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A Minimum Delay Routing Algorithm Using Distributed Computation

IEEE Transactions on Communications 1977年第1期25卷 73-85页

作者： Gallager, Robert G. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Electronic Systems Laboratory Research Laboratory for Electronics Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 United States

An algorithm is defined for establishing routing tables in the individual nodes of a data network. The routing table at a node i specifies, for each other node j, what fraction of the traffic destined for node j should leave node i on each of the links emanating from node i. The algorithm is applied independently at each node and successively updates the routing table at that node based on information communicated between adjacent nodes about the marginal delay to each destination. For stationary input traffic statistics, the average delay per message through the network converges, with successive updates of the routing tables, to the minimum average delay over all routing assignments. The algorithm has the additional property that the traffic to each destination is guaranteed to be loop free at each iteration of the algorithm. In addition, a new global convergence theorem for non-continuous iteration algorithms is developed. Copyright © 1977 by The Institute of electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.

关键词： Delay Routing Distributed computing Telecommunication traffic Traffic control Data communication Telemetry Surveillance Automatic control Communication system control

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A Necessary and Sufficient Condition for Quantization Errors to be Uniform and White

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IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing 1977年第5期25卷 442-448页

作者： Sripad, Anekal B. Department of Systems Science and Mathematics Washington University St. Louis MO 63130 United States Department of Electrical Engineering and the Biomedical Computer Laboratory Washington University St. Louis MO 63130 United States

In this paper, a necessary and sufficient condition is given to model the output of a quantizer as an infinite-precision input and an additive, uniform, white noise. The statistical properties of the quantization error are studied, and a detailed analysis for Gaussian distributed inputs is given. Copyright © 1977 by The Institute of electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.

关键词： Sufficient conditions Quantization Random variables Stochastic resonance Additive noise Error analysis Additive white noise White noise Digital filters

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Time-varying parametric modeling of speech

Time-varying parametric modeling of speech

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IEEE Conference on Decision and Control

作者： Mark Hall Alan V. Oppenheim Alan Willsky Naval Surface Weapons Center Dahlgren VA USA Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Research Laboratory of Electronics Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Electronic Systems Laboratory Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA

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Comment on the Sequential and Indeterminate Behavior of an End-Around-Carry Adder

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IEEE Transactions on computers 1977年第3期C-26卷 271-272页

作者： Shedletsky IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center Yorktown Heights NY USA Digital Systems Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Stanford Stanford CA USA

The sequential and indeterminate behavior of an end-around-carry (EAC) adder is examined. This behavior is commonly overlooked in the literature. Design modifications to impose determinism are provided. These modifica... 详细信息

关键词： End Around Carry EAC Adder Negative Zero Ones Complement Arithmetic

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Abstracts

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Environmental Management 1977年第1期1卷 67-96页

作者： Frankenfeld, John W. Schulz, Wolfgang McMurty, George J. Petersen, Gary W. May, G. A. Hering, F. S. Schwartz, J. I. Heywood, J. B. Chigier, N. A. Grohse, E. W. Walker, J. D. Colwell, R. R. Petrakis, L. Pergament, H. S. Thorpe, R. D. Schoepf, Richard W. Krzyczkowski, Roman Henneman, Suzanne S. Hudson, Charles L. Putnam, Evelyn S. Thiesen, Donna J. Parks, G. A. McCarty, Perry L. Leckie, J. O. Schrumpf, Barry J. Simonson, G. H. Paine, D. P. Lawrence, R. D. Pyott, W. T. Leh, M. Elders, W. Combs, J. Caplen, T. Harrison, F. L. Wong, K. M. Heft., R. E. Charnell, Robert L. Lehmann, Edward J. Mallon, Lawrence G. Hatfield, Cecile Adams, Gerald H. Johanning, James Talvitie, Antti Noll, Kenneth E. Miller, Terry Smiarowski, Joseph F. Willis, Cleve E. Foster, John H. Schlesinger, Benjamin Daetz, Douglas Lear, Donald U. Smith, Mona F. Hundemann, Audrey S. Crockett, Pernell W. Werner, Kirk G. Carroll, Thomas E. Maase, David L. Genco, Joseph E. Ifeadi, Christopher N. Lowman, F. G. Christensen, S. W. Van Winkle, W. Mattice, J. S. Harrison, Elizabeth A. Barker, James C. Chesness, Jerry L. Smith, Ralph E. Shaheeen, Donald G. Raney, R. Keith Borton, T. Wezernak, C. T. Raney, R. K. Sherwani, Jabbor K. Moreau, David H. Eisenberg, Norman A. Lynch, Cornelius J. Breeding, Roger J. Johnson, J. D. Foster, K. E. Mouat, D. A. Clark, R. Hyden, John William Owen, Wilfred Bayfield, Neil G. Barrow, Graham C. Stolz, Stephanie B. Wienckowski, Louis A. Brown, Betram S. Keyfitz, Nathan Wilson, W. L. Newman, Peter W. G. Bammi, Deepak Bammi, Dalip Goddard, James E. Chisholm, Tony Walsh, Cliff Brennan, Geoffrey Thompson, K. S. Richardson, R. Jensen, Clayton E. Brown, Dail W. Mirabito, John A. Cowing, Thomas G. Binghamton, Suny Siehl, George H. Albrecht, O. W. Alexander, Ariel Barde, Jean -Philippe Darby, William P. McMichael, Francis Clay Dunlap, Robert W. Muckleston, Keith W. Frankenhoff, Charles A. Giulini, Lorenzo T. Wyatt, T. Black, Peter E. Keating, William Thomas Leonard, M. E. Fisher, E. L. Brunelle, M. F. Dickinson, J. E. Pethig, Rudiger Clapham Exxon Research & Engineering Co. Linden Government Research Lab Coast Guard Washington D.C. Department of Transportation Washington D.C. Office For Remote Sensing of Earth Resources. NASA Earth Resources Survey Program Pennsylvania State University Washington D.C. Department of the Navy Washington D.C. Cambridge. Dept. of Mechanical Engineering Massachusetts Inst. of Technology USA Huntsville. School of Graduate Studies and Research Alabama Univ. USA Dept. of Microbiology. Office of Naval Research Maryland Univ. Arlington Research and Development Co. Pittsburgh AeroChem Research Labs. Inc. Princeton Dept. of the Interior Office of Library Services. Bibliographic Series (Final) Washington D.C. Interplan Corp. Santa Barbara Urban Mass Transportation Adm. Washington D.C. Naval Underwater Systems Center Newport Calif. Mercury Project. National Science Found Stanford Univ Washington D.C. Div. of Advanced Environmental Research & Tech. USA Corvallis. NASA Earth Resources Survey Program Oregon State Univ. Washington D.C. Riverside. Inst. of Geophysics and Planetary Physics National Science Foundation California Univ. Washington D.C. Livermore Lawrence Livermore Lab. California Univ. USA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Labs. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Miami National Technical Information Service Springfield Miami Univ. Coral Gables School of Law National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Rockville National Academy of Sciences Office of Sea Grant Washington D. C. School of Law National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Office of Sea Grant. Rockville Norman. Dept. of Civil Engineering and Environmental Science. Urban Mass Transportation Administration Oklahoma Univ. Washington D. C. Knoxville.Dept. of Civil Engineering. Federal Highway Administration Tennessee Univ. Washington D. C. Amherst.Water Resources Research Center. Office of Water Research and Technology Massachusetts Univ. Washington D. C. Calif. Dept. of Industria

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The Generalized Correlation Method for Estimation of Time Delay

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IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing 1976年第4期24卷 320-327页

作者： Knapp, Charles H. Carter, G. Clifford Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Connecticut Storrs CT 06268 United States Naval Underwater Systems Center New London Laboratory New London CT 06320 United States

A maximum likelihood (ML) estimator is developed for determining time delay between signals received at two spatially separated sensors in the presence of uncorrelated noise. This ML estimator can be realized as a pair of receiver prefilteis followed by a cross correlator. The time argument at which the correlator achieves a maximum is the delay estimate. The ML estimator is compared with several other proposed processors of similar form. Under certain conditions the ML estimator is shown to be identical to one proposed by Hannan and Thomson [10] and MacDonald and Schultheiss [21]. Qualitatively, the role of the prefilters is to accentuate the signal passed to the correlator at frequencies for which the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio is highest and, simultaneously, to suppress the noise power. The same type of prefiltering is provided by the generalized Eckart filter, which maximizes the S/N ratio of the correlator output. For low S/N ratio, the ML estimator is shown to be equivalent to Eckart prefiltering. Copyright © 1976 by The Institute of electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.

关键词： Correlation Delay estimation Delay effects Maximum likelihood estimation Correlators Propagation delay Frequency Signal to noise ratio Signal processing Mathematical model

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Theory for electrooptical grating modulators

Theory for electrooptical grating modulators

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1976 IEEE-MTT-S International Microwave Symposium, IMS 1976

作者： Chu, R.S. Kong, J.A. Lee, D.L. Communication Systems Division GTE Sylvania Inc. NeedhamMA02194 United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Research Laboratory of Electronics Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States

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An example of an infinite dimensional filtering problem: Filtering for gyroscopic noise

An example of an infinite dimensional filtering problem: Fil...

引用

IEEE Conference on Decision and Control

作者： L. Horowitz S. K. Mitter Lincoln Laboratory Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA Electronic Systems Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA

An infinite-dimensional model is given for the generation of gyroscopic noise, which exhibits power spectral density proportional to (1/f) over a wide frequency range. The optimal filter is given for separating a statistically described signal form additive gyroscopic noise, using discrete-time observations. This filter is expressed as a discrete-time infinite-dimensional Kalman-Bucy filter, with an associated Riccati covariance operator equation. Sufficient conditions are specified such that this Kalman-Bucy filter will possess various desired properties.

关键词： Filtering Riccati equations Gyroscopes Noise generators Magnetic noise Laboratories Kalman filters Power generation Frequency Additive noise

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Stability of interconnected systems

Stability of interconnected systems

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IEEE Conference on Decision and Control

作者： M. Athans N. Sandell P. Varaiya Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA Electronics Systems Laboratory and Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA Electronics research Laboratory and the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences University of California Berkeley CA USA

This is an elementary survey of recent work analyzing the stability of interconnected systems. The points of view used to organize the survey are: computational complexity, methods of analysis, the implication of the analysis for model simplication, and applicability to power systems. A fairly comprehensive bibliography is appended. Some suggestions for research are given.

关键词： Stability Interconnected systems Equations Laboratories Bibliographies White noise Symmetric matrices Lyapunov method

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An Algorithm for the Accurate Reliability Evaluation of Triple Modular Redundancy Networks

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IEEE Transactions on computers 1974年第7期C-23卷 682-692页

作者： Abraham, Jacob A. Siewiorek, Daniel P. Digital Systems Laboratory Stanford University Stanford. Calif. United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Carnegie-Mellon University Pittsburgh Pa. United States

There are several instances where the classical method of triple-modular redundancy (TMR) reliability modeling may provide predictions which are inadequate. It is shown that for even simple networks such as those exhibiting fan-in and fan-out, classical methods may predict a reliability that is higher than or lower than the actual reliability. Furthermore, the classical method gives no hint as to whether the predicted number is high or low. As a solution to this problem, a method of partitioning an arbitrary network into cells such that faults in a cell are independent of faults in other cells is proposed. An algorithm is then given to calculate the reliability of any such cell, by considering only the structure of the interconnections within the cells. The value of the reliability found is exact if TMR is assumed to be a coherent system. An approximation to the algorithm is also described;this can be used to find a lower bound to the reliability without extensive calculation. Copyright © 1974 by The Institute of electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.

关键词： Coherent System N Tuple Modular Redundancy Reliability Modeling Serial Cell Triple Modular Redundancy TMR

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