Drivers' failure to observe traffic signs, especially the stop signs, has led to many serious traffic accidents. Video-based traffic sign detection is an important component of driver-assistance systems. In earlie...
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Drivers' failure to observe traffic signs, especially the stop signs, has led to many serious traffic accidents. Video-based traffic sign detection is an important component of driver-assistance systems. In earlier systems, simple color and shape-based detection methods have been broadly applied. Recently, feature-based traffic sign detection algorithms are proposed to obtain more accurate results, especially when combined with the previous two. The Speeded Up Robust Features (SURF) algorithm is an outstanding feature detector and descriptor with rotation and illumination invariance. Unfortunately, due to its computational complexity, the application of SURF algorithm remains limited in real-time systems. In this paper, we present a real-time SURF-based traffic sign detection system by exploiting parallelism and rich resources in FPGAs. The proposed hardware design is able to accurately process video streams of 800 × 600 resolution at 60 frame per second.
The random demodulator architecture is a compressive sensing based receiver that allows the reconstruction of frequency-sparse signals from measurements acquired at a rate below the signal's Nyquist rate. This in ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781479900657
The random demodulator architecture is a compressive sensing based receiver that allows the reconstruction of frequency-sparse signals from measurements acquired at a rate below the signal's Nyquist rate. This in turn results in tremendous power savings in receivers because of the direct correlation between the power consumption of analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) in communication receivers and the sampling rate at which these ADCs operate. In this thesis, we propose design techniques for a robust and efficient random demodulator. The resetting mechanism can pose challenges in practical settings that can degrade the performance of the random demodulator. We propose practical approaches to mitigate the effect of resetting and propose resetting schemes that provide robust performance.
The problem of quickly detecting and locating a statistical change point using multiple sensors is considered. Specifically, a statistical change point occurs at a random time and at a random location in the coverage ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781479902460
The problem of quickly detecting and locating a statistical change point using multiple sensors is considered. Specifically, a statistical change point occurs at a random time and at a random location in the coverage region (or the region of interest) of a multi-sensor network. Each sensor node in the network has a limited detection range hence the observations of each sensor would be affected by the change point only if the change point occurs in its vicinity. The region of interest is partitioned by the detection ranges of all the sensors in the network. One is required to detect the presence of the change and to locate the partition of the change based on the sequential observations from all sensor nodes. Three performance metrics, namely the average detection delay, the false alarm probability and the false location probability, are of interest. The goal is to find a stopping time τ, at which the decision maker stops taking more observations and claims the change has occurred, and a terminal decision rule δ, by which the decision maker locates the partition that the change occurs at, to minimize a weighted sum of these three performance metrics. We obtain the optimal solution by first converting the proposed problem to a Markovian stopping time problem and then solving the problem using the tools from the optimal stopping theory.
In this paper we propose a reconfigurable receiver that utilizes random demodulation, a compressive sensing architecture for efficient signal projection on a sensing signal. In the proposed system, the sensing signal ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781467355360
In this paper we propose a reconfigurable receiver that utilizes random demodulation, a compressive sensing architecture for efficient signal projection on a sensing signal. In the proposed system, the sensing signal is designed to annihilate the contribution of undesired frequency components in the collected measurements, thus allowing for the recovery of selected signal bands. The acquisition rate is proportional to the desired signal bandwidth rather than the total bandwidth of the input signal.
Memristors-based memories utilize the memristor's resistance programmability and small structure to realize high density non-volatile memories. This programmability arises from the dependence of the memristor'...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781467357609
Memristors-based memories utilize the memristor's resistance programmability and small structure to realize high density non-volatile memories. This programmability arises from the dependence of the memristor's resistance on the magnetic flux and total charge, rather than the voltage and current passing through it. However, a critical requirement in memory applications is that the reading scheme should preserve the memristor state after the read. In this paper, we propose a robust reading scheme for memristor-based memories that uses a differential pair sensing amplifier.
This work aims to formulate a procedure to establish a graded trust system within autonomous vehicular networks. A trust management system in VANETs typically falls into one of two categories: centralized or distribut...
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This work aims to formulate a procedure to establish a graded trust system within autonomous vehicular networks. A trust management system in VANETs typically falls into one of two categories: centralized or distributed. Our solution is a hybrid system which merges the two canonical designs of a centralized and distributed structure that utilizes to capabilities of both systems. In this paper we provide the design of a trust system that takes into account both central and local evaluations to establish trust. In order to validate the trust system we design a simulation model in MATLAB that captures the interaction between different vehicles and between the vehicles and the Central Authority. The simulations show a high decision performance for the trust management system and validate the proposed scheme as a coherent grading system.
In this paper, we analyze the impact of radio frequency (RF) front-end component impairments on spectrally agile multicarrier waveform transmission, and explain how these impairments can be compensated for on the digi...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781479923915
In this paper, we analyze the impact of radio frequency (RF) front-end component impairments on spectrally agile multicarrier waveform transmission, and explain how these impairments can be compensated for on the digital side via preprocessing baseband modules. Although there has been a substantial amount of research conducted on digital signal processing techniques and RF front-end design, to the best of the authors' knowledge, there has not been extensive research on PHY abstraction methodology that takes into consideration RF front-end impairment compensation for more realistic performance prediction of spectrally agile transceivers. Our goal is to show how it is both necessary and beneficial to model RF front-end impairment predistortion in PHY abstraction in order to predict instantaneous link performance for wireless communication systems in Dynamic Spectrum Access (DSA) networks. RF front-end impairments, such as nonlinearities caused by power amplifiers (PA), are investigated and digital predistortion (PD) approaches are proposed to compensate for these impairments. Simulation results show that baseband implementation of digital PD can effectively alleviate these distortions.
Implementing electric energy storage in distribution networks requires that the input and output of the storage units be controlled in a manner to achieve maximum economic benefit. This paper outlines an algorithm tha...
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Implementing electric energy storage in distribution networks requires that the input and output of the storage units be controlled in a manner to achieve maximum economic benefit. This paper outlines an algorithm that ensures that the battery operate near or at its highest economic potential given predictions of Locational Marginal Pricing (LMP) and the time profile of demand. This is accomplished by using the application of the dynamic programming algorithm. This algorithm is increasingly accurate with complexity and is best coupled with computer simulation.
This paper reports simulated results that detail the effects of the parameters that control the charge/discharge operation of a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) located on a distribution feeder. The following BESS...
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This paper reports simulated results that detail the effects of the parameters that control the charge/discharge operation of a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) located on a distribution feeder. The following BESS parameters were evaluated: energy capacity, maximum discharge current, and “round-trip” efficiency. Also, the following system parameters were studied: marginal cost (MC) of electric energy, and the 24 hour load profile of the feeder. The BESS performance was quantified as a function of the differential cost of energy (DCE) representing the difference between the cost of energy purchased to charge the BESS and the cost of energy delivered, (sold). The obtained results prove that the use of BESS can be beneficial, yielding significant savings, if the battery size is sufficiently large and the battery efficiency is high enough.
Running is a popular physical activity that improves physical and mental well being. Unfortunately, up-to-date information about runners' performance and psychological well being is limited. Many questions remain ...
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Running is a popular physical activity that improves physical and mental well being. Unfortunately, up-to-date information about runners' performance and psychological well being is limited. Many questions remain unanswered, such as how far and how fast runners typically run, their preferred running times and frequencies, how long new runners persist before dropping out, and what factors cause runners to quit. Without hard data, establishing patterns of runner behavior and mitigating challenges they face are difficult. Collecting data manually from large numbers of runners for research studies is costly and time consuming. Emerging Social Networking Services (SNS) and fitness tracking devices make tracking and sharing personal physical activity information easier than before. By monitoring the tweets of a runner group on Twitter (SNS) over a 3-month period, we collected 929,825 messages (tweets), in which runners used Nike+ fitness trackers while running. We found that (1) fitness trackers were most popular in North America (2) one third of runners dropped out after one run (3) Over 95% of runners ran for at least 10 minutes per session (4) less than 2% of runners consistently ran for at least 150 minutes a week, which is the level of physical activity recommended by the CDC (5) 5K was the most popular distance.
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