Grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems are crucial to modern renewable energy strategies, but various types of faults can significantly impact their performance. Understanding the behavior of these faults is essenti...
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This paper presents an allowable-tolerance-based group search optimization(AT-GSO),which combines the robust GSO(R-GSO)and the external quality design planning of the Taguchi ***-GSO algorithm is used to optimize the ...
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This paper presents an allowable-tolerance-based group search optimization(AT-GSO),which combines the robust GSO(R-GSO)and the external quality design planning of the Taguchi ***-GSO algorithm is used to optimize the heat transfer area of the heat exchanger *** R-GSO algorithm integrates the GSO algorithm with the Taguchi method,utilizing the Taguchi method to determine the optimal producer in each iteration of the GSO algorithm to strengthen the robustness of the search process and the ability to find the global *** conventional parameter design optimization,it is typically assumed that the designed parameters can be applied accurately and consistently throughout ***,for systems that are sensitive to changes in design parameters,even minor inaccuracies can substantially reduce overall system ***,the permissible variations of the design parameters are considered in the tolerance-optimized design to ensure the robustness of the *** optimized design of the heat exchanger system assumes that the system’s operating temperature parameters are ***,fixing the systemoperating temperature parameters at a constant value is *** paper assumes that the system operating temperature parameters have an uncertainty error when optimizing the heat transfer area of the heat exchanger *** results show that the AT-GSO algorithm optimizes the heat exchanger system and finds the optimal operating temperature in the absence of tolerance and under three tolerance conditions.
This paper considers the problem of controlling distributed energy resources (DERs) in a distribution network (DN);the paper focuses on the voltage regulation task and on the concept of virtual power plant (VPP). For ...
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Efficiently serving large language models (LLMs) requires batching many requests together to reduce the cost per request. Yet, the key-value (KV) cache, which stores attention keys and values to avoid re-computations,...
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Efficiently serving large language models (LLMs) requires batching many requests together to reduce the cost per request. Yet, the key-value (KV) cache, which stores attention keys and values to avoid re-computations, significantly increases memory demands and becomes the new bottleneck in speed and memory usage. This memory demand increases with larger batch sizes and longer context lengths. Additionally, the inference speed is limited by the size of KV cache, as the GPU's SRAM must load the entire KV cache from the main GPU memory for each token generated, causing the computational core to be idle during this process. A straightforward and effective solution to reduce KV cache size is quantization, which decreases the total bytes taken by KV cache. However, there is a lack of in-depth studies that explore the element distribution of KV cache to understand the hardness and limitation of KV cache quantization. To fill the gap, we conducted a comprehensive study on the element distribution in KV cache of popular LLMs. Our findings indicate that the key cache should be quantized per-channel, i.e., group elements along the channel dimension and quantize them together. In contrast, the value cache should be quantized per-token. From this analysis, we developed a tuning-free 2bit KV cache quantization algorithm, named KIVI. With the hardware-friendly implementation, KIVI can enable Llama (Llama-2), Falcon, and Mistral models to maintain almost the same quality while using 2.6× less peak memory usage (including the model weight). This reduction in memory usage enables up to 4× larger batch size, bringing 2.35× ∼ 3.47× throughput on real LLM inference workload. The source code is available at https://***/jy-yuan/KIVI. Copyright 2024 by the author(s)
With the rise of internet facilities,a greater number of people have started doing online transactions at an exponential rate in recent years as the online transaction system has eliminated the need of going to the ba...
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With the rise of internet facilities,a greater number of people have started doing online transactions at an exponential rate in recent years as the online transaction system has eliminated the need of going to the bank physically for every ***,the fraud cases have also increased causing the loss of money to the ***,an effective fraud detection system is the need of the hour which can detect fraudulent transactions automatically in ***,the genuine transactions are large in number than the fraudulent transactions which leads to the class imbalance *** this research work,an online transaction fraud detection system using deep learning has been proposed which can handle class imbalance problem by applying algorithm-level methods which modify the learning of the model to focus more on the minority class i.e.,fraud transactions.A novel loss function named Weighted Hard-Reduced Focal Loss(WH-RFL)has been proposed which has achieved maximum fraud detection rate i.e.,True PositiveRate(TPR)at the cost of misclassification of few genuine transactions as high TPR is preferred over a high True Negative Rate(TNR)in fraud detection system and same has been demonstrated using three publicly available imbalanced transactional ***,Thresholding has been applied to optimize the decision threshold using cross-validation to detect maximum number of frauds and it has been demonstrated by the experimental results that the selection of the right thresholding method with deep learning yields better results.
This paper implements a dynamic goalkeeper defense policy based on Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) for a soccer robot. This study proposed a multi-directional training approach to enable soccer goalkeepers to learn ...
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In the era of big data, traditional data trading methods designed for one-time queries on static databases fail to meet the demands of continuous query-based trading on streaming data, often resulting in repeated and ...
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Sensors based Human Activity Recognition(HAR)have numerous applications in eHeath,sports,fitness assessments,ambient assisted living(AAL),human-computer interaction and many *** human physical activity can be monitore...
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Sensors based Human Activity Recognition(HAR)have numerous applications in eHeath,sports,fitness assessments,ambient assisted living(AAL),human-computer interaction and many *** human physical activity can be monitored by using wearable sensors or external *** usage of external devices has disadvantages in terms of cost,hardware installation,storage,computational time and lighting conditions ***,most of the researchers used smart devices like smart phones,smart bands and watches which contain various sensors like accelerometer,gyroscope,GPS etc.,and adequate processing *** the task of recognition,human activities can be broadly categorized as basic and complex human *** of complex activities have received very less attention of researchers due to difficulty of problem by using either smart phones or smart *** reasons include lack of sensor-based labeled dataset having several complex human daily life *** of the researchers have worked on the smart phone’s inertial sensors to perform human activity recognition,whereas a few of them used both pocket and wrist *** this research,we have proposed a novel framework which is capable to recognize both basic and complex human activities using builtin-sensors of smart phone and smart *** have considered 25 physical activities,including 20 complex ones,using smart device’s built-in *** the best of our knowledge,the existing literature consider only up to 15 activities of daily life.
A critical component of video surveillance research and real-world applications is the detection of anomalous events. In order to improve public safety, more and more surveillance cameras are being installed in public...
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Image denoising,one of the essential inverse problems,targets to remove noise/artifacts from input *** general,digital image denoising algorithms,executed on computers,present latency due to several iterations impleme...
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Image denoising,one of the essential inverse problems,targets to remove noise/artifacts from input *** general,digital image denoising algorithms,executed on computers,present latency due to several iterations implemented in,e.g.,graphics processing units(GPUs).While deep learning-enabled methods can operate non-iteratively,they also introduce latency and impose a significant computational burden,leading to increased power ***,we introduce an analog diffractive image denoiser to all-optically and non-iteratively clean various forms of noise and artifacts from input images–implemented at the speed of light propagation within a thin diffractive visual processor that axially spans<250×λ,whereλis the wavelength of *** all-optical image denoiser comprises passive transmissive layers optimized using deep learning to physically scatter the optical modes that represent various noise features,causing them to miss the output image Field-of-View(FoV)while retaining the object features of *** results show that these diffractive denoisers can efficiently remove salt and pepper noise and image rendering-related spatial artifacts from input phase or intensity images while achieving an output power efficiency of~30–40%.We experimentally demonstrated the effectiveness of this analog denoiser architecture using a 3D-printed diffractive visual processor operating at the terahertz *** to their speed,power-efficiency,and minimal computational overhead,all-optical diffractive denoisers can be transformative for various image display and projection systems,including,e.g.,holographic displays.
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