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A Linear Method to Fit Equivalent Circuit Model Parameter Values to HPPC Relaxation Data From Lithium-Ion Cells1

ASME Letters in Dynamic Systems and Control 2025年第1期5卷 011003页

作者： Plett, Gregory L. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Colorado Colorado Springs Colorado SpringsCO80918 United States

Battery management systems require mathematical models of the battery cells that they monitor and control. Commonly, equivalent circuit models are used. We would like to be able to determine the parameter values of their equations using simple tests and straightforward optimizations. Historically, it has appeared that nonlinear optimization is required to find the state-equation time constants. However, this article shows that the relaxation interval following a current or power pulse provides data that can be used to find these time constants using linear methods. After finding the time constants, the remaining parameter values can also be found via linear regression. Overall, only linear algebra is used to find all of the parameter values of the equivalent circuit model. This yields fast, robust, and simple implementations, and even enables application in an embedded system, such as a battery management system, desiring to retune its model parameter values as its cell ages. © 2024 by ASME.

关键词： Nonlinear programming

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MIMO performance enhancement of MIMO arrays using PCS-based near-field optimization technique

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2023年第6期66卷 170-185页

作者： Yipeng WANG Xiaoming CHEN Huiling PEI Wei E.I.SHA Yi HUANG Ahmed A.KISHK School of Information and Communications Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Electronic Devices and Smart Systems of Zhejiang Province College of Information Science and Electronic EngineeringZhejiang University Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics University of Liverpool Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Concordia University

Extensive efforts have been made in designing large multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO)arrays. Nevertheless, improvements in conventional antenna characteristics cannot ensure significant MIMO performance improvement in realistic multipath environments. Array decorrelation techniques have been proposed, achieving correlation reductions by either tilting the antenna beams or shifting the phase centers away from each other. Hence, these methods are mainly limited to MIMO terminals with small arrays. To avoid such problems, this work proposes a decorrelation optimization technique based on phase correcting surface(PCS)that can be applied to large MIMO arrays, enhancing their MIMO performances in a realistic(non-isotropic)multipath environment. First, by using a near-field channel model and an optimization algorithm, a near-field phase distribution improving the MIMO capacity is obtained. Then the PCS(consisting of square elements)is used to cover the array's aperture, achieving the desired near-field phase *** examples demonstrate the effectiveness of this PCS-based near-field optimization technique. One is a1 × 4 dual-polarized patch array(working at 2.4 GHz)covered by a 2 × 4 PCS with 0.6λ center-to-center distance. The other is a 2 × 8 dual-polarized dipole array, for which a 4 × 8 PCS with 0.4λ center-to-center distance is designed. Their MIMO capacities can be effectively enhanced by 8% and 10% in single-cell and multi-cell scenarios, respectively. The PCS has insignificant effects on mutual coupling, matching, and the average radiation efficiency of the patch array, and increases the antenna gain by about 2.5 dB while keeping broadside radiations to ensure good cellular coverage, which benefits the MIMO performance of the *** proposed technique offers a new perspective for improving large MIMO arrays in realistic multipath in a statistical sense.

关键词： antenna correlation array antenna multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) capacity

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A Graph-Assisted Digital-Twin-Driven Multiagent Shared Offloading for Internet of Vehicles

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年第11期12卷 17349-17363页

作者： Zahangir Alam, Md Rahman, Suryaia Asif Bin Khaled, Md Islam, Ashraful Jamalipour, Abbas Independent University Bangladesh Department of Computer Science and Engineering Center for Computational and Data Sciences Dhaka1229 Bangladesh The University of Sydney School of Electrical and Computer Engineering SydneyNSW2006 Australia

Vehicular edge computing (VEC) allows vehicles to process part of the tasks locally at the network edge while offloading the rest of the tasks to a centralized cloud server for processing. A massive volume of tasks generated by the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) leads to buffer overflow that causes higher latency. Elevating latency, in turn, can increase network energy consumption. Both higher latency and energy consumption lead to a degradation of network performance. Therefore, VEC design requires a balance between latency and energy consumption tradeoff. To reduce overwhelming amount of offloading to edge servers, a cooperative cluster-based shared offloading strategy has been proposed in this work. We use digital twin technology in VEC for managing and adapting to environmental dynamic changes. Then, we leverage Lyapunov (Ly) optimization to transform the stochastic offloading problem into a more manageable deterministic form. Finally, we present a decentralized coordination graph (CG)-driven Ly-based multiagent deep deterministic policy gradient (CG-LyMADDPG) algorithm that trains agents toward energy efficient optimal offloading policy while maintaining queue stability at a maximum delay constraint. The experimental result shows that the proposed learning significantly outperforms the baseline algorithms for energy savings while maintain queue stability. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： Stochastic systems

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Quantum illumination with high-dimensional Bell states

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Physical Review A 2024年第5期110卷 L050603-L050603页

作者： Armanpreet Pannu Amr S. Helmy Hesham El Gamal The Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Toronto Toronto Canada M5S 3G4 School of Electrical and Information Engineering Faculty of Engineering The University of Sydney Sydney 2008 Australia

We propose a protocol in quantum illumination (QI) leveraging entanglement in discrete-variable states. Our investigation shows that, as M→∞, the M-mode Bell state matches the 6 dB advantage of the two-mode squeezed vacuum in high noise. It also excels in low- and mid-noise conditions, demonstrating that QI's benefits are not restricted to high background noise. Moreover, the protocol benefits from a sequential decision rule, increasing the advantage beyond 6 dB. These findings present an intriguing alternative to continuous-variable states and open different applications for QI using discrete-variable states.

关键词： Quantum sensing

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A new speaker-diarization technology with denoising spectral-LSTM for online automatic multi-dialogue recording

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2024年第15期83卷 45407-45422页

作者： Chan, Din Yuen Wang, Jhing-Fa Chin, Hsu-Ting Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Chiayi University Chiayi City Taiwan Department of Electrical Engineering National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan

In AI pandemic applications, the online automatic AI recording apparatus for official councils such as court trials, business conferences and commercial meetings will become imperative because it could let the opinion identification and consensus of participants be synchronically available to implicitly diminish social costs such as follow-up disputes and controversies. Hence, in this study, an automatic on-line multi-dialogue recording system is completely constructed, where the unbounded interleaved-state recurrent neural networks (UIS-RNN) with proposed crux improvements is exploited to achieve confident speaker-diarization. For keeping the systematic robustness, a denoising spectral-LSTM, which is precisely modified from the dual-signal transformation LSTM (DTLN), can strengthen its subsequent crux-improved UIS-RNN and automatic speech recognition (ASR). Finally, the MacBERT model is set to rectify the possible wrong words in conversed sentences according to the learned rational context. For making our system being a practical software apparatus in the use of unmarked multi-person councils, we have also completed the convenient interfaces for the operations of ASR and speaker-diarization, which can exhibit on-line denoising efficacy and speaker-diarization results as well as offer real-time hand-crafted rectifications to common users. In extensive experiments, the proposed recording system can promise high accuracy rates of online speaker diarization and speech-separated ASR. Our proposed system had been examined by the cooperated law court staffs, who offered the noise-embedded speeches of practical court field to test our system. Since the tight recording burden had been indeed noticeably alleviated in their legal-action councils, the court staffs had endorsed that the proposed entire system could be a friendly labor-saving AI apparatus for on-line automatic multi-dialogue recording. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media,

关键词： Audio recordings

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Securing Next-Generation Quantum IoT Applications using Quantum Key Distribution

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IEEE Internet of Things Magazine 2025年第1期8卷 50-56页

作者： Bera, Basudeb Das, Ashok Kumar Sikdar, Biplab The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore The International Institute of Information Technology Hyderabad India

The next generation of Quantum Internet of Things (QIoT) has the potential to revolutionize various sectors, including smart homes, healthcare, and smart cities, by enabling more sophisticated and interconnected systems. These applications incorporate advanced features, such as autonomous decision-making based on Quantum Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning (QAI/ML) and context-aware functionality. The security of the data in these applications relies on traditional cryptographic techniques, which, however, face a growing threat due to the significant advancements in quantum computing, especially with the Shor’s algorithm. This algorithm poses a substantial risk of breaking conventional cryptographic methods within a feasible timeframe. To address these emerging security challenges in the quantum realm, we propose a Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) based on the BB84 protocol. This approach aims to provide robust authentication using certificates through a classical channel and secure quantum key exchange via a quantum channel in a public environment. The proposed QKD scheme is implemented using a client-server model in Python and Qiskit, demonstrating its practicality in real-world applications. The obtained results showcase the successful establishment of a secure session key between IoT smart (sensor) devices and gateway nodes, effectively mitigating potential threats such as eavesdropping. © 2018 IEEE.

关键词： Smart homes

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Automatic real-word error correction in persian text

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Neural Computing and Applications 2024年第29期36卷 18125-18149页

作者： Dashti, Seyed Mohammad Sadegh Bardsiri, Amid Khatibi Shahbazzadeh, Mehdi Jafari Department of Computer Engineering Kerman Branch Islamic Azad University Kerman Iran Department of Electrical Engineering Kerman Branch Islamic Azad University Kerman Iran

Automatic spelling correction stands as a pivotal challenge within the ambit of natural language processing (NLP), demanding nuanced solutions. Traditional spelling correction techniques are typically only capable of detecting and correcting non-word errors, such as typos and misspellings. However, context-sensitive errors, also known as real-word errors, are more challenging to detect because they are valid words that are used incorrectly in a given context. The Persian language, characterized by its rich morphology and complex syntax, presents formidable challenges to automatic spelling correction systems. Furthermore, the limited availability of Persian language resources makes it difficult to train effective spelling correction models. This paper introduces a cutting-edge approach for precise and efficient real-word error correction in Persian text. Our methodology adopts a structured, multi-tiered approach, employing semantic analysis, feature selection, and advanced classifiers to enhance error detection and correction efficacy. The innovative architecture discovers and stores semantic similarities between words and phrases in Persian text. The classifiers accurately identify real-word errors, while the semantic ranking algorithm determines the most probable corrections for real-word errors, taking into account specific spelling correction and context properties such as context, semantic similarity, and edit-distance measures. Evaluations have demonstrated that our proposed method surpasses previous Persian real-word error correction models. Our method achieves an impressive F-measure of 96.6% in the detection phase and an accuracy of 99.1% in the correction phase. These results clearly indicate that our approach is a highly promising solution for automatic real-word error correction in Persian text. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Error correction

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Multi-Channel Analog Beamforming Transceiver for mmWave Communications

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IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing 2025年第7期24卷 6106-6118页

作者： Zhao, Haotian Entesari, Kamran Hoyos, Sebastian Texas A&M University Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering College StationTX77843 United States

This paper introduces an analog multi-channel millimeter-wave transceiver architecture that offers advantages in terms of low hardware complexity and computational efficiency compared to digital beamforming and hybrid beamforming techniques. Also, it is known that analog beamforming with a single phase-shifter network faces limitations in maintaining consistent accuracy across a wideband spectrum. To this end, the proposed architecture leverages the inherent bandwidth-splitting property of the multi-channel transceiver. Thus, each sub-band signal is processed by its corresponding channel in the transceiver with an independent analog beamformer per channel. This approach can significantly improve the beamforming accuracy in a wideband communication system such as 5G and future 6G cellular networks. The simulation results demonstrate that increasing the channels in the multi-channel transceiver enables multi-channel analog beamforming to achieve a comparable bit-error-rate (BER) performance to digital beamforming when interference is not considered. Moreover, when interference is present, the proposed multi-channel analog beamforming exhibits enhanced resilience to high power interference compared with digital beamforming with limited analog-to-digital conversion resolution. © 2002-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Bit error rate

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Spatial Acoustic Loudspeaker Measurements With a Moving Microphone

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AES: Journal of the Audio engineering Society 2025年第1-2期73卷 24-42页

作者： Herzog, Stephan Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Digital Signal Processing Group RPTU University Kaiserslautern Landau Kaiserslautern Germany

Acoustic loudspeaker measurements are an essential aspect in loudspeaker development and design. Established setups usually require acoustic measurement rooms or chambers where the speaker under test has to be installed for conducting the tests. Furthermore, typical spatial measurements require that the speaker has to be rotated on one or two axes. In addition to the traditional approach, there are different methods that use near-field measurements where the microphone is usually moved and the loudspeaker remains at a fixed position. Both techniques commonly make measurements at discrete points or angles in the spatial domain. In this article, the idea of making impulse response measurements in the near-field while the microphone is in movement is proposed and described. This approach leads to much faster results that can be comparable to the results of fixed-point measurements. The focus here is on the properties and the resulting processing of appropriate test signals and on the experimental verification of the method. This method will be applied to the measurement of line arrays, where directivity is of high interest, but it can also be used for other loudspeaker configurations. © 2025 Audio engineering Society. All rights reserved.

关键词： Strain measurement

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Pixel-Wise Localization of Concealed Objects on Millimeter-Wave Radar Images Using Deep Learning

IEEE Transactions on Radar Systems

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IEEE Transactions on Radar Systems 2024年 2卷 1027-1035页

作者： Asri, Mahshid Chowdhury, Rahul Care, Allison Lamptey, David Femi Morgenthaler, Ann Camps, Octavia Rappaport, Carey M. Northeastern University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering BostonMA02115 United States Northeastern University Department of Electrical Engineering BostonMA02115 United States

Automatic detection and localization of anomalies on radar images of personnel taken at the airport security checkpoints is a necessary step of having an end-to-end automatic threat detection algorithm. This paper presents two deep learning based solutions for pixel-wise localization of body-worn anomalies. The trained 2D and semi-supervised U-Net models can accurately detect and localize foreign objects on all body regions by producing anomaly and body masks for each input radar image. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Semantic Segmentation

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