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15th International Conference on Miniaturized Systems for Chemistry and Life sciences 2011, MicroTAS 2011

作者： Wu, T.-F. Mei, Z. Pion-Tonachini, L. Zhao, C. Qiao, W. Arianpour, A. Lo, Y.-H. Materials Science and Engineering Program University of California at San Diego San Diego CA 92093-0418 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California at San Diego San Diego CA 92093-0407 United States School of Information and Electronics Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781618395955

In this article, we demonstrated an optical-coding method to detect forward scattering and large angle scattering signals within microfluidic devices. Using silicon photodetectors, we can effectively discriminate the mixture of unlabelled beads and obtain the spatial distribution of beads. The optical coding method improves the signal-to-noise and particle differentiation abilities for lab-on-a-chip flow cytometers. Copyright © (2011) by the Chemical and Biological Microsystems Society.

关键词： Microfluidics

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Discussion of Estimating Multiple Sources Based on Three- Dimensional Magnetocardiograms Measurement

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Procedia Environmental sciences 2011年 8卷 408-414页

作者： Mai Liu Yoshinori Uchikawa Department of Electromagnetic Bioengineering Institute of Electrical Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences No.6 Beiertiao Zhongguancun Beijing 100190 China Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering School of Science and Engineering Tokyo Denki University Ishizaka Hatoyama-machi Hiki-gun Saitama 350-0394 Japan

A SQUID magnetometer system with three-dimensional(3-D) second-order gradiometer was used to measure the magnetocardiograms(MCG) for the normal subject and the patient with myocardial infarction (MI). The multiple sources were estimated using the single current dipole model based on the 3-D MCG measurement. The difference between the normal subject and the patient with MI was discussed in the conduction pathways. It is helpful to discriminate the location and the direction of multiple sources based on combining Bz component with Bx and By components. The 3-D MCG measurement may be more efficient than the 1-D MCG measurement in estimating the multiple sources.

关键词： SQUID magnetometer 3-D second-order gradiometer MCG equivalent source multiple sources

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Evaluation of Patient with Myocardial Infarction Using Isoenergy Contour Maps of Three-Dimensional Magnetocardiograms

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Procedia Environmental sciences 2011年 8卷 700-706页

A SQUID magnetometer system with three-dimensional(3-D) second-order gradiometer was used to measure the magnetocardiograms(MCG) for the normal subject and the patient with myocardial infarction (MI). In order to discuss the activities of the heart between the normal subject and the patient with MI, we have presented the isoenergy contour maps to evaluate the spatial energy distribution (SED) of the QRS complex at different scale. Being different from the normal subject, the patient with MI represented different the pattern of the SED in various frequency band for the ST segment of the QRS complexof Bx , By , and Bz components. It is helpful to evaluate the patient with MI using the isoenergy contour maps of 3-D MCG.

关键词： 3-D SQUID gradiometer MCG the QRS complex isoenergy contour map spatial energy distribution

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Exploring Time-Scales of Closed-Loop Decoder Adaptation in Brain-Machine Interfaces

Exploring Time-Scales of Closed-Loop Decoder Adaptation in B...

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society

作者： Amy L. Orsborn Siddharth Dangi Helene G. Moorman Jose M. Carmena Berkeley - Unviversity of California Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences University of California Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute University of California Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute and Program in Cognitive Science University of California

ISBN: (纸本)9781424441211

Performing closed-loop modifications of a brain-machine interface (BMI) decoder is a technique that shows great promise for improving performance. We compare two algorithms for implementing adaptations that update decoder parameters on different time-scales (discrete batches vs. online), and present experimental results of a non-human primate performing a standard center-out BMI task. To ensure that our experimental training models are representative of a broad range of paralyzed patients, our decoders were initially trained using neural activity recorded during subject observation of cursor movement. We find that both closed-loop adaptation algorithms can be used to boost BMI performance from 20-30% to 80%, yielding movement kinematics similar to natural arm movements. Based on insights derived from the performance of each algorithm, we propose that a hybrid of batch and online decoder adaptation may be the best approach.

关键词： Decoding Kinematics Training Educational institutions Adaptation models Kalman filters USA Councils

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Online correction of orientation estimates using spatial memory in a neuromorphic head direction system

Online correction of orientation estimates using spatial mem...

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IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)

作者： Tarek M. Massoud Timothy K. Horiuchi Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Institute of Systems Research University of Maryland College Park MD USA Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Institute of Systems Research Neuroscience and Cognitive Science Program University of Maryland College Park MD USA

Many animals are known to maintain an internal estimate of their orientation in the environment. In the absence of external sensory cues, this estimate inevitably exhibits drift. When sensory information is available, associations between sensory landmarks and the internal estimate can be used to correct for drift. In this paper we present a neuromorphic system to model such associations between sensory landmarks in the environment (as provided by sonar) and the activity of a hardware-based head direction cell system (HDS) that continuously integrates angular velocity signals to maintain an estimate of the orientation. These associations are shown to correct for drift errors that are encountered in the HDS.

关键词： High definition video Robot sensing systems Neurons Navigation Sonar detection Neuromorphics

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Adaptive Kalman filtering for closed-loop Brain-Machine Interface systems

Adaptive Kalman filtering for closed-loop Brain-Machine Inte...

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International IEEE/EMBS Conference on Neural engineering, CNE

作者： Siddharth Dangi Suraj Gowda Rodolphe Héliot Jose M. Carmena Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences University of California Berkeley CA USA CEA-LETI France Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute and Program in Cognitive Science University of California Berkeley CA USA

Brain-Machine Interface (BMI) decoding algorithms are often trained offline, but this paradigm ignores both the non-stationarity of neural signals and the feedback that exists in online, closed-loop control. To address these problems, we have developed an Adaptive Kalman Filter (AKF), a Kalman filter variant that adaptively updates its model parameters during training. For a Kalman filter decoder, batch retraining methods require completely re-estimating the parameter matrices from sufficient data to perform regression accurately, even if only small changes are necessary. Conversely, the AKF is designed to update the decoder parameters continuously and more intelligently. We simulated a population of 41 neurons learning to control a 2D computer cursor. The AKF yielded significantly faster skill acquisition and better robustness to perturbation and neuron loss than a standard Kalman filter with periodic batch retraining.

关键词： Decoding Kalman filters Mathematical model Equations Kinematics Neurons Training

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Accelerated oxidation of silicon due to x-ray irradiation

Accelerated oxidation of silicon due to x-ray irradiation

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European Conference on Radiation and its Effects on Components and Systems (RADECS)

作者： Shweta Bhandaru En Xia Zhang Daniel M. Fleetwood Robert A. Reed Robert A. Weller Sharon M. Weiss Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Material Science Vanderbilt University Nashville TN USA Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vanderbilt University Nashville TN USA

Enhanced rates of oxide growth have been observed on silicon when exposed to high-energy x-ray irradiation. This observed effect could potentially be utilized for remote total ionizing dose-sensing applications.

关键词： Silicon Radiation effects Oxidation Atomic measurements Temperature measurement Optical sensors Atomic layer deposition

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Metamorphic solar cells employing chemical mechanical polishing and MOVPE regrowth

Metamorphic solar cells employing chemical mechanical polish...

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37th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, PVSC 2011

作者： Mawst, L.J. Dudley, P. Kirch, J. Kim, T. Ruder, S. Kuech, T.F. Tatavarti, R. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Wisconsin - Madison 1415 Engineering Dr. Madison WI 53706 United States Materials Science Program University of Wisconsin - Madison 1415 Engineering Dr. Madison WI 53706 United States Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of Wisconsin - Madison 1415 Engineering Dr. Madison WI 53706 United States MicroLink Devices Inc. Niles IL United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781424499656

We have investigated the MOVPE growth of InxGa1-xAs metamorphic buffer layer (MBL) structures with a focus on techniques to improve the surface morphology and determine the influence of morphology on subsequently grown single-junction device structures. To improve the surface roughness of the underlying MBL, Chemical-Mechanical Polishing (CMP) is employed and MOVPE regrowth of single-junction (SJ) solar cells on top of the polished surface is performed. AFM image analysis indicates the CMP process is effective in reducing the step-graded InxGa1-xAs MBL surface roughness from ∼7-10 nm (as-grown) to 2.3 nm post CMP. A post-CMP ozone/HF treatment was found to be effective in removing silica residue remaining on the surface from the CMP process, allowing for the growth of films on top of the MBL surface subjected to CMP. Improved short circuit current density (Jsc) and external quantum efficiency (QE) were obtained from SJ (1eV) devices which employ the CMP process compared with those on as-grown MBLs. © 2011 IEEE.

关键词： Chemical mechanical polishing

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Improving node localization in WSN by using obstruction level indicator

Improving node localization in WSN by using obstruction leve...

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IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics

作者： Salvador Jauregui-Ortiz Mario Siller Felix Ramos Edson Escalabrin Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department Center of Research and Advanced Studies Guadalajara Jalisco Mexico Graduate Program in Computer Science Pontifical Catholic University of Parana Brazil Curitiba Parana Brazil

Wireless sensor networks can be used in habitat monitoring for detecting fire, in disaster for helping rescue teams and in agriculture for sensing humidity. Node localization is essential for some important sensor network applications. Despite the high relative accuracy of some localization algorithms, node localization is still an opened research area, due to the physical phenomena such as attenuation, reflection, diffraction, scattering and so forth. The current developed algorithms have different accuracy when are tested under dissimilar environments. We propose to use Smart Beacon Nodes (SBNs) to infer the Obstruction Level Indicator over an occupied area, then, use this indicator for estimating the distance among nodes. In our experimental simulation, SBNs decrease the node localization error of Triangular Centroid Localization and Weighted Centroid Localization up to 18%.

关键词： Accuracy Wireless sensor networks Estimation Testing Attenuation Databases Radar

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Responses of human fetal mesenchymal stem cells to various poly(Ε-caprolactone) films: A comparison study

Responses of human fetal mesenchymal stem cells to various p...

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2011 Defense science Research Conference and Expo, DSR 2011

作者： Wang, Zu-Yong Jing, Lim Zhang, Qin-Yuan Teo, Erin Y. Chan, Jerry Hong, Ming-Hui Wen, Feng Teoh, Swee-Hin Department of Mechanical Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology National University of Singapore Singapore Department of Reproductive Medicine KK Women's and Children's Hospital Singapore Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore School of Material Science and Engineering Nanyang Technology University Singapore National University of Singapore Singapore

ISBN: (纸本)9781424492763

Poly(Ε-caprolactone) (PCL) films have been applied for vascular tissue engineering. However, few studies studied the effects of fabrication process of PCL film on vascular cell proliferation. In this study, we used different processing methods, incorporating stretching, to fabricate various PCL films. Thickness of films before and after stretch and proliferation ability of human fetal mesenchymal stem cells (hfMSCs) on these films were investigated. Our results showed that stretching significantly reduces the thickness of solvent cast, heat press and cast stretch films (0.22, 0.59, 0.60, p

关键词： Cell proliferation

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