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IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Computing 2024年第3期10卷 503-514页

作者： Balakrishnan, Ashutosh De, Swades Wang, Li-Chun Delhi Department of Electrical Engineering New Delhi India IIT Delhi Department of Electrical Engineering Bharti School of Telecommunication New Delhi India Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Taiwan

Grid connected and solar powered base stations (BSs) acting as distributed energy sources are increasingly becoming a popular solution to mobile operators. These networks experience double stochasticity due to the space-time variations in energy harvest and BS traffic. Hence, accurate and efficient green energy outage estimation in such networks is a challenging task. In this work, we propose a complutationally efficient cooperative energy transfer based distributed energy bank strategy to alleviate green energy outage and design energy sustainable networks. We first develop low-complexity Markovian frameworks to estimate green energy outage in a standalone BS without energy cooperation (WEC) and a multi-BS energy-cooperative (EC) setting, respectively. For the WEC system, we present a computationally efficient three-state discrete time Markovian statistical model, while the multi-BS EC framework is characterized by a two-state Markov model. The energy outage is studied as a function of capital expenditure (CAPEX), manifesting engineering insights from a service provider's perspective. Subsequently for the EC framework, we formulate a CAPEX optimization problem by jointly optimizing the BS cluster size and solar provisioning on individual BSs. Our results demonstrate that the proposed EC framework alleviates the green energy outage significantly, providing computational efficiency gains and CAPEX savings over the state-of-art approaches. © 2016 IEEE.

关键词： Batteries Green Energy Computational Modeling Power Demand Green Products Computational Efficiency Sustainable Development Green Computing Estimation Energy Exchange Cooperative Energy Transfer Computation Efficiency Energy Sustainability Solar Powered Base Station Traffic Energy Imbalance Network Of Cells Energy Source Optimization Problem Computational Efficiency Renewable Energy Energy Transfer Base Station Energy Harvesting Solar Power Capital Expenditure Three State Model Energy Cooperation Skewness Intermediate State Transition Probabilities Power Grid Average Energy Energy Deficit Probabilistic Analysis Sustainability Performance Net Energy Outage Probability Battery Level Photovoltaic Panels Consecutive Hours Discrete Time Markov Chain Solar Harvesting Outage Performance Depth Of Discharge Upcoming Sections

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Impact of Different Integration Times on Distributions of Rain Rates for Predictions of Rain Attenuation

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Progress in Electromagnetics Research C 2025年 154卷 229-238页

作者： Hassan, Mohammad Rofiqul Rafiqul, Islam Md. Habaebi, Mohamed Hadi Suriza, Ahmad Zabidi Badron, Khairayu Budalal, Asma Ali Mahfuz, Md. Mahmudul Hasan Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering International Islamic University Malaysia Jalan Gombak Kuala Lumpur53100 Malaysia College of Electrical and Electronics Technology Benghazi Libya Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Concordia University Canada

All wireless communication systems are moving towards higher and higher frequencies day by day which are severely attenuated by rains in outdoor environment. To design a reliable RF system, an accurate prediction method of rain attenuation is established and used globally based on local rain intensity measurement. Required rain intensity used for attenuation prediction is generally measured at a point with 1-min integration time or converted from higher integration time to 1-min. Recent measurements of rain intensity with a 10-second integration time indicate that intensity is not uniform over a 1-minute duration. Consequently, the statistics of rain intensity distribution and attenuation predictions are influenced by measurements with integration times shorter than 1 minute. It has been established that an integration time of 0.01% provides the optimal fit for actual rain rate data. This paper presents the rain intensity distributions from data measured with 2-min, 1-min, 30-sec, 20-sec, and 10-sec integration times, and it has impact on rain rate distributions as well as rain attenuation predictions. © 2025, Electromagnetics Academy. All rights reserved.

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Transparent OLED displays for selective bidirectional viewing using ZnO/Yb:Ag cathode with highly smooth and low-barrier surface

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Light(Science & Applications) 2025年第3期14卷 673-683页

作者： Eun-young Choi Sung-Cheon Kang Kanghoon Kim Su-Hyeon Lee Jeong-Beom Kim Jang-Kun Song Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon-siRepublicof Korea Department of Semiconductor and Display Engineering Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon-siRepublicof Korea

Transparent organic light-emitting diode(TrOLED)displays represent cutting-edge technology posed to significantly enhance user *** study addresses two pivotal challenges in TrOLED ***,we focus on the innovation of transparent cathodes,a fundamental component in TrOLEDs,by introducing a ZnO/Yb:Ag *** cathode employs a combination of seed layer and metal doping techniques to achieve a highly uniform surface morphology and a low surface energy *** optimized Yb:Ag cathode on ZnO,with a mere thickness of 15 nm,exhibits remarkable properties:an extremely low surface roughness of 0.52 nm,sheet resistance of 11.6Ω γ^(-1),an optical transmittance of 86.7%at 510 nm,and tunable work function(here,optimized to be 3.86 eV),ensuring superior electron injection ***,we propose a novel TrOLED pixel structure that features selective bidirectional viewing,allowing different types of information to be selectively displayed on each side while preserving overall transparency and minimizing pixel *** design innovation distinguishes itself from conventional TrOLEDs that display images on only one *** bidirectional TrOLED design not only enhances openness and esthetic appeal but also holds promise for diverse applications across various user environments.

关键词： transparent OLED displays transparent cathodesa troled displays significantly enhance user experiencethis selective bidirectional viewing ZNO Yb Ag cathode low barrier surface highly smooth surface

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Force Sensitive Resistors-Based Real-Time Posture Detection System Using Machine Learning Algorithms

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computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第11期77卷 1795-1814页

作者： Arsal Javaid Areeb Abbas Jehangir Arshad Mohammad Khalid Imam Rahmani Sohaib Tahir Chauhdary Mujtaba Hussain Jaffery Abdulbasid S.Banga Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering COMSATS University IslamabadLahore CampusLahore54000Pakistan College of Computing and Informatics Saudi Electronic UniversityRiyadh11673Saudi Arabia Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering College of EngineeringDhofar UniversitySalalah211Oman

To detect the improper sitting posture of a person sitting on a chair,a posture detection system using machine learning classification has been proposed in this *** addressed problem correlates to the third Sustainable Development Goal(SDG),ensuring healthy lives and promoting well-being for all ages,as specified by the World Health Organization(WHO).An improper sitting position can be fatal if one sits for a long time in the wrong position,and it can be dangerous for ulcers and lower spine *** novel study includes a practical implementation of a cushion consisting of a grid of 3×3 force-sensitive resistors(FSR)embedded to read the pressure of the person sitting on ***,the Body Mass Index(BMI)has been included to increase the resilience of the system across individual physical variances and to identify the incorrect postures(backward,front,left,and right-leaning)based on the five machine learning algorithms:ensemble boosted trees,ensemble bagged trees,ensemble subspace K-Nearest Neighbors(KNN),ensemble subspace discriminant,and ensemble RUSBoosted *** proposed arrangement is novel as existing works have only provided simulations without practical implementation,whereas we have implemented the proposed design in *** results validate the proposed sensor placements,and the machine learning(ML)model reaches a maximum accuracy of 99.99%,which considerably outperforms the existing *** proposed concept is valuable as it makes it easier for people in workplaces or even at individual household levels to work for long periods without suffering from severe harmful effects from poor posture.

关键词： Posture detection FSR sensor machine learning real-time KNN

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A novel interpolation consistency for bad generative adversarial networks (IC-BGAN)

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2024年第38期83卷 86161-86205页

作者： Iraji, Mohammad Saber Tanha, Jafar Balafar, Mohammad-Ali Feizi-Derakhshi, Mohammad-Reza Department of Computer Engineering Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Tabriz Tabriz Iran

Semi-supervised learning techniques utilize both labeled and unlabeled images to enhance classification performance in scenarios where labeled images are limited. However, challenges such as integrating unlabeled images with incorrect pseudo-labels, determining appropriate thresholds for the pseudo-labels, and label prediction fluctuations on low-confidence unlabeled images, hinder the effectiveness of existing methods. This research introduces a novel framework named Interpolation Consistency for Bad Generative Adversarial Networks (IC-BGAN) that utilizes a new loss function. The proposed model combines bad adversarial training, fusion techniques, and regularization to address the limitations of semi-supervised learning. IC-BGAN creates three types of image augmentations and label consistency regularization in interpolation of bad fake images, real and bad fake images, and unlabeled images. It demonstrates linear interpolation behavior, reducing fluctuations in predictions, improving stability, and facilitating the identification of decision boundaries in low-density areas. The regularization techniques boost the discriminative capability of the classifier and discriminator, and send a better signal to the bad generator. This improves the generalization and the generation of diverse inter-class fake images as support vectors with information near the true decision boundary, which helps to correct the pseudo-labeling of unlabeled images. The proposed approach achieves notable improvements in error rate from 2.87 to 1.47 on the Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology (MNIST) dataset, 3.59 to 3.13 on the Street View House Numbers (SVHN) dataset, and 12.13 to 9.59 on the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, 10 classes (CIFAR-10) dataset using 1000 labeled training images. Additionally, it reduces the error rate from 22.11 to 18.40 on the CINIC-10 dataset when using 700 labeled images per class. The experiments demonstrate the IC-BGAN framework outp

关键词： Generative adversarial networks

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Cumulative Capacity Credit Estimation for Renewable Energy Projects

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2024年第5期12卷 1643-1651页

作者： Arif S.Malik Majid A.Al Umairi the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Sultan Qaboos UniversityAl-Khod 123Oman Oman Electricity Transmission Company MuscatOman Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Sultan Qaboos UniversityAl-Khod 123Oman

This paper presents a novel method for accurately estimating the cumulative capacity credit(CCC)of renewable energy(RE)*** data from the main interconnected system(MIS)of Oman for 2028,where a substantial increase in RE generation is anticipated,the method is introduced alongside the traditional effective load carrying capability(ELCC)*** ensure its robustness,we compare CCC results with ELCC calculations using two distinct standards of reliability criteria:loss of load hours(LOLH)at 24 hour/year and 2.4 hour/*** method consistently gives accurate results,emphasizing its exceptional accuracy,efficiency,and simplicity.A notable feature of the method is its independence from loss of load probability(LOLP)calculations and the iterative procedures associated with analytic-based reliability ***,it relies solely on readily available data such as annual hourly load profiles and hourly generation data from integrated RE *** innovation is of particular significance to prospective independent power producers(IPPs)in the RE sector,offering them a valuable tool for estimating capacity credits without the need for sensitive generating unit forced outage rate data,often restricted by privacy concerns.

关键词： Effective load carrying capability renewable energy resource capacity credit generation system reliability loss of load probability

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Analysis of the effect of different scattering mechanisms on the excess noise behavior of Sb-based avalanche photodiodes

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Optics Express 2025年第4期33卷 7337-7344页

作者： Karimi, Hannaneh Herrera, Daniel J. Dadey, Adam A. Wei, Dongxia Mcarthur, Andrew Bank, Seth R. Campbell, Joe. C. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Virginia CharlottesvilleVA22903 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Texas AustinTX78758 United States

In optical applications where avalanche photodiodes (APDs) provide the benefit of high sensitivity, Sb-based materials systems such as AlInAsSb and AlGaAsSb have shown extremely low excess noise factors. The Monte Carlo (MC) model described in this work reveals the effect of high alloy scattering on the excess noise factor in these material systems. A comparison between the excess noise factor of different combinations of scattering rates is investigated. Furthermore, the ionization path length probability distribution is presented for AlInAsSb APDs with different scattering mechanisms. Good agreement is achieved between simulation results and experimental measurements. © 2025 Optica Publishing Group under the terms of the Optica Open Access Publishing Agreement.

关键词： III-V semiconductors

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Electromagnetic Interference on Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs): A Case Study of High Power Transmission Line Impacts

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IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification 2025年第3期11卷 7501-7513页

作者： Salehi Rad, Shervin Zheng, Zilong Kheirollahi, Reza Mostafa, Amr Zhao, Shuyan Wang, Yao Chevinly, Javad Nadi, Elias Bensala, Tarik Zhang, Hua Friedman, Gary Lu, Fei Drexel University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering PhiladelphiaPA19104 United States Lehigh University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering BethlehemPA18015 United States

Nowadays, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) play a significant role in transmission line inspection. This article focuses on the inertial measurement unit (IMU) as a critical component to study the impacts of electromagnetic interference. A case study is conducted by selecting 500-kV/25-kA 60-Hz transmission lines as sources of strong electromagnetic fields and investigates their influences on an IMU unit and operation of an UAV. An experimental testing methodology is proposed to explore the impacts of magnetic and electric fields separately. A high-power inverter-based testing platform is implemented to excite a 2.2-kA planar coil and a 7.5-kA solenoid coil to generate magnetic fields and emulate high current impacts from transmission lines. Meanwhile, a pair of metal plates are adopted to generate a 2-kV/m electric field and study the high-voltage impacts. Multiple long-time continuous testings of the DJI Marvic 2 drone have been conducted in the generated magnetic and electric fields. It validates that the onboard magnetometer is sensitive to magnetic fields, while other sensors remain immune to both magnetic and electric fields, at least up to 3100 μT and 2 kV/m, respectively. © 2015 IEEE.

关键词： Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV)

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Meta-Learning Online Control for Linear Dynamical Systems

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IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control 2025年第6期70卷 4163-4169页

作者： Muthirayan, Deepan Kalathil, Dileep Khargonekar, Pramod P. University of California Irvine Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences IrvineCA United States Texas A&M University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering United States

In this paper, we consider the problem of finding a meta-learning online control algorithm that can learn across the tasks when faced with a sequence of N (similar) control tasks. Each task involves controlling a linear dynamical system for a finite horizon of T time steps. The cost function and system noise at each time step are adversarial and unknown to the controller before taking the control action. Meta-learning is a broad approach where the goal is to prescribe an online policy for any new unseen task exploiting the information from other tasks and the similarity between the tasks. We propose a meta-learning online control algorithm for the control setting and characterize its performance by meta-regret, the average cumulative regret across the tasks. We show that when the number of tasks are sufficiently large, our proposed approach achieves a meta-regret that is smaller by a factor D/D∗ compared to an independent-learning online control algorithm which does not perform learning across the tasks, where D is a problem constant and D∗ is a scalar that decreases with increase in the similarity between tasks. Thus, when the sequence of tasks are similar the regret of the proposed meta-learning online control is significantly lower than that of the naive approaches without meta-learning. We also present experiment results to demonstrate the superior performance achieved by our meta-learning algorithm. © 1963-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Cost functions

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Harnessing metamaterials for efficient wireless power transfer for implantable medical devices

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Bioelectronic Medicine 2024年第1期10卷 1-8页

作者： Mahmud, Sultan Nezaratizadeh, Ali Satriya, Alfredo Bayu Yoon, Yong-Kyu Ho, John S. Khalifa, Adam Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Florida GainesvilleFL32611 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore

Wireless power transfer (WPT) within the human body can enable long-lasting medical devices but poses notable challenges, including absorption by biological tissues and weak coupling between the transmitter (Tx) and receiver (Rx). In pursuit of more robust and efficient wireless power, various innovative strategies have emerged to optimize power transfer efficiency (PTE). One such groundbreaking approach stems from the incorporation of metamaterials, which have shown the potential to enhance the capabilities of conventional WPT systems. In this review, we delve into recent studies focusing on WPT systems that leverage metamaterials to achieve increased efficiency for implantable medical devices (IMDs) in the electromagnetic paradigm. Alongside a comparative analysis, we also outline current challenges and envision potential avenues for future advancements. © The Author(s) 2024.

关键词： Metamaterials

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