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Effects of Image Normalization on CNN-Based EEG-EMG Fusion

IEEE Sensors Journal 2025年第11期25卷 20894-20906页

作者： Tryon, Jacob Guillermo Colli Alfaro, J. Trejos, Ana Luisa Western University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering LondonONN6A 5B9 Canada Western University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering School of Biomedical Engineering LondonONN6A 5B9 Canada

The rise in popularity of wearable robotic devices has brought many opportunities in the area of assistive devices for rehabilitation. However, despite their numerous advantages, these wearable mechatronic devices are not widely adopted due to a poor interaction between the device and the wearer. To solve this issue, several studies have proposed the use of sensor fusion of electroencephalography (EEG) and electromyography (EMG) signals using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) to detect the motion intention of the user and control the wearable device. Although normalization techniques can be applied during data pre-processing in order to improve performance, the correct normalization methods to apply for combined EEG and EMG data are unknown, hindering the potential improvement of the resulting CNN models. Therefore, in this study, no normalization, subject-wise, speed-wise, image-wise, and channel-wise normalization methods were compared. The effectiveness of these methods was tested on the overall and speed specific accuracies of CNN models trained using a database of combined EEG-EMG data collected during elbow flexion-extension motions at different speeds. The results of this study showed that no normalization improved the performance of the overall accuracy of CNN models, with grouped spectrogram-based models achieving an accuracy of 81.57 ± 7.11%. A similar trend was found for speed specific accuracies, in which no normalization showed to be a slightly better option during slow motions. Overall, these results provide information on the different tools that can be used to improve the performance of CNN-based models used for the control of wearable robotic devices. © 2001-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Electromyography

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Theoretical connection from the dielectric constant of films to the capacitance of capacitors under high temperature

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High Voltage 2023年第4期8卷 707-716页

作者： Yongxin Zhang Qikun Feng Shaolong Zhong Jiayao Pei Fangyi Chen Lei Huang Zhe Yang Zhimin Dang Department of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijingChina Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Carnegie Mellon UniversityPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA Department of Energy Technology Aalborg UniversityAalborgDenmark

In the process of coping with energy and environmental protection issues,technologies such as energy materials,energy devices,and energy systems have made great *** excellent performance,film capacitors play an increasingly important role in energyrelated *** the increase of application scenarios and the continuous development of film material technology,it is urgent to establish a better theoretical connection from films to ***,the main components of the capacitor including the film and the positional relationships among them are ***,from the two perspectives of indirect calculation according to the volume and the direct calculation according to the winding process,the equation between the dielectric constant of films and the corresponding capacitance of capacitors is ***,the measurement data and error analysis results of the built test platform prove the accuracy and great potential of the proposed calculation *** addition,error sources,including film thickness uniformity,are ***,the challenges faced by the proposed calculation methods and the paths that can be referenced for future research are summarised and discussed.

关键词： film dielectric capacitance

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Impact of Fast Frequency Response on Renewable Energy Source Curtailment and Load Shedding

Impact of Fast Frequency Response on Renewable Energy Source...

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CIRED 2024 Vienna Workshop

作者： Panagi, Savvas Lazari, Antonis Koutsoloukas, Vrahimis Aristidou, Petros Department of Electrical Engineering Computer Engineering and Informatics Cyprus University of Technology Limassol Cyprus Transmission System Operator of Cyprus Cyprus

ISBN: (纸本)9781837242672

System operators in low-inertia power systems often have to curtail renewable energy sources (RES) and employ strict under-frequency load shedding (UFLS) schemes to ensure frequency security after an event leading to loss of generation. This approach limits the maximum RES penetration in a system and results to the loss of load. To tackle these problems, fast frequency response (FFR) schemes can be used to limit the frequency Nadir after a disturbance and decrease the need for RES curtailments and UFLS. This article provides insights on the interaction between the Kinetic Energy (KE), Frequency Containment Reserves (FCR), and Nadir after a disturbance, which are the driving mechanisms leading to RES curtailment. Then, it analyses the impact of FFR on the Nadir and its ability to alleviate RES curtailment problems. The low-inertia, islanded, Cyprus dynamic model is used to quantify the results and showcase the impact on a real system. © The Institution of engineering & Technology 2024.

关键词： Electric load shedding

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Microstrip patch antenna modeling using neural networks with knowledge-based regularization

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Neural Computing and Applications 2025年第5期37卷 3827-3837页

作者： Saçın, Ekin Su Durgun, Ahmet Cemal Department of Electrical Electronics Engineering Middle East Technical University Ankara Çankaya06800 Turkey Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Massachusetts AmherstMA01003 United States

Neural networks (NNs) have proven a useful surrogate model for the design and optimization of high frequency structures including antennas. Black-box NNs are known to have scalability and accuracy problems as the dimension of the problem increases. This study proposes knowledge-based regularization methods, referred to as derivative, spectral, and magnitude regularization to address these issues. The proposed methods utilize the functional properties of S-parameters to improve the accuracy and prevent unphysical predictions. The NNs are trained and tested using a data set of 5000 samples generated by Latin Hypercube Sampling and simulated by Ansys HFSS. The goodness of fit is evaluated using Relative Squared Error. Derivative and spectral regularizations reduce the RSE loss from 0.052 to 0.046 and 0.043, respectively. When combined with magnitude regularization, up to 17% and 88% reduction in loss and passivity violations can be achieved, at the expense of a 37% increase in training time. Moreover, 25% less data is required, to maintain a similar loss to the reference NN. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Neural network models

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Global Sensitivity Analysis for Rare Events in Probabilistic Power Flow Using Subset Simulation

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IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 2025年第2期40卷 1969-1972页

作者： Li, Yibo Xu, Yijun Gu, Wei Lu, Shuai Mili, Lamine Southeast University Electrical Engineering Department Nanjing210096 China Virginia Tech Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Falls ChurchVA22043 United States

Traditionally, global sensitivity analysis (GSA) measures the importance of renewables and loads that will affect all probabilistic density functions (PDF) of operating states in power systems. However, when it comes to the rare events that better quantify the risk probabilities in the PDF tails, the traditional GSA is no longer applicable. In addition, the model uncertainties of the input PDFs are ignored in the traditional GSA. To overcome these challenges, we propose a novel GSA framework that addresses the probability of rare events associated with the distribution parameters of the input PDFs. Moreover, we propose to accelerate the expensive rare event-based GSA (REGSA) via the subset simulation (SS) method. The simulation results reveal the excellent performance of the proposed method. © 1969-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Load flow optimization

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Patient-independent epileptic seizure detection using weighted visibility graph features and wavelet decomposition

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第6期84卷 3197-3221页

作者： Mohammadpoory, Zeynab Nasrolahzadeh, Mahda Amiri, Sekineh Asadi Department of Biomedical Engineering Shahrood University of Technology Shahrood Iran Department of Electrical Engineering University of Torbat Heydarieh Torbat Heydarieh Iran Department of Computer Engineering University of Mazandaran Babolsar Iran

Epileptic seizure detection has been a complex task due to the chaos and non-stationariness observed in the electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. Most existing EEG-based seizure detection algorithms are patient-dependent and train a detection model for each patient. This study investigates the patient-independent detection of seizure events using the big dataset CHB-MIT Scalp EEG. This paper proposes a new method based on weighted visibility graph (WVG) features to identify seizures from EEG signals. EEG signals from 22 channels and delta, theta, alpha, beta, and gamma sub-bands of EEGs are mapped into the WVG, and then WVG features are calculated from these WVGs. Then more informative features were selected using a combination of some feature selection methods and were given to five classifiers to investigate the performance of these features to classify the brain signals into seizure free (interictal) and during a seizure (ictal) groups. After that, the post-processing step was used to promote the performance of the method and also detect the seizure onset and offset times detection. The proposed method could detect 163 seizures out of 184, considering patient-independent situations for training classifiers and it could obtain an accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 94.02%, 92.31%, and 94.12% respectively. It also could obtain an FDR equal to 0.12/h and an ADL of 5.11 Seconds. Then, the proposed method has promising results in detection of seizures and it may use in online seizure detection applications such as closed-loop therapies. This study proposed extracting some WVG-based features from the signal and its sub-band with a feature selection scheme combining some feature selection methods and using some classifiers. Then a post-processing proposed to process the classifiers output and promote the performance of the proposed method. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Electroencephalography

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Design and Characterization of High Quality-Factor Inductors for Wireless Systems Compatible With Flexible Large-Area Electronics

IEEE Journal on Flexible Electronics

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IEEE Journal on Flexible Electronics 2024年第6期3卷 234-241页

作者： Ma, Yue Wagner, Sigurd Verma, Naveen Sturm, James C. Princeton University School of Engineering and Applied Science Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering PrincetonNJ08544 United States

Resonant operation, exploiting high quality-factor planar inductors, has recently enabled gigahertz (GHz) applications for large-area electronics (LAE), providing a new technology platform for large-scale and flexible wireless systems. This work first presents the design, analysis, and characterization methodology of flex-compatible large-area planar inductors. Specifically, three distinct radio frequency (RF) inductor characterization methods are experimentally demonstrated and compared, with the most accurate method among them (i.e., S-parameters in a two-port configuration) demonstrating a record-high quality factor of up to 65in the 2.4-GHz frequency band. Enabled by accurate characterization, key inductor design considerations regarding the resistive loss due to inductor's metal traces are then discussed. Finally, a case study of the recently demonstrated LAE resonant switch shows the potential of these high-performance inductors towards large-area and conformal wireless systems for integrated Internet of Things (IoT) and 5G/6G applications. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Substrates

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Double-crossed Bowtie Antenna-coupled Carbon Nanotube Microbolometer with Meander Structures at 1THz

Double-crossed Bowtie Antenna-coupled Carbon Nanotube Microb...

引用

2024 International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation, ISAP 2024

作者： Hasiholan, Matthew Gabriel Pangesti Aji, Arie Apriono, Catur Rahardjo, Eko Tjipto Department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Indonesia Indonesia Department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Informatics Universitas Dian Nusantara Indonesia

ISBN: (纸本)9798350364774

A high reception of THz waves is important in the design of an antenna-coupled microbolometer, which is indicated by the ability to detect THz waves effectively from all directions. In this study, we implement the meander line structure in a carbon nanotube (CNT) based bolometer coupled with a double-crossed bowtie antenna. The structure is designed on a SiO2 substrate with an additional metal reflector at the bottom. The simulation results reveal the potential high responsivity of 281.5 kV/W and could effectively minimize the NEP down to 0.0145 pW/Hz1/2. These results demonstrate the prospect of a meander line bolometer structure to enhance THz wave absorption with great potential in the application of real-time imaging. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Terahertz waves

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Equipment Parameter Investigation for a Proposed Power Conductor Hot Spot Identification system 10

Equipment Parameter Investigation for a Proposed Power Condu...

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10th International Conference on Modern Power Systems, MPS 2023

作者： Polycarpou, Alexis Komodromos, Michael Kalli, Kyriacos Argyrou, Maria C. Ioannou, Andreas Computer Engineering and Informatics Frederick University Frederick Research Center Deparment of Electrical Nicosia Cyprus Cyprus University of Technology PhOSLab Department of Electrical Engineering/Computer Engineering and Informatics Limassol Cyprus

ISBN: (纸本)9798350326826

Reliability, efficiency and continuity of power energy supplied is an area which receives increasing attention as the main infrastructure of power transmission and distribution systems in many countries is ageing. Hot spot related cable failures and power interruptions have a big financial impact on the power provider. The operational parameters of a method to identify in real time hot spots on cables is investigated in this paper, which can result to timely fault prevention. This can be achieved through exploiting the optical sensing capabilities of the existing optical fibre on-grid network. The resulting parameters aim to be advantageous for the system as they increase accuracy and will enable the Remote, automated, continuous, and real time monitoring of the grid infrastructure integrity. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Cables

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Blockchain-based group signature for secure authentication of IoT systems in smart home environments

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Cyber-Physical Systems 2024年第4期10卷 362-386页

作者： Kara, Mustafa Merzeh, Hisham R.J. Aydin, Muhammed Ali Balik, Hasan Hüseyin Department of Computer Engineering Air Force Academy National Defence University Istanbul Turkey Department of Computer Engineering College of Electrical and Electronic Technology Middle Technical University Baghdad Iraq Department of Computer Engineering Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa Istanbul Turkey Department of Computer Engineering Istanbul Aydin University Istanbul Turkey

Current solutions that rely on a single-server architecture have privacy, anonymity, integrity, and confidentiality limitations. Blockchain-based solutions can address some of these issues but face challenges regulating behaviour and protecting access policy privacy. This study proposes a new approach to securing a smart home environment to overcome these *** proposed architecture is based on a group signature scheme, which allows multiple IoT devices to securely exchange keys and authenticate each other without needing a central authority. Our experimental results indicate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed architecture and provide insights into its security and privacy features compared to existing IoT authentication methods. © 2024 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

关键词： Authentication

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