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Physical Layer Security in AmBC-NOMA Networks with Random Eavesdroppers

IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年第12期12卷 18628-18642页

作者： Pei, Xinyue Wang, Xingwei Huang, Min Chen, Yingyang Li, Xiaofan Tsiftsis, Theodoros A. Northeastern University School of Computer Science and Engineering Shenyang110819 China Northeastern University College of Information Science and Engineering Shenyang110819 China Jinan University College of Information Science and Technology Guangzhou510632 China Jinan University School of Intelligent Systems Science and Engineering Zhuhai519070 China University of Thessaly Department of Informatics Telecommunications Lamia35100 Greece University of Nottingham Ningbo China Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Ningbo315100 China

In this work, we investigate the physical layer security (PLS) of ambient backscatter communication non-orthogonal multiple access (AmBC-NOMA) networks where non-colluding eavesdroppers (Eves) are randomly distributed. In the proposed system, a base station (BS) transmits a superimposed signal to a typical NOMA user pair, while a backscatter device (BD) simultaneously transmits its unique signal by reflecting and modulating the BS’s signal. Meanwhile, Eves passively attempt to wiretap the ongoing transmissions. Notably, the number and locations of Eves are unknown, posing a substantial security threat to the system. To address this challenge, the BS injects artificial noise (AN) to mislead the Eves, and a protected zone is employed to create an Eve-exclusion area around the BS. Theoretical expressions for outage probability (OP) and intercept probability (IP) are provided to evaluate the system’s reliability-security trade-off. Asymptotic behavior at high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is further explored, including the derivation of diversity orders for the OP. Numerical results validate the analytical findings through extensive simulations, demonstrating that both the AN injection and protected zone can effectively enhance PLS. Furthermore, analysis and insights of different key parameters, including transmit SNR, reflection efficiency at the BD, power allocation coefficient, power fraction allocated to desired signal, Eve-exclusion area radius, Eve distribution density, and backscattered AN cancellation efficiency, on OP and IP are also provided. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： Signal to noise ratio

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An Architectural Extension for Digital Twin Platforms to Leverage Behavioral ModelsBehaviors 19

An Architectural Extension for Digital Twin Platforms to Lev...

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19th IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and engineering, CASE 2023

作者： Lehner, Daniel Gil, Santiago Mikkelsen, Peter H. Larsen, Peter G. Wimmer, Manuel CDL-MINT Institute of Business Informatics - Software Engineering Johannes Kepler University Linz Austria Aarhus University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Finlandsgade 22 Aarhus8200 Denmark

ISBN: (纸本)9798350320695

To reduce the work effort for developing and managing Digital Twin (DT)-based services, so-called DT platforms have emerged recently. These DT platforms make it easier to collect, store, and manage data from physical devices, but often they do not provide means for running behavioral models or synchronizing these with runtime data from the physical devices. These aspects are however crucial for developing many DT-based services. As a result, the implementation of a DT that uses behavioral models still requires a lot of implementation effort, which hinders the adoption of DTs for many applications, in particular for small and medium-sized enterprises that often do not have the resources to implement such complex systems. In this paper, we propose an extension to existing DT platforms that simplifies the incorporation of behavioral models. We base this extended platform on requirements derived from two particular use case examples that require behavioral modeling to run their DT services. We discuss the interfaces offered by the extended DT platform, demonstrate its applicability and evaluate the implementation and adaptation effort of our proposed solution in comparison to a baseline implementation. Based on the case studies, the evaluation shows that the extended DT platform reduces the implementation effort by 56% and the effort for adapting DT services across DTs by 39%, compared to existing DT platforms. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Behavioral research

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Towards an Automatic Extracting UML Class Diagram from System's Textual Specification 24

Towards an Automatic Extracting UML Class Diagram from Syste...

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7th International Conference on Networking, Intelligent Systems and Security, NISS 2024

作者： Babaalla, Zakaria Jakimi, Abdeslam Oualla, Mohamed Saadane, Rachid Chehri, Abdellah GL-ISI Team Department of Informatics Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Errachidia Morocco Electrical Engineering Department Hassania School of Public Works Casablanca Morocco Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Royal Military College of Canada Kingston Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9798400709296

Developing a software system from natural language requirements is a complex and delicate task that requires a high level of design and programming expertise. Increasing the level of abstraction used to describe these requirements is the most natural solution. Model-Driven engineering (MDE) also takes this route, using abstract models as primary entities to generate source code automatically or semi-automatically. Among these models, the UML class diagram occupies a privileged place in object-oriented systems because it not only serves as a basis for communication between developers but also provides a closely aligned static representation of the system implementation. However, creating a UML class diagram from a textual system specification poses a significant challenge due to the inherent imprecision and ambiguity commonly found in natural language expressions. In this paper, we propose a model-centric approach based on deep learning for the automatic extraction of UML class diagrams from textual requirements. © 2024 ACM.

关键词： Object oriented programming

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Random Load Balancing in Mini-NDN Using Modified Inherent Topology 9

Random Load Balancing in Mini-NDN Using Modified Inherent To...

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9th International Conference on Wireless and Telematics, ICWT 2023

作者： Pratama, Cendika Sahid Arrachman, Muhammad Iqbal Nurrasyid, Muhammad Shafly Zaki Hamidi, Eki Ahmad Negara, Ridha Muldina Ahdan, Syaiful Mayasari, Ratna Syambas, Nana Rachmana School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Bandung Institute of Technology Bandung Indonesia Uin Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung Electrical Engineering Department Bandung Indonesia School of Electrical Engineering Telkom University Bandung Indonesia Universitas Teknokrat Indonesia Faculty of Engineering & Computer Science Lampung35132 Indonesia

ISBN: (纸本)9798350305029

Named Data Networking (NDN) is a newly developing networking method that focuses on information, compared to TCP/IP, which focuses on hosts. This study proposed a solution to the growing complexity of computer networks. The fundamental problem will still be able to be found, one of them being difficulty in accessing a node as data traffic is piling up. One of the solutions is load balancing, which is implementing a system that will redirect packets to different service providers to ease up the load and reduce the number of packets that are dropped due to timeouts. This paper analyses the impact of load balancing in an extreme case emulated environment using Mini-NDN and random load balancing strategy. From the results gathered, implementing random load balancing to the consumer nodes decreases-and in some cases eliminates-dropped packets. In addition, implementing load balancing stabilizes packets' RTT (Round Trip Time) but increases the average RTT compared to using best route forwarding in an unloaded environment. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Topology

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Insect Identification in Pulsed Lidar Images Using Changepoint Detection Algorithms

Insect Identification in Pulsed Lidar Images Using Changepoi...

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2023 Annual Intermountain engineering, Technology and Computing, IETC 2023

作者： Sweeney, Nathaniel Xu, Caroline Shaw, Joseph A. Hocking, Toby D. Whitaker, Bradley M. Montana State University Electrical and Computer Engineering Department United States University of Michigan Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department United States Montana State University Optical Technology Center United States School of Informatics Computing and Cyber Systems Northern Arizona University United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798350335903

Noninvasive entomological insect monitoring often utilizes a variety of tools such as LiDAR to gather information without interfering with the insects in their habitat. These collection methods often result in large amounts of data that can be te-dious and lengthy to interpret and analyze. Machine learning has been previously used in the past in order to analyze Li-DAR images to detect insects, but often suffers from pitfalls such as long training times and large computational power requirements. In an attempt to offer an alternative that takes little to no training on the data and much less computational power, this paper looks at the use of changepoint detection algorithms to analyze LiDAR images containing insects. By analyzing the rows or columns of a LiDAR image, the algorithms should be able to detect abrupt changes in the image that would represent the insects. While not as accurate, the changepoint detection algorithms give comparable results to a machine learning algorithm tested on the same dataset without the need for supervised training. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Anomaly detection

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Machine Learning assisted Indoor Visible Light Communications Radio Environment Maps

Machine Learning assisted Indoor Visible Light Communication...

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2022 Panhellenic Conference on Electronics and Telecommunications, PACET 2022

作者： Serpi, Helena Politi, Christina Tanya University of Peloponnese Department of Informatics and Telecommunications Tripolis Greece University of Peloponnese Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Patras Greece

ISBN: (数字)9798350399585

ISBN: (纸本)9798350399585

Visible light communications (VLC) have been proposed as reliable high-capacity wireless optical communication systems for indoor access networks. This technology comprises a solution that does not harm human tissues and has been especially suggested for ultra-reliable environments like hospitals. In this paper we utilize machine learning for investigating the wireless optical channel in indoοr areas where ultra-reliable communications are needed and hence signal coverage should be guaranteed. It is proven that ML methods can reliably and efficiently predict the Radio Environment Map (REM) of a VLC enabled communication system. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Machine learning

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How Lasers Exploit Photoacoustic and Photoelectric Phenomena to Inject Signals into MEMS Microphones

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Journal of Hardware and Systems Security 2025年 1-17页

作者： Cyr, Benjamin Sumaria, Vedant Long, Yan Tadigadapa, Srinivas Sugawara, Takeshi Fu, Kevin Computer Science and Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor USA Electrical & Computer Engineering Northeastern University Boston USA Department of Informatics The University of Electro-Communications Tokyo Japan

An amplitude-modulated laser can be used to generate false, yet coherent acoustic signals on the outputs of MEMS microphones. While this vulnerability has ramifications on the security of cyber-physical systems that trust these microphones, the physical explanation of this effect remained a mystery. Without an understanding of the physical phenomena contributing to this signal injection, it is difficult to design effective and reliable defenses. In this work, we show the degree to which the mechanisms of thermoelastic bending, thermal diffusion, and photocurrent generation are used to inject signals into MEMS microphones. We provide models for each of these mechanisms, develop a procedure to empirically determine their relative contributions, and highlight the effects on eight commercial MEMS microphones. We accomplish this with a precise setup to isolate each mechanism using several laser wavelengths and a vacuum chamber. The results indicate that the injected signal on the microphone is dependent on the wavelength of the incoming light. Shorter wavelengths (such as a 450 nm blue laser) exploit photoacoustic effects, and the periodic heating and expansion of air is the dominant factor in seven of eight sample microphones. Longer wavelengths (such as a 904 nm infrared laser) exploit photoelectric effects on the sensitive ASIC, generating signals that are between 2x and 100x stronger than photoacoustic signals in six of eight sample microphones. This understanding of the physical causality of laser signal injection leads to recommendations for future laser-resistant microphone designs. These include adding light-blocking structures at the system or device level, improving to glob top application, and adding simple light or temperature sensors for injection detection. Based on the fundamental causality, we also suggest potential vulnerabilities within other sensors with similar characteristics to MEMS microphones, such as conventional microphones, ultrasonic

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Privacy-Preserving X-ray Image Enhancement: A GAN-Cybersecurity-Based Approach

Privacy-Preserving X-ray Image Enhancement: A GAN-Cybersecur...

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2024 IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics, ICCE 2024

作者： Phan, Quoc Bao Nguyen, Linh Nguyen, Tuy Tan Nguyen, Dinh C. Northern Arizona University School of Informatics Computing and Cyber Systems FlagstaffAZ86011 United States The University of Alabama in Huntsville Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering HuntsvilleAL35899 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798350324136

This paper presents a novel two-stage approach to enhance the quality and privacy of X-ray medical images. The first stage leverages generative adversarial networks (GANs) for effective denoising, eliminating noise and artifacts from X-ray images while improving the visibility of critical anatomical structures. Subsequently, number-Theoretic transform (NTT) polynomial multiplication is integrated with Kyber to accelerate the encryption and decryption of the denoised X-ray images. This encryption safeguards the privacy of sensitive patient data and provides resilience against potential quantum computing attacks, ensuring long-Term data security. Implementing Kyber-based encryption and decryption on a graphics processing unit (GPU) architecture significantly reduces latency, enabling real-Time and secure access to critical healthcare information. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： GANs Images denoising Kyber number theoretic transform

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An Ensemble Deep Learning Approach for Accurate Urinary Sediment Detection Using YOLOv9e and KD-YOLOX-ViT

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IEEE Access 2025年 13卷 101934-101954页

作者： Mansura Naznine Abdus Salam Muhammad Mohsin Khan Sadia Farhana Nobi Muhammad E. H. Chowdhury Department of Electrical Engineering Qatar University Doha Qatar Department of Computer Science and Engineering Rajshahi University of Engineering and Technology Rajshahi Bangladesh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rajshahi University of Engineering and Technology Rajshahi Bangladesh Department of Neurology Hamad Medical Corporation Doha Qatar Department of Public Health and Informatics BSMMU Dhaka Bangladesh

Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) are common medical diseases that occur from bacterial infections which can impact any area of the urinary system. Detecting urine particles is crucial for diagnosing UTIs and other renal abnormalities, as the presence of red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), casts, fungi, and bacteria in urine can indicate disorders such as hematuria, kidney stones, and urinary tract malignancies. This study introduces an advanced deep learning method that utilizes ensemble of YOLOv9e and KD-YOLOX-ViT models. YOLOv9e model is built upon the Generalized Efficient Layer Aggregation Network (GELAN) and Programmable Gradient Information (PGI). The KD-YOLOX-ViT model integrates knowledge distillation and Vision Transformer (ViT) modules within the YOLOX framework to improve performance. This ensemble framework combines the strengths of YOLOv9e and KD-YOLOX-ViT models to automate the detection and classification of seven distinct urine sediment particles, effectively addressing challenges related to class imbalance, image resolution, and domain adaptation. The YOLOv9e model exhibited exceptional performance, obtaining precision, recall, and mean average precision (mAP50) scores of 88.5%, 88.1%, and 92.2%, respectively. The KD-YOLOX-ViT model also performed well, achieving precision, recall, mAP50, and mAP50-95 scores of 86%, 88%, 86.7%, and 53.3%, respectively. By ensembling YOLOv9e and KD-YOLOX-ViT using Weighted Box Fusion (WBF), the model achieved a final mAP50 of 94.18%. The model’s adaptability was further validated through rigorous external validation on a novel dataset, yielding in a mAP50 of 94.64%. Comparative analysis with state-of-the-art methods confirms the model’s real-time analytical capabilities. Moreover, the integration of eXplainable AI (XAI) enhances interpretability, offering valuable insights for confident clinical diagnosis. This comprehensive approach shows significant promise in advancing diagnostic accuracy and enabling

关键词： Sediments Accuracy Adaptation models Kidney Deep learning Microscopy White blood cells Medical diagnostic imaging Feature extraction Bacteria

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Performance Analysis of an Artificial Intelligence Nanosystem with Biological Internet of Nano Things

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computer Modeling in engineering & Sciences 2022年第10期133卷 111-131页

作者： Saied M.Abd El-atty Nancy A.Arafa Atef Abouelazm Osama Alfarraj Konstantinos A.Lizos Farid Shawki Department of Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering Faculty of Electronic EngineeringMenoufia UniversityMenoufEgypt Computer Science Department Community CollegeKing Saud UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia Department of Informatics Faculty of Mathematics and Natural SciencesUniversity of Oslo(UiO)OsloNorway

Artificial intelligence(AI)has recently been used in nanomedical applications,in which implanted intelligent nanosystems inside the human body were used to diagnose and treat a variety of ailments with the help of the Internet of biological Nano Things(IoBNT).Biological circuit engineering or nanomaterial-based architectures can be used to approach the *** nanomedical applications,the blood vascular medium serves as a communication channel,demonstrating a molecular communication system based on flow and *** paper presents a performance study of the channel capacity for flow-based-diffusive molecular communication nanosystems that takes into account the ligand-receptor binding *** earlier studies,we take into account the effects of biological physical characteristics such as blood pressure,blood viscosity,and vascular diameter on channel ***,in terms of drug transmission error probability,the inter-symbol interference(ISI)phenomenon is applied to the proposed *** numerical results show that the proposed AI nanosystems-based IoBNT technology can be successfully implemented in future nanomedicine.

关键词： Nanosystem AI Internet of biological Nano Things(IoBNT) channel capacity

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