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IEEE MIT Undergraduate Research Technology Conference (URTC)

作者： Duncan Soiffer Tuomas Pyorre David Kenney Andrew Teixeira Department of Computer Science and Mathematical Sciences Worcester Polytechnic Institute Worcester MA United States Department of Robotics Engineering Worcester Polytechnic Institute Worcester MA United States Department of Chemical Engineering Worcester Polytechnic Institute Worcester MA United States

ISBN: (数字)9798350309652

ISBN: (纸本)9798350309669

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a group of chemicals used for their impressive stability, a property which has also led them to be found polluting virtually every sector of the environment-including our own bodies. Presently, our ability to destroy PFAS is limited largely to incineration, whose products and side effects are poorly understood. Research on PFAS incineration is constrained by high experimental costs and difficulty in accurately measuring reaction products. This presents an opportunity for computer simulation and machine learning to provide valuable assistance. In this study, three kinds of thermal PFAS decomposition are simulated. Further, to broaden physical understanding of PFAS incineration products, a recent in-house machine learning model for predicting the octanol-water partition coefficient (LogP) of chemicals is improved and applied to simulation results. A decrease in LogP is observed in all treatments, with the most dramatic effect (-2 average LogP) observed in oxidative pyrolysis.

关键词： Costs Incineration computer simulation Thermal decomposition Machine learning Predictive models Stability analysis

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MGSER-SAM: Memory-Guided Soft Experience Replay with Sharpness-Aware Optimization for Enhanced Continual Learning

MGSER-SAM: Memory-Guided Soft Experience Replay with Sharpne...

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International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)

作者： Xingyu Li Bo Tang Department of Computer Science Tulane University New Orleans United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Worcester Polytechnic Institute Worcester United States

ISBN: (数字)9798350359312

ISBN: (纸本)9798350359329

Deep neural networks suffer from the catastrophic forgetting problem in the field of continual learning (CL). To address this challenge, we propose MGSER-SAM, a novel memory replay-based algorithm specifically engineered to enhance the generalization capabilities of CL models. We first intergrate the SAM optimizer, a component designed for optimizing flatness, which seamlessly fits into well-known Experience Replay frameworks such as ER and DER++. Then, MGSER-SAM distinctively addresses the complex challenge of reconciling conflicts in weight perturbation directions between ongoing tasks and previously stored memories, which is underexplored in the SAM optimizer. This is effectively accomplished by the strategic integration of soft logits and the alignment of memory gradient directions, where the regularization terms facilitate the concurrent minimization of various training loss terms integral to the CL process. Through rigorous experimental analysis conducted across multiple benchmarks, MGSER-SAM has demonstrated a consistent ability to outperform existing baselines in all three CL scenarios. Comparing to the representative memory replay-based baselines ER and DER++, MGSER-SAM not only improves the testing accuracy by 24.4% and 17.6% respectively, but also achieves the lowest forgetting on each benchmark.

关键词： Continuing education Training Accuracy Perturbation methods Buildings Artificial neural networks Benchmark testing

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MGSER-SAM: Memory-Guided Soft Experience Replay with Sharpness-Aware Optimization for Enhanced Continual Learning

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Li, Xingyu Tang, Bo Department of Computer Science Tulane University New Orleans United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Worcester Polytechnic Institute Worcester United States

关键词： Image classification

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Counterfeit Chip Detection using Scattering Parameter Analysis

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Safa, Maryam Saadat Mosavirik, Tahoura Tajik, Shahin Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Worcester Polytechnic Institute WorcesterMA United States

The increase in the number of counterfeit and recycled microelectronic chips in recent years has created significant security and safety concerns in various applications. Hence, detecting such counterfeit chips in electronic systems is critical before deployment in the field. Unfortunately, the conventional verification tools using physical inspection and side-channel methods are costly, unscalable, error-prone, and often incompatible with legacy systems. This paper introduces a generic non-invasive and low-cost counterfeit chip detection based on characterizing the impedance of the system's power delivery network (PDN). Our method relies on the fact that the impedance of the counterfeit and recycled chips differs from the genuine ones. To sense such impedance variations confidently, we deploy scattering parameters, frequently used for impedance characterization of RF/microwave circuits. Our proposed approach can directly be applied to soldered chips on the system's PCB and does not require any modifications on the legacy systems. To validate our claims, we perform extensive measurements on genuine and aged samples from two families of STMicroelectronics chips to assess the effectiveness of the proposed approach. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Scattering parameters

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Digitally Controllable ASIC for Tri-Color Wireless Photometry

Digitally Controllable ASIC for Tri-Color Wireless Photometr...

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2022 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference, BioCAS 2022

作者： Kirschner, Ravi Marangalou, Amin Hazrati Tsuno, Yusuke Guler, Ulkuhan Worcester Polytechnic Institute Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering WorcesterMA01609 United States Kanazawa University Department of Integrative Neurophysiology Ishikawa920-8640 Japan

ISBN: (数字)9781665469173

ISBN: (纸本)9781665469173

Simultaneously measuring several neurotransmitters will allow researchers to determine how these neurotransmitters influence each other before and during the development of neurological conditions. An example would be the monitoring of acetylcholine - a neurotransmitter that creates the cholinergic pathways responsible for cognitive health - and internal calcium concentration. In this work, we propose a tri-color wireless photometry application specific integrated circuit to measure multiple neurotransmitters simultaneously. The proposed optical excitation channel is fully time-multiplexed and can provide an excitation pulse of between 100 uA and 4 mA with a nominal pulse length of 6.66 Hz, whereas the proposed optical recorder is a fully-differential chopping integrator with three separate channels designed for a 250 μs integration window with a 10 nA current input as well as 2.21 pARMS of input-referred noise integrated from 0.5 Hz to 10 kHz. The presented design is simulated in TSMC 180 nm standard CMOS technology. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Application specific integrated circuits

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Hands-On Learning: Teaching Parallel and Distributed Computing through Unplugged Activities in Undergraduate CS Courses

Hands-On Learning: Teaching Parallel and Distributed Computi...

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2024 Workshops of the International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis, SC Workshops 2024

作者： Dasgupta, Anurag Margapuri, Venkat Shamoun, Simon Taneja, Shubbhi Toups, Matthew Valdosta State University Computer Science and Engineering Technology ValdostaGA31698 United States Villanova University Department of Computing Sciences VillanovaPA19085 United States Hofstra University Department of Computer Science HempsteadNY11549 United States Worcester Polytechnic Institute Department of Computer Science WorcesterMA01609 United States Tulane University Computer Science Department New OrleansLA70118 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798350355543

The authors present and evaluate an unplugged activity to introduce parallel computing concepts to undergraduate students. Students in five CS classrooms used a deck of playing cards in small groups to consider how parallelization can improve performance and how improvement decreases with increased parallelization. Before and after the activity, students took a short survey about their solution and their ideas about parallelism. The authors carried out this activity in seven courses at five institutions in the 2023-2024 academic year. The results showed that students had an increased appreciation for parallelization and this type of activity. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： computer science CS CS education hands-on learning parallel distributed computing unplugged

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Liver Necrotic Mapping Using Diffusing Illumination Photoacoustic Imaging

Liver Necrotic Mapping Using Diffusing Illumination Photoaco...

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Photons Plus Ultrasound: Imaging and Sensing 2025

作者： Gao, Shang Hua, Yanbo Bhagavatula, Sharath K. Liu, Guigen Jonas, Oliver Zhang, Haichong K. Department of Robotics Engineering Worcester Polytechnic Institute MA United States Department of Biomedical Engineering Worcester Polytechnic Institute MA United States Department of Computer Science Worcester Polytechnic Institute MA United States Department of Radiology Brigham and Women’s Hospital Harvard Medical School MA United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781510683860

Liver cancer treatments often face challenges, particularly when tumors are considered surgically unresectable. Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) offers a minimally invasive alternative but can have higher recurrence rates due to incomplete ablations. Standard non-contrast ultrasound imaging cannot distinguish ablation-induced necrosis, limiting ability to monitor treatment and ensure complete tumor coverage during the ablation procedure. Photoacoustic (PA) imaging, which uses light to generate ultrasound signals, has shown promise in distinguishing between ablated and normal tissues through spectroscopic PA (sPA) imaging. However, conventional light delivery methods are unsuitable for minimally invasive procedures due to bulky fiber bundles. Optical fibers, though suitable for less invasive insertion, have limited illumination volume because of the confined light delivery only at the fiber tip. This study introduces a diffusing fiber approach for effective light delivery within the liver, enhancing the PA excitation area compared to conventional tip illumination. The diffusing fiber was tested in both phantom and ex vivo liver tissue studies. Results demonstrated that the diffusing fiber provided a wider PA excitation area and more homogeneous illumination. In an ex vivo porcine liver, the diffusing fiber accurately mapped the ablated region with minimal deviation from gross pathological measurements. Our findings suggest that this diffusing fiber approach could significantly improve the accuracy of PA imaging for liver ablation, potentially reducing recurrence rates by ensuring complete tumor ablation and minimizing complications by enabling real time monitoring. This innovation paves the way for more reliable and effective minimally invasive treatments for liver cancer. © 2025 SPIE.

关键词： Photoacoustic microscopy

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SPRED: Spatially Distributed Laser Fault Injection Resilient Design

SPRED: Spatially Distributed Laser Fault Injection Resilient...

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IEEE International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design

作者： Tasnuva Farheen Shahin Tajik Domenic Forte Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Florida Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Worcester Polytechnic Institute

Computing systems’ hardware implementation is vulnerable to physical attacks. One of the most powerful tools in the arsenal of physical attacks is laser fault injection (LFI), which can successfully compromise an embedded cryptographic implementation even with a single fault. Several countermeasures have been proposed to prevent and detect LFI attacks. However, these schemes cannot protect a multi-spot laser fault injection setup alone. Vulnerabilities can be addressed in such circumstances using a multi-layer or defense-in-depth approach. Defense-in-depth refers to implementing several independent countermeasures within a device to provide aggregated protection against various attack vectors. In this paper, we introduce a multi-layer countermeasure where the proposed approach protects an LFI attack detector against multi-spot LFI attacks. We design and simulate a spatially distributed multi-gate driven design, called SPRED, to prevent single and multi-spot LFI attacks. Simulation results show that the distribution of gates in SPRED forces an attacker to use higher laser power and a thinner wafer to inject a fault.

关键词： Laser theory Semiconductor lasers Simulation Power lasers Detectors Logic gates Hardware

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Protection Against Physical Attacks Through Self-Destructive Polymorphic Latch

Protection Against Physical Attacks Through Self-Destructive...

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IEEE International Conference on computer-Aided Design

作者： Andrew Cannon Tasnuva Farheen Sourav Roy Shahin Tajik Domenic Forte Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Florida Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Worcester Polytechnic Institute

On-chip assets, such as cryptographic keys, intermediate cipher computations, obfuscation keys, and hardware security primitive outputs, are usually stored in volatile memories, e.g., registers and SRAMs. Such volatile memories could be read out using active physical attacks, such laser-assisted side-channels. One way to protect assets stored in volatile memories can be the employment of sensors that detect active physical attacks and trigger complete zeroization of sensitive data. However, hundreds or thousands of clock cycles are often needed to accomplish this. Further, the sensing and self-destruction mechanisms are decoupled from the sensitive circuitry and can be disabled separately by an adversary. Moreover, defensive actions (e.g., zeroization) may be disabled by bringing the CPU/SoC into an inoperable condition, while registers may still hold their data, making them susceptible. This paper proposes a self-destructive latch to protect sensitive data from active side-channel attacks, which require supply voltage manipulations. Our proposed latch senses supply voltage interference required during such attacks, and reacts instantaneously by entering a forbidden data state, erasing its stored data. The design uses a NULL convention logic (NCL)-based polymorphic NOR/NAND gate, which changes its functionality with supply voltage. Our results show that the latch is stable across temperature and process variation reacting to attacks with 91% confidence. Even for the 9% where data is not destroyed, in 3.33 % of cases data flips its state which makes reliable extraction difficult for an attacker. The polymorphic latch is straightforward to implement due to its NCL implementation and the voltage for the self-destructive behavior is easily altered by resizing only two transistors. Further, this self-destructive behavior extends to registers which are built out of latches.

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Polymorphic Sensor to Detect Laser Logic State Imaging Attack

Polymorphic Sensor to Detect Laser Logic State Imaging Attac...

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IEEE International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design

作者： Sourav Roy Shahin Tajik Domenic Forte Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Florida Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Worcester Polytechnic Institute

Laser Logic State Imaging (LLSI) is a failure analysis (FA) technique which is conducted from the chip backside. LLSI provides an unlimited number of contactless probes to observe static signals, such as security critical assets, which in the hand of an attacker poses a significant threat. Countermeasures that have been proposed so far to prevent backside optical attacks have limitations, such as additional fabrication steps, large area overhead, incompatibility with digital circuits, which makes their implementation challenging. In this paper, we propose all-digital polymorphic gate sensors for the first time in hardware security to detect LLSI attacks. Polymorphic gates change their behavior depending on environmental conditions, e.g., variations in supply voltage and temperature. Freezing the system clock and modulation of supply voltage are the main requirements of mounting an LLSI attack. With these two attack requirements in mind, we design and simulate a polymorphic gate-based sensor that behaves as a NOR gate when there is no supply voltage modulation and switches behavior between NAND gate and NOR gate in the presence of modulation. The sensor is able to detect LLSI attacks 100% of the time at room temperature even considering manufacturing variation and with a detection rate of more than98% for a temperature range of 0°C to 85°C.

关键词： Temperature sensors Temperature distribution Temperature dependence Optical switches Lasers Modulation Voltage

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