrate distance sensors;however, they mainly focus on using external information for calibration, which is inefficient and computationally expensive. To alleviate the above problems, we propose machine learning (ML)-based calibration approaches for distance sensors. We develop two calibration mechanisms, where the naive mechanism directly predicts the true distance, while the residual mechanism predicts the residual for calibration. The conventional ML regression algorithms are then adopted to predict the true distance or calibration residual. Experimental results show that the designed residual calibration mechanism outperforms the naive mechanism by reducing the root mean square error (RMSE) by 92.2% and mean absolute error (MAE) by 93.3% in the fitting task. In prediction, the proposed 2-D-residual mechanism achieves an improvement of 78.6% and 65.7% compared to the state-of-the-art method. The experimental results show the effectiveness and generalization of the proposed ML-based calibration method, especially for the 2-D mechanism, which achieves the highest robustness in all fitting and prediction tasks. © 2001-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Calibration

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Employing cross-domain modelings for robust object detection in dynamic environment of autonomous vehicles

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2024年 1-47页

作者： Rawlley, Oshin Gupta, Shashank Kathera, Hardik Katyal, Siddharth Batwara, Yashvardhan Department of Computer Science & amp Information Systems Birla Institute of Technology and Science Rajasthan Pilani India

Object detection (OD) in Advanced Driver Assistant systems (ADAS) has been a fundamental problem especially when complex unseen cross-domain adaptations occur in real driving scenarios of autonomous Vehicles (AVs). During the sensory perception of autonomous Vehicles (AV) in the driving environment, the Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) trained on the existing large datasets fail to detect the vehicular instances in the real-world driving scenes having sophisticated dynamics. Recent advances in Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) have been effective in generating different domain adaptations under various operational conditions of AVs, however, it lacks key-object preservation during the image-to-image translation process. Moreover, high translation discrepancy has been observed with many existing GAN frameworks when encountered with large and complex domain shifts such as night, rain, fog, etc. resulting in an increased number of false positives during vehicle detection. Motivated by the above challenges, we propose COPGAN, a cycle-object preserving cross-domain GAN framework that generates diverse variations of cross-domain mappings by translating the driving conditions of AV to a desired target domain while preserving the key objects. We fine-tune the COPGAN training with an initial step of key-feature selection so that we realize the instance-aware image translation model. It introduces a cycle-consistency loss to produce instance specific translated images in various domains. As compared to the baseline models that needed a pixel-level identification for preserving the object features, COPGAN requires instance-level annotations that are easier to acquire. We test the robustness of the object detectors SSD, Detectron, and YOLOv5 (SDY) against the synthetically-generated COPGAN images, along with AdaIN images, stylized renderings, and augmented images. The robustness of COPGAN is measured in mean performance degradation for the distorted test set (at IoU threshold =

关键词： Deep neural networks

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Social Media-Based Surveillance systems for Health Informatics Using Machine and Deep Learning Techniques:A Comprehensive Review and Open Challenges

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computer Modeling in Engineering & sciences 2024年第5期139卷 1167-1202页

作者： Samina Amin Muhammad Ali Zeb Hani Alshahrani Mohammed Hamdi Mohammad Alsulami Asadullah Shaikh Institute of Computing Kohat University of Science and TechnologyKohat26000Pakistan Department of Computer Science College of Computer Science and Information SystemsNajran UniversityNajran61441Saudi Arabia Department of Information System College of Computer Science and Information SystemsNajran UniversityNajran61441Saudi Arabia

Social media(SM)based surveillance systems,combined with machine learning(ML)and deep learning(DL)techniques,have shown potential for early detection of epidemic *** review discusses the current state of SM-based surveillance methods for early epidemic outbreaks and the role of ML and DL in enhancing their ***,every year,a large amount of data related to epidemic outbreaks,particularly Twitter data is generated by *** paper outlines the theme of SM analysis for tracking health-related issues and detecting epidemic outbreaks in SM,along with the ML and DL techniques that have been configured for the detection of epidemic *** has emerged as a promising ML technique that adaptsmultiple layers of representations or features of the data and yields state-of-the-art extrapolation *** recent years,along with the success of ML and DL in many other application domains,both ML and DL are also popularly used in SM *** paper aims to provide an overview of epidemic outbreaks in SM and then outlines a comprehensive analysis of ML and DL approaches and their existing applications in SM ***,this review serves the purpose of offering suggestions,ideas,and proposals,along with highlighting the ongoing challenges in the field of early outbreak detection that still need to be addressed.

关键词： Social media epidemic machine learning deep learning health informatics pandemic

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WifiGO: Assessment of PUV Viability for Opportunistic Coverage Mapping of WiFi Networks

WifiGO: Assessment of PUV Viability for Opportunistic Covera...

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2024 IEEE International Conference on Internet of Things and Intelligence systems, IoTaIS 2024

作者： Pecson, Jeff Nereo G. Tan, Wilson M. Festin, Cedric Angelo M. Dulva, Philip Angelo Y. Networks and Distributed Systems Group Department of Computer Science University of the Philippines - Diliman Metro Manila Philippines

ISBN: (纸本)9798331521219

Current methods in mapping the availability of WiFi networks, such as crowdsourcing platforms (e.g. Project BASS and CoverageMap) and dedicated wardriving, face limitations in terms of data recency, volume, and cost-effectiveness. Due to the downsides of both these methods, opportunistic wardriving is proposed which utilizes public utility vehicles (PUVs). This study investigates the feasibility of PUVs as potential wardriving vehicles for opportunistic coverage mapping. This method is cost-efficient and removes the problem of data recency because of its continuous daily trips. The findings suggest that opportunistic wardriving with PUVs is viable for wardriving with its capability to detect a high volume of access points (APs). Multiple runs within the University of the Philippines Diliman campus showed the PUVs’ effectiveness in detecting a significant number of APs, with higher success rates at closer distances. Comparatively, warwalking detected fewer APs, but there was a significant overlap between the methods. The study also highlighted significant differences in detected AP types, with wardriving finding more mobile hotspots and miscellaneous devices than warwalking. Overall, the results underline the effectiveness of PUVs in providing extensive WiFi coverage data and further enhancements to the detection system could optimize the approach. ©2024 IEEE.

关键词： Wireless local area networks (WLAN)

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Early Detection of Colletotrichum Kahawae Disease in Coffee Cherry Based on computer Vision Techniques

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computer Modeling in Engineering & sciences 2024年第4期139卷 759-782页

作者： Raveena Selvanarayanan Surendran Rajendran Youseef Alotaibi Department of Computer Science and Engineering Saveetha School of EngineeringSaveetha Institute of Medical and Technical ScienceChennai602105India Department of Computer Science College of Computer and Information SystemsUmm Al-Qura UniversityMakkah21955Saudi Arabia

Colletotrichum kahawae(Coffee Berry Disease)spreads through spores that can be carried by wind,rain,and insects affecting coffee plantations,and causes 80%yield losses and poor-quality coffee *** deadly disease is hard to control because wind,rain,and insects carry *** researchers utilized a deep learning system to identify CBD in coffee cherries at three growth stages and classify photographs of infected and uninfected cherries with 93%accuracy using a random forest *** the dataset is too small and noisy,the algorithm may not learn data patterns and generate accurate *** overcome the existing challenge,early detection of Colletotrichum Kahawae disease in coffee cherries requires automated processes,prompt recognition,and accurate *** proposed methodology selects CBD image datasets through four different stages for training and *** to train a model on datasets of coffee berries,with each image labeled as healthy or *** themodel is trained,SHAP algorithmto figure out which features were essential formaking predictions with the proposed *** of these characteristics were the cherry’s colour,whether it had spots or other damage,and how big the Lesions *** inception is important for classification to virtualize the relationship between the colour of the berry is correlated with the presence of *** evaluate themodel’s performance andmitigate excess fitting,a 10-fold cross-validation approach is *** involves partitioning the dataset into ten subsets,training the model on each subset,and evaluating its *** comparison to other contemporary methodologies,the model put forth achieved an accuracy of 98.56%.

关键词： computer vision coffee berry disease colletotrichum kahawae XG boost shapley additive explanations

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Hotspotter: An Incentivized Crowdsensing System for WiFi and Cellular Network Coverage Visualization 29

Hotspotter: An Incentivized Crowdsensing System for WiFi and...

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29th IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Communications, APCC 2024

作者： Ortiz, Sebastian Luis S. Enriquez, Justin Gabriel R. Tan, Wilson M. Festin, Cedric Angelo M. University of the Philippines - Diliman Networks and Distributed Systems Laboratory Department of Computer Science Metro Manila Philippines

ISBN: (纸本)9798331517816

Reliable internet access is a key enabler for economic growth. Although the Philippine government launched initiatives to improve connectivity, connection speeds remained below the global average, especially for mobile networks. This paper presents Hotspotter, a system that aims to aid implementers and stakeholders in quantifying and addressing network coverage issues. Hotspotter is an incentivized crowdsensing system that collects, maps, and visualizes WiFi and cellular data to pinpoint hotspots and dead zones for the effective deployment and relocation of WiFi access points. A mobile application for Android was developed to facilitate data collection on geolocation, nearby WiFi access points, and connected cellular networks. The user interface visualizes the aggregated data in a hexagon-grid map. Fieldwork was conducted in two sitios of Barangay San Lorenzo, Norzagaray, Bulacan to stress-test the Hotspotter system in a Geographically Isolated and Disadvantaged Area (GIDA). It was found that 2G and 4G had the widest coverage and strongest signals overall, with modal signal strengths of 4.0 and 3.0, respectively. Being at the cutting edge, 5G was not yet supported. In the end, the mobile application's passive sensing, collecting, and caching of data successfully operated even in the most isolated areas without an internet connection. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Wireless local area networks (WLAN)

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Data-driven output regulation control for constrained linear systems

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science China(Information sciences) 2025年第3期68卷 338-353页

作者： Chaoyu XIA Yi DONG Chaoli WANG Shengyuan XU Shanghai Research Institute for Intelligent Autonomous Systems Tongji University College of Electronic and Information Engineering Shanghai Research Institute for Intelligent Autonomous SystemsTongji University Department of Control Science and Engineering School of Optical-Electrical and Computer EngineeringUniversity of Shanghai for Science and Technology Department of Automation Nanjing University of Science and Technology

This study introduces a data-driven approach for state and output feedback control addressing the constrained output regulation problem in unknown linear discrete-time systems. Our method ensures effective tracking performance while satisfying the state and input constraints, even when system matrices are not available. We first establish a sufficient condition necessary for the existence of a solution pair to the regulator equation and propose a data-based approach to obtain the feedforward and feedback control gains for state feedback control using linear programming. Furthermore, we design a refined Luenberger observer to accurately estimate the system state, while keeping the estimation error within a predefined set. By combining output regulation theory, we develop an output feedback control strategy. The stability of the closed-loop system is rigorously proved to be asymptotically stable by further leveraging the concept of λ-contractive sets.

关键词： output regulation constrained system data-driven.

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Decision making framework for heterogeneous QoS information: an application to cloud service selection

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Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing 2023年第3期14卷 2915-2934页

作者： Tiwari, Rohit Kumar Kumar, Rakesh Baranwal, Gaurav Buyya, Rajkumar Department of Computer Science and Engineering Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology Gorakhpur273010 India Department of Computer Science BHU Varanasi India Cloud Computing and Distributed Systems Laboratory School of Computing and Information Systems University of Melbourne Melbourne Australia

In recent times, appropriate decision-making in challenging and critical situations has been very well supported by multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) methods. The technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) is the most widely used MCDM method for solving decision problems. However, it restricts decision-makers to use only one type of Quality of Service (QoS) information, and it suffers from the rank reversal problem. Restriction to only one type of QoS makes the decision problems more challenging, as it restricts the decision-makers freedom. Further, the rank reversal problem makes the decision result unreliable. To address these issues of TOPSIS, we have proposed a reliable rank reversal robust modular TOPSIS (RMo-TOPSIS). RMo-TOPSIS allows crisp, interval, fuzzy, intuitionistic and neutrosophic fuzzy QoS metrics. It does not suffer from the rank reversal problem. Cloud computing provides computing services on-demand basis without involving maintenance by its users. The availability of many cloud service providers and their services makes cloud service selection a challenging problem. To validate RMo-TOPSIS, we select the cloud service selection consisting of different types of QoS metrics as an application. Experiments on cloud service selection show consistency and accuracy in results obtained by RMo-TOPSIS and its robustness against rank reversal. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.

关键词： Decision making

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Design of a ML-based trust prediction model using intelligent TrustBoxes in challenged networks

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International Journal of systems, Control and Communications 2024年第3期15卷 209-234页

作者： Barai, Smritikona Kundu, Anindita Bhaumik, Parama Department of Computer Science and Engineering Heritage Institute of Technology Kolkata India Department of Software Systems School of Computer Science and Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology Tamil Nadu India Department of Information Technology Jadavpur University Kolkata India

Challenged networks (CNs) contain resource-constrained nodes deployed in regions where human intervention is difficult. Opportunistic networks (OppNets) are CNs with no predefined source-to-destination paths. Due to their inherent properties, CNs and OppNets are highly susceptible to black-hole (BH) attacks, resulting in degraded packet-delivery ratio. In this work, an ML-based trust prediction model (MLTPM) is proposed to identify potential BH nodes in OppNets. MLTPM uses a novel function to calculate the total-trust-value (TTV) of each node. Intelligent TrustBoxes are introduced in the network to identify possible BH nodes, using TTV, along with five more node-behaviour features. TrustBoxes reduce the computational overhead of the resource-constrained nodes. Three simulated scenarios are compared - no detection, non-ML-based detection, and MLTPM, each using epidemic, prophet, and spray-and-wait routing protocols. MLTPM performs best with spray-and-wait, exhibiting about 25.21% and 80% mean improvement in delivery-ratio and dropped-message numbers respectively, compared to non-ML-based detection. An overall 12.62% improvement in delivery-ratio and 26.7% improvement in dropped messages is observed using MLTPM, compared to the above-mentioned scenarios. © 2024 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

关键词： HTTP

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