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Renewable Biodiesel Production from Oleaginous Yeast Biomass Using Industrial Wastes

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Renewable Biodiesel Production from Oleaginous Yeast Biomass...

2019 Research, Invention, and Innovation Congress, RI2C 2019

作者： Kongruang, Sasithorn Roytrakul, Sittiruk Sriariyanun, Malinee Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Center Department of Biotechnology Faculty of Applied Science King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok Bangkok Thailand Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering King Mongkut' S University of Technology North Bangkok Bangkok Thailand Chemical and Process Engineering Program Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok Bangkok Thailand

The accumulation lipid from oleaginous microorganisms is recognized as a second generation fuel. Biooil is known to as intracellular product of oily yeast utilizing various carbon substrates and converting different quantities of lipids in the form of triacylglycerols. This second generation fuel can be used to make biodiesel via a transesterification process. This study investigated the morphological characteristics of eight strains of Thai oleaginous yeasts via microscopy and analyzed the fatty acid profiling of yeasts cultured in three carbon sources: glucose, sugar cane molasses and crude glycerol in order to estimate biodiesel properties. To approach this goal, batch fermentations were used to culture eight yeast strains, Rhodosporidium toruloides TISTR 5123, TISTR 5154, TISTR 5149, Yarrowia lipolytica TISTR 5054, TISTR 5151, TISTR 5621, Rhodotorula glutinis TISTR 5159 and Rhodotorula graminis TISTR 5124 for 96 h under 30°C at 250 rpm. Result revealed that eight yeast strains contained significant amounts of fatty acids and lipids and accumulated mainly palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0), oleic acid (C 18:1) and linoleic acid (C18:2), and they are suitable for the production of biodiesel. Fatty acid productions and profiles indicated that these yeast strains can be potentially used as the triacylglycerols producers for biodiesel production. © 2020 The Authors, published by EDP sciences.

关键词： Lipids

Spatiotemporal dilated convolution with uncertain matching for video-based crowd estimation

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Ma, Yu-Jen Shuai, Hong-Han Cheng, Wen-Huang Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan Institute of Electronics National Chiao Tung Univresity Hsinchu300 Taiwan Artificial Intelligence and Data Science Program National Chung Hsing University Taichung400 Taiwan

In this paper, we propose a novel SpatioTemporal convolutional Dense Network (STDNet) to address the video-based crowd counting problem, which contains the decomposition of 3D convolution and the 3D spatiotemporal dilated dense convolution to alleviate the rapid growth of the model size caused by the Conv3D layer. Moreover, since the dilated convolution extracts the multiscale features, we combine the dilated convolution with the channel attention block to enhance the feature representations. Due to the error that occurs from the difficulty of labeling crowds, especially for videos, imprecise or standard-inconsistent labels may lead to poor convergence for the model. To address this issue, we further propose a new patch-wise regression loss (PRL) to improve the original pixel-wise loss. Experimental results on three video-based benchmarks, i.e., the UCSD, Mall and WorldExpo’10 datasets, show that STDNet outperforms both image- and video-based state-of-the-art methods. The source codes are released at https://***/STDNet/STDNet. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Convolution

Quantitative and Ultrasensitive In-situ Immunoassay Technology for SARS-CoV-2 Detection in Saliva

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Research Square

Research Square 2021年 rs3rs-138025页

作者： Lee, Luke P. Liu, Fei Chen, Yuchao Roma, Gianluca WellSIM Biomedical Technologies Inc. Illumina Accelerator 200 Lincoln Centre Dr Foster CityCA United States Department of Medicine Brigham and Women’s Hospital Harvard Medical School BostonMA United States Department of Bioengineering Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of California at Berkeley BerkeleyCA United States

The COVID-19 pandemic has become an immense global health crisis. However, the lack of efficient and sensitive on-site testing methods limits early detection for timely isolation and intervention. Here, we present a Quantitative and Ultrasensitive in-situ Immunoassay Technology for SARS-CoV-2 detection in saliva (QUIT SARS-CoV-2). Our nanoporous membrane resonator generates a rapid oscillating flow to purify and concentrate SARSCoV-2 virus in saliva by 40 folds for in-situ detection of viral antigens based on chemiluminescent immunoassay within 20 min. This method achieved a detection sensitivity below 100 copies/mL viral load, comparable to the bench-top PCR equipment. The portable QUIT SARS-CoV-2 system, allowing rapid and accurate on-site viral screen with high-throughput sample pooling strategy, can be performed at the primary care settings and substantially improve the detection and prevention of COVID-19. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Coronavirus

Isolation of small extracellular vesicles from a drop of plasma via EXODUS and their fingerprint proteomics profiling by MALDI-TOF MS

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Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X 2022年 10卷

作者： Ye, Wen Pan, Reguang Shi, Ke-Qing Li, Hui-Ping Lee, Luke P. Liu, Fei The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University WenzhouZhejiang325035 China Eye Hospital School of Ophthalmology & Optometry School of Biomedical Engineering Wenzhou Medical University WenzhouZhejiang325035 China The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital Wenzhou Medical University WenzhouZhejiang325035 China Wenzhou Institute University of Chinese Academy of Sciences WenzhouZhejiang325001 China Renal Division and Division of Engineering in Medicine Department of Medicine Brigham Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School BostonMA United States Department of Bioengineering Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of California at Berkeley BerkeleyCA United States Institute of Quantum Biophysics Department of Biophysics Sungkyunkwan University Suwon Korea Republic of

Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) in blood have emerged as the most promising biomarkers for clinical diagnostics and prognostics. However, isolation and identification of intact sEVs from blood are the major obstacles for basic research and clinical translations. Here, we report rapid isolation and sensitive detection of plasma sEVs by an integrative platform of sEV detection via the ultrafast-isolation system (EXODUS) and the matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). We can achieve label-free isolation of sEVs with relatively high recovery and purity by the EXODUS purification method from 20 μL of plasma, which was compared with polyethylene glycol-based precipitation and ultracentrifugation methods. We have profiled the fingerprints of the intact sEVs isolated from the different volumes of plasma using MALDI-TOF MS within 1 h. Further, we have evaluated the reproducibility and identified the metabolomic biomarkers of plasma sEVs via LC-ESI-MS/MS. We believe the combination of rapid EXODUS isolation and MALDI-TOF MS detection may serve as a clinical translation method for fast and high-throughput biomarker detection and screening. © 2021

关键词： Biomarkers

Geometric transformation and three-dimensional hopping of Hopf solitons

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Tai, Jung-Shen B. Wu, Jin-Sheng Smalyukh, Ivan I. Department of Physics and Chemical Physics Program University of Colorado BoulderCO80309 United States Department of Electrical Computer and Energy Engineering Materials Science and Engineering Program Soft Materials Research Center University of Colorado BoulderCO80309 United States Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute National Renewable Energy Laboratory University of Colorado BoulderCO80309 United States

Three-dimensional (3D) topological solitons are marvels of mathematical physics that arise in theoretical models in elementary particle and nuclear physics, condensed matter, and cosmology. A particularly interesting type of them is described by the mathematical Hopf map from a hypersphere to an ordinary sphere, which in the physical 3D space exhibits inter-linked circle-like or knotted localized regions of constant order parameter values. Despite their prevalence in models, such solitons remained experimentally elusive until recently, when hopfions were discovered in colloids and chiral liquid crystals, whereas the so-called "heliknotons" were found both individually and within triclinic 3D lattices while smoothly embedded in a helical background of chiral liquid crystals. Constrained by mathematical theorems, stability of these fragile 3D excitations is thought to rely on a delicate interplay of competing free energy contributions, requiring applied fields or confinement and impeding their practical utility. Here we describe such 3D solitons in a material system where no applied fields or confinement are required for stability. Nevertheless, electric fields allow for inter-transforming heliknotons and hopfions to each other, as well as for 3D hopping-like dynamics arising from nonreciprocal evolution of the molecular alignment field in response to electric pulses. Stability of these solitons both in and out of equilibrium can be enhanced by tuning anisotropy of parameters that describe energetic costs of gradient components in the field, which is implemented through varying chemical composition of liquid crystal mixtures. Numerical modelling reproduces fine details of both the equilibrium structure and Hof-index-preserving out-of-equilibrium evolution of the molecular alignment field during switching and motions. Our findings may enable myriads of solitonic condensed matter phases and active matter systems, as well as their technological applications. © 2021, CC B

关键词： Solitons

Torsional periodic lattice distortions and diffraction of twisted 2D materials

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Sung, Suk Hyun Goh, Yin Min Yoo, Hyobin Engelke, Rebecca Xie, Hongchao Zhang, Kuan Li, Zidong Ye, Andrew Deotare, Parag B. Tadmor, Ellad B. Mannix, Andrew J. Park, Jiwoong Zhao, Liuyan Kim, Philip Hovden, Robert Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109 United States Department of Physics University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109 United States Department of Physics Sogang University Seoul04107 Korea Republic of Department of Physics Harvard University CambridgeMA02138 United States Aerospace Engineering and Mechanics University of Minnesota MinneapolisMN55455 United States Electrical and Computer Engineering Department University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109 United States Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering University of Chicago ChicagoIL60637 United States Applied Physics Program University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering Stanford University StanfordCA94305 United States Department of Chemistry University of Chicago ChicagoIL60637 United States

Twisted 2D materials form complex moiré structures that spontaneously reduce symmetry through picoscale deformation within a mesoscale lattice. We show twisted 2D materials contain a torsional displacement field comprised of three transverse periodic lattice distortions (PLD). The torsional PLD amplitude provides a single order parameter that concisely describes the structural complexity of twisted bilayer moirés. Moreover, the structure and amplitude of a torsional periodic lattice distortion is quantifiable using rudimentary electron diffraction methods sensitive to reciprocal space. In twisted bilayer graphene, the torsional PLD begins to form at angles below 3.89° and the amplitude reaches 8 pm around the magic angle of 1. 1°. At extremely low twist angles (e.g. below 0.25°) the amplitude increases and additional PLD harmonics arise to expand Bernal stacked domains separated by well defined solitonic boundaries. The torsional distortion field in twisted bilayer graphene is analytically described and has an upper bound of 22.6 pm. Similar torsional distortions are observed in twisted WS2, CrI3, and WSe2/MoSe2 © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Graphene

Hydrogenated SnO for p-channel oxide thin film transistor 57th

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Hydrogenated SnO for p-channel oxide thin film transistor

57th SID International Symposium, Seminar and Exhibition, Display Week, 2020

作者： Lee, Alex Wootae Matsuzaki, Kosuke Nomura, Kenji Materials Science and Engineering program University of California San Diego La JollaCA92092 United States Materials and Structures Laboratory Tokyo Institute of Technology Nagatsuta Midori-ku Yokohama226-8503 Japan Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California San Diego La JollaCA92092 United States

Subgap defect termination for p-type Tin monoxide (SnO) is developed with thermal annealing in hydrogen ambient for p-channel oxide thin-film transistor (TFT). High-performance p-channel oxide TFT with the TFT mobility of ~1.4-1.8 cm2/Vs and large on-to-off current as large as 105 was demonstrated. Hydrogen-containing annealing also maintains SnO phase stable up to 390 °C and effectively reduces the subgap defect, which offer the improvement in TFT characteristics. © 2020 SID.

关键词： Tin oxides

Low-frequency electronic noise spectroscopy of quasi-2D van der Waals antiferromagnetic semiconductors

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Ghosh, Subhajit Kargar, Fariborz Mohammadzadeh, Amirmahdi Rumyantsev, Sergey Balandin, Alexander A. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Bourns College of Engineering University of California RiversideCA92521 United States Centera Laboratories Institute of High-Pressure Physics Polish Academy of Sciences Warsaw01-142 Poland Center Materials Science and Engineering Program University of California RiversideCA92521 United States

We investigated low-frequency current fluctuations, i.e. noise, in the quasi-two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals antiferromagnetic semiconductor FePS3 with the electronic bandgap of 1.5 eV. The electrical and noise characteristics of the p-type, highly resistive, thin films of FePS3 were measured at different temperatures. The noise spectral density was of the 1/f-type over most of the examined temperature range but revealed well-defined Lorentzian bulges, and increased strongly near the Néel temperature TN=118 K (f is the frequency). Intriguingly, the noise spectral density attained its minimum at temperature T~200 K, which was attributed to an interplay of two opposite trends in noise scaling - one for semiconductors and another for materials with the phase transitions. The Lorentzian corner frequencies revealed unusual dependence on temperature and bias voltage, suggesting that their origin is different from the generation - recombination noise in conventional semiconductors. The obtained results are important for proposed applications of antiferromagnetic semiconductors in spintronic devices. They also attest to the power of the noise spectroscopy for monitoring various phase transitions. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Spectral density

Observation of the dual quantum spin Hall insulator by density-tuned correlations in a van der Waals monolayer

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Tang, Jian Ding, Thomas Siyuan Chen, Hongyu Gao, Anyuan Qian, Tiema Huang, Zumeng Sun, Zhe Han, Xin Strasser, Alex Li, Jiangxu Geiwitz, Michael Shehabeldin, Mohamed Belosevich, Vsevolod Wang, Zihan Wang, Yiping Watanabe, Kenji Taniguchi, Takashi Bell, David C. Wang, Ziqiang Fu, Liang Zhang, Yang Qian, Xiaofeng Burch, Kenneth S. Shi, Youguo Ni, Ni Chang, Guoqing Xu, Su-Yang Ma, Qiong Department of Physics Boston College Chestnut HillMA United States Division of Physics and Applied Physics School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore Singapore Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Harvard University CambridgeMA United States Department of Physics and Astronomy and California NanoSystems Institute University of California Los Angeles Los AngelesCA United States Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Department of Materials Science and Engineering Texas A&M University College StationTX United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Tennessee KnoxvilleTN United States Min H. Kao Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Tennessee KnoxvilleTN United States Research Center for Electronic and Optical Materials National Institute for Materials Science Tsukuba Japan Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics National Institute for Materials Science Tsukuba Japan Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences The Center for Nanoscale system Harvard University CambridgeMA United States Department of Physics Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA United States CIFAR Azrieli Global Scholars program CIFAR Toronto Canada

The convergence of topology and correlations represents a highly coveted realm in the pursuit of novel quantum states of matter [1, 2]. Introducing electron correlations to a quantum spin Hall (QSH) insulator can lead to the emergence of a fractional topological insulator and other exotic time-reversal-symmetric topological order [3- 10], not possible in quantum Hall and Chern insulator systems. However, the QSH insulator with quantized edge conductance remains rare, let alone that with significant correlations. In this work, we report a novel dual QSH insulator within the intrinsic monolayer crystal of TaIrTe4, arising from the interplay of its single-particle topology and density-tuned electron correlations. At charge neutrality, monolayer TaIrTe4 demonstrates the QSH insulator that aligns with single-particle band structure calculations, manifesting enhanced nonlocal transport and quantized helical edge conductance. Interestingly, upon introducing electrons from charge neutrality, TaIrTe4 only shows metallic behavior in a small range of charge densities but quickly goes into a new insulating state, entirely unexpected based on TaIrTe4's single-particle band structure. This insulating state could arise from a strong electronic instability near the van Hove singularities (VHS), likely leading to a charge density wave (CDW). Remarkably, within this correlated insulating gap, we observe a resurgence of the QSH state, marked by the revival of nonlocal transport and quantized helical edge conduction. Our observation of helical edge conduction in a CDW gap could bridge spin physics and charge orders. The discovery of a dual QSH insulator introduces a new method for creating topological flat minibands via CDW superlattices, which offer a promising platform for exploring time-reversal-symmetric fractional phases and electromagnetism [3-5, 11, 12]. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Charge density waves