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arXiv 2021年

作者： Campbell, Kristen M. Dai, Haocheng Su, Zhe Bauer, Martin Fletcher, P. Thomas Joshi, Sarang C. Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute University of Utah Salt Lake CityUT United States School of Computing University of Utah Salt Lake CityUT United States Department of Neurology University of California Los Angeles Los AngelesCA United States Department of Mathematics Florida State University TallahasseeFL United States Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering University of Virginia CharlottesvilleVA United States Department of Computer Science University of Virginia CharlottesvilleVA United States Department of Bioengineering University of Utah Salt Lake CityUT United States

The structural network of the brain, or structural connectome, can be represented by fiber bundles generated by a variety of tractography methods. While such methods give qualitative insights into brain structure, there is controversy over whether they can provide quantitative information, especially at the population level. In order to enable population-level statistical analysis of the structural connectome, we propose representing a connectome as a Riemannian metric, which is a point on an infinite-dimensional manifold. We equip this manifold with the Ebin metric, a natural metric structure for this space, to get a Riemannian manifold along with its associated geometric properties. We then use this Riemannian framework to apply object-oriented statistical analysis to define an atlas as the Fréchet mean of a population of Riemannian metrics. This formulation ties into the existing framework for diffeomorphic construction of image atlases, allowing us to construct a multimodal atlas by simultaneously integrating complementary white matter structure details from DWMRI and cortical details from T1-weighted MRI. We illustrate our framework with 2D data examples of connectome registration and atlas formation. Finally, we build an example 3D multimodal atlas using T1 images and connectomes derived from diffusion tensors estimated from a subset of subjects from the Human Connectome Project. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Magnetic resonance imaging

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Fluorescent nanodiamonds for characterization of nonlinear microscopy systems

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Photonics Research 2021年第12期9卷 2309-2318页

作者： MANTASŽURAUSKAS ANEESH ALEX JAENA PARK STEVE RHOOD STEPHEN A.BOPPART Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaIllinois 61801USA GSK Center for Optical Molecular Imaging University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaIllinois 61801USA GlaxoSmithKline CollegevillePennsylvania 19426USA GlaxoSmithKline StevenageHertfordshire SG12NYUK Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaIllinois 61801USA Department of Bioengineering University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaIllinois 61801USA Cancer Center at Illinois University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaIllinois 61801USA Carle Illinois College of Medicine University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaIllinois 61801USA

Characterizing the performance of fluorescence microscopy and nonlinear imaging systems is an essential step required for imaging system optimization and quality control during longitudinal experiments. Emerging multimodal nonlinear imaging techniques require a new generation of microscopy calibration targets that are not susceptible to bleaching and can provide a contrast across the multiple modalities. Here, we present a nanodiamond-based calibration target for microscopy, designed for facilitating reproducible measurements at the object plane. The target is designed to support day-to-day instrumentation development efforts in microscopy laboratories. The images of a phantom contain information about the imaging performance of a microscopy system across multiple spectral windows and modalities. Since fluorescent nanodiamonds are not prone to bleaching, the proposed imaging target can serve as a standard, shelf-stable sample to provide rapid reference measurements for ensuring consistent performance of microscopy systems in microscopy laboratories and imaging facilities.

关键词： nonlinear system diamond

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Multi-label learning embedding approach based on multi-temporal spectral signature for hyperspectral images classification

Multi-label learning embedding approach based on multi-tempo...

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International Conference on Advanced Technologies for Signal and Image Processing (ATSIP)

作者： Selim Hemissi Abdullah Alhumaidi Alotaibi Sattam Alotaibi RIADI laboratory University of Manouba Tunisia Taif University KSA Computer Science program Turabah univeristy college Taif Saudi Arabia Department of Electrical Engineering Taif University Saudi Arabia

ISBN: (数字)9781728175133

ISBN: (纸本)9781728175140

Currently, Hyperspectral signal processing is a crucial area of research. Respectively, various techniques have been investigated to apprehend features combination and multi-label classification issues. Indeed, significant consideration has been given to approaches supporting the use of a single type of features. Moreover, few efforts have been dedicated to model the multi-label aspect of hyperspectral pixels and to integrate simultaneously divergent kinds of interdependent features. In this paper, we propose a novel embedding multi-label learning approach integrating complementary weighted features. The proposed framework combines the singular statistical characteristics of each feature to accomplish a physically meaningful cooperative low-dimensional representation of extracted features. This will grant, in one hand, the refinement of classification process and the propagation of narrow class information to unlabeled sample, in the other hand, when only partial labeling knowledge is available. This paper makes the following contributions: (i) the extraction of multi-view features based on the 3D model of the spectral signature and (ii) an embedding multi-label based approach by better tackling unbalanced and dimensionality issues. A set of complementary spatial/spectral features is extracted in the experimental section from a series of hyperspectral images. The obtained results reflect the efficiency of the proposed classification schema while maintaining a reasonable computational complexity.

关键词： Feature extraction Three-dimensional displays Solid modeling Hyperspectral imaging Computational modeling Shape Data models

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Cyclotetrabenzil Derivatives for Electrochemical Lithium-Ion Storage

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Angewandte Chemie 2023年第29期135卷

作者： Jianing Meng Dr. Alexandra Robles Dr. Said Jalife Wen Ren Ye Zhang Dr. Lihong Zhao Dr. Yanliang Liang Prof. Dr. Judy I. Wu Prof. Dr. Ognjen Š. Miljanić Prof. Dr. Yan Yao Department of Chemistry University of Houston 3585 Cullen Blvd. Houston TX-77204-5003 USA Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Houston Houston TX-77204-4004 USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering Program University of Houston Houston TX-77204 USA Texas Center for Superconductivity at the University of Houston University of Houston Houston TX-77204 USA

Organic electrode materials could revolutionize batteries because of their high energy densities, the use of Earth-abundant elements, and structural diversity which allows fine-tuning of electrochemical properties. However, small organic molecules and intermediates formed during their redox cycling in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have high solubility in organic electrolytes, leading to rapid decay of cycling performance. We report the use of three cyclotetrabenzil octaketone macrocycles as cathode materials for LIBs. The rigid and insoluble naphthalene-based cyclotetrabenzil reversibly accepts eight electrons in a two-step process with a specific capacity of 279 mAh g −1 and a stable cycling performance with ≈65 % capacity retention after 135 cycles. DFT calculations indicate that its reduction increases both ring strain and ring rigidity, as demonstrated by computed high distortion energies, repulsive regions in NCI plots, and close [C⋅⋅⋅C] contacts between the naphthalenes. This work highlights the importance of shape-persistency and ring strain in the design of redox-active macrocycles that maintain very low solubility in various redox states.

关键词： Cyclotetrabenzil Lithium-Ion Batteries Macrocycles Multielectron Transfer Ring Strain

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Breaking down the silos: Innovations for multidisciplinary programs

Breaking down the silos: Innovations for multidisciplinary p...

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2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference, ASEE 2020

作者： Amoo, Michaela E. Bringardner, Jack Chen, Jen-Yeu Coyle, Edward J. Finnegan, Jillana Kim, Charles J. Koman, Patricia D. Lagoudas, Magdalini Z. Llewellyn, Donna C. Logan, Louise Sonnenberg-Klein, Julie Trent, Nadia Millis Strachan, Scott Munro Ward, Bennett C. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Howard University United States NYU's Tandon School of Engineering United States National Dong Haw University Taiwan Georgia Institute of Technology United States Boise State University United States University of Michigan College of Engineering Multidisciplinary Design Program United States Texas A&M University United States University of Strathclyde United Kingdom University of Pretoria South Africa Virginia Commonwealth University College of Engineering United States

Universities, colleges and academic departments acknowledge the need for more collaborative, multidisciplinary, entrepreneurial, and global education. Unfortunately, this is no trivial task. Centuries of tradition have produced institutional silos, reinforced by layers of policy and cultural differences between academic departments, between colleges, and between academic and non-academic units. Successful multidisciplinary programs require programmatic and administrative innovation that meet faculty, student and institutional needs and leverage available resources. The Vertically Integrated Project (VIP) model, in place at thirty-seven institutions, has achieved notable success in these areas. This paper profiles innovations from ten VIP programs in three areas: institutional organization, program organization, and faculty approaches. With these innovations, the programs have broken down silos and cultivated meaningful partnerships to meet the needs of multiple stakeholders. The featured institutions vary in size and mission and represent four countries. Each innovation is presented with a brief background to provide context on how the VIP program is situated within the larger institution. Together, these backgrounds, innovations, and lessons learned can benefit others seeking to develop and/or maintain cross-campus multidisciplinary programs. © American Society for engineering Education 2020.

关键词： Education computing

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Cover Picture: Cyclotetrabenzil Derivatives for Electrochemical Lithium-Ion Storage (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 29/2023)

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Angewandte Chemie International Edition 2023年第29期62卷

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Titelbild: Cyclotetrabenzil Derivatives for Electrochemical Lithium-Ion Storage (Angew. Chem. 29/2023)

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Angewandte Chemie 2023年第29期135卷

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Localization transition in three-dimensional stealthy hyperuniform disordered systems

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Sgrignuoli, F. Torquato, S. Dal Negro, L. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering & Photonics Center Boston University 8 Saint Mary’s Street BostonMA02215 United States Department of Chemistry Department of Physics Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics Princeton University PrincetonNJ08540 United States Division of Material Science and Engineering Boston University 15 Saint Mary’s Street BrooklineMA02446 United States Department of Physics Boston University 590 Commonwealth Avenue BostonMA02215 United States

The purpose of this work is to understand the fundamental connection between structural correlations and light localization in three-dimensional (3D) open scattering systems of finite size. We numerically investigate the transport of vector electromagnetic waves scattered by resonant electric dipoles spatially arranged in 3D space by stealthy hyperuniform disordered point patterns. Three-dimensional stealthy hyperuniform disordered systems (3D-SHDS) are engineered with different structural correlation properties determined by their degree of stealthiness χ. Such fine control of exotic states of amorphous matter enables the systematic design of optical media that interpolate in a tunable fashion between uncorrelated random structures and crystalline materials. By solving the electromagnetic multiple scattering problem using Green’s matrix spectral method, we establish a transport phase diagram that demonstrates a clear delocalization-localization transition beyond a critical scattering density that depends on χ. The transition is characterized by studying the Thouless number and the spectral statistics of the scattering resonances. In particular, by tuning the χ parameter, we demonstrate large spectral gaps and suppressed sub-radiant proximity resonances, facilitating light localization. Moreover, consistently with previous studies, our results show a region of the transport phase diagram where the investigated scattering systems become transparent. Our work provides a systematic description of the transport and localization properties of light in stealthy hyperuniform structures and motivates the engineering of novel photonic systems with enhanced light-matter interactions for applications to both classical and quantum devices. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Phase diagrams

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Direct stimulation of somatosensory cortex results in slower reaction times compared to peripheral touch in humans (vol 9, 3292, 2019)

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SCIENTIFIC REPORTS 2019年第1期9卷 1-11页

作者： Caldwell, David J. Cronin, Jeneva A. Wu, Jing Weaver, Kurt E. Ko, Andrew L. Rao, Rajesh P. N. Ojemann, Jeffrey G. Department of Bioengineering University of Washington Seattle USA. djcald@uw.edu. Medical Scientist Training Program University of Washington Seattle USA. djcald@uw.edu. National Science Foundation Center for Neurotechnology Seattle USA. djcald@uw.edu. Department of Bioengineering University of Washington Seattle USA. jcronin@uw.edu. National Science Foundation Center for Neurotechnology Seattle USA. jcronin@uw.edu. Department of Bioengineering University of Washington Seattle USA. National Science Foundation Center for Neurotechnology Seattle USA. Department of Radiology University of Washington Seattle USA. Department of Neurological Surgery University of Washington Seattle USA. Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of Washington Seattle USA.

Direct cortical stimulation (DCS) of primary somatosensory cortex (S1) could help restore sensation and provide task-relevant feedback in a neuroprosthesis. However, the psychophysics of S1 DCS is poorly studied, including any comparison to cutaneous haptic stimulation. We compare the response times to DCS of human hand somatosensory cortex through electrocorticographic grids with response times to haptic stimuli delivered to the hand in four subjects. We found that subjects respond significantly slower to S1 DCS than to natural, haptic stimuli for a range of DCS train durations. Median response times for haptic stimulation varied from 198 ms to 313 ms, while median responses to reliably perceived DCS ranged from 254 ms for one subject, all the way to 528 ms for another. We discern no significant impact of learning or habituation through the analysis of blocked trials, and find no significant impact of cortical stimulation train duration on response times. Our results provide a realistic set of expectations for latencies with somatosensory DCS feedback for future neuroprosthetic applications and motivate the study of neural mechanisms underlying human perception of somatosensation via DCS.

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Thousand-fold increase in plasmonic light emission via combined electronic and optical Excitations

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Cui, Longji Zhu, Yunxuan Nordlander, Peter Di Ventra, Massimiliano Natelson, Douglas Department of Physics and Astronomy and Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Colorado BoulderCO80309 United States Materials Science and Engineering Program University of Colorado BoulderCO80309 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Department of Physics University of California San Diego San DiegoCA92093 United States

Surface plasmon enhanced processes and hot-carrier dynamics in plasmonic nanostructures are of great fundamental interest to reveal light-matter interactions at the nanoscale. Using plasmonic tunnel junctions as a platform supporting both electrically-and optically excited localized surface plasmons, we report a much greater (over 1000×) plasmonic light emission at upconverted photon energies under combined electro-optical excitation, compared with electrical or optical excitation separately. Two mechanisms compatible with the form of the observed spectra are interactions of plasmon-induced hot carriers and electronic anti-Stokes Raman scattering. Our measurement results are in excellent agreement with a theoretical model combining electro-optical generation of hot carriers through non-radiative plasmon excitation and hot-carrier relaxation. We also discuss the challenge of distinguishing relative contributions of hot carrier emission and the anti-Stokes electronic Raman process. This observed increase in above-threshold emission in plasmonic systems may open avenues in on-chip nanophotonic switching and hot carrier photocatalysis. © 2021, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Tunnel junctions

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