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IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)

作者： Tarek M. Massoud Timothy K. Horiuchi Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Institute of Systems Research University of Maryland College Park MD USA Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Institute of Systems Research Neuroscience and Cognitive Science Program University of Maryland College Park MD USA

Many animals are known to maintain an internal estimate of their orientation in the environment. In the absence of external sensory cues, this estimate inevitably exhibits drift. When sensory information is available, associations between sensory landmarks and the internal estimate can be used to correct for drift. In this paper we present a neuromorphic system to model such associations between sensory landmarks in the environment (as provided by sonar) and the activity of a hardware-based head direction cell system (HDS) that continuously integrates angular velocity signals to maintain an estimate of the orientation. These associations are shown to correct for drift errors that are encountered in the HDS.

关键词： High definition video Robot sensing systems Neurons Navigation Sonar detection Neuromorphics

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Adaptive Kalman filtering for closed-loop Brain-Machine Interface systems

Adaptive Kalman filtering for closed-loop Brain-Machine Inte...

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International IEEE/EMBS Conference on Neural engineering, CNE

作者： Siddharth Dangi Suraj Gowda Rodolphe Héliot Jose M. Carmena Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences University of California Berkeley CA USA CEA-LETI France Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute and Program in Cognitive Science University of California Berkeley CA USA

Brain-Machine Interface (BMI) decoding algorithms are often trained offline, but this paradigm ignores both the non-stationarity of neural signals and the feedback that exists in online, closed-loop control. To address these problems, we have developed an Adaptive Kalman Filter (AKF), a Kalman filter variant that adaptively updates its model parameters during training. For a Kalman filter decoder, batch retraining methods require completely re-estimating the parameter matrices from sufficient data to perform regression accurately, even if only small changes are necessary. Conversely, the AKF is designed to update the decoder parameters continuously and more intelligently. We simulated a population of 41 neurons learning to control a 2D computer cursor. The AKF yielded significantly faster skill acquisition and better robustness to perturbation and neuron loss than a standard Kalman filter with periodic batch retraining.

关键词： Decoding Kalman filters Mathematical model Equations Kinematics Neurons Training

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Accelerated oxidation of silicon due to x-ray irradiation

Accelerated oxidation of silicon due to x-ray irradiation

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European Conference on Radiation and its Effects on Components and Systems (RADECS)

作者： Shweta Bhandaru En Xia Zhang Daniel M. Fleetwood Robert A. Reed Robert A. Weller Sharon M. Weiss Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Material Science Vanderbilt University Nashville TN USA Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vanderbilt University Nashville TN USA

Enhanced rates of oxide growth have been observed on silicon when exposed to high-energy x-ray irradiation. This observed effect could potentially be utilized for remote total ionizing dose-sensing applications.

关键词： Silicon Radiation effects Oxidation Atomic measurements Temperature measurement Optical sensors Atomic layer deposition

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Metamorphic solar cells employing chemical mechanical polishing and MOVPE regrowth

Metamorphic solar cells employing chemical mechanical polish...

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37th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, PVSC 2011

作者： Mawst, L.J. Dudley, P. Kirch, J. Kim, T. Ruder, S. Kuech, T.F. Tatavarti, R. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Wisconsin - Madison 1415 Engineering Dr. Madison WI 53706 United States Materials Science Program University of Wisconsin - Madison 1415 Engineering Dr. Madison WI 53706 United States Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of Wisconsin - Madison 1415 Engineering Dr. Madison WI 53706 United States MicroLink Devices Inc. Niles IL United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781424499656

We have investigated the MOVPE growth of InxGa1-xAs metamorphic buffer layer (MBL) structures with a focus on techniques to improve the surface morphology and determine the influence of morphology on subsequently grown single-junction device structures. To improve the surface roughness of the underlying MBL, Chemical-Mechanical Polishing (CMP) is employed and MOVPE regrowth of single-junction (SJ) solar cells on top of the polished surface is performed. AFM image analysis indicates the CMP process is effective in reducing the step-graded InxGa1-xAs MBL surface roughness from ∼7-10 nm (as-grown) to 2.3 nm post CMP. A post-CMP ozone/HF treatment was found to be effective in removing silica residue remaining on the surface from the CMP process, allowing for the growth of films on top of the MBL surface subjected to CMP. Improved short circuit current density (Jsc) and external quantum efficiency (QE) were obtained from SJ (1eV) devices which employ the CMP process compared with those on as-grown MBLs. © 2011 IEEE.

关键词： Chemical mechanical polishing

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Improving node localization in WSN by using obstruction level indicator

Improving node localization in WSN by using obstruction leve...

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IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics

作者： Salvador Jauregui-Ortiz Mario Siller Felix Ramos Edson Escalabrin Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department Center of Research and Advanced Studies Guadalajara Jalisco Mexico Graduate Program in Computer Science Pontifical Catholic University of Parana Brazil Curitiba Parana Brazil

Wireless sensor networks can be used in habitat monitoring for detecting fire, in disaster for helping rescue teams and in agriculture for sensing humidity. Node localization is essential for some important sensor network applications. Despite the high relative accuracy of some localization algorithms, node localization is still an opened research area, due to the physical phenomena such as attenuation, reflection, diffraction, scattering and so forth. The current developed algorithms have different accuracy when are tested under dissimilar environments. We propose to use Smart Beacon Nodes (SBNs) to infer the Obstruction Level Indicator over an occupied area, then, use this indicator for estimating the distance among nodes. In our experimental simulation, SBNs decrease the node localization error of Triangular Centroid Localization and Weighted Centroid Localization up to 18%.

关键词： Accuracy Wireless sensor networks Estimation Testing Attenuation Databases Radar

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Responses of human fetal mesenchymal stem cells to various poly(Ε-caprolactone) films: A comparison study

Responses of human fetal mesenchymal stem cells to various p...

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2011 Defense science Research Conference and Expo, DSR 2011

作者： Wang, Zu-Yong Jing, Lim Zhang, Qin-Yuan Teo, Erin Y. Chan, Jerry Hong, Ming-Hui Wen, Feng Teoh, Swee-Hin Department of Mechanical Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology National University of Singapore Singapore Department of Reproductive Medicine KK Women's and Children's Hospital Singapore Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore School of Material Science and Engineering Nanyang Technology University Singapore National University of Singapore Singapore

ISBN: (纸本)9781424492763

Poly(Ε-caprolactone) (PCL) films have been applied for vascular tissue engineering. However, few studies studied the effects of fabrication process of PCL film on vascular cell proliferation. In this study, we used different processing methods, incorporating stretching, to fabricate various PCL films. Thickness of films before and after stretch and proliferation ability of human fetal mesenchymal stem cells (hfMSCs) on these films were investigated. Our results showed that stretching significantly reduces the thickness of solvent cast, heat press and cast stretch films (0.22, 0.59, 0.60, p

关键词： Cell proliferation

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A Transparent μECoG Array for Simultaneous Recording and Optogenetic Stimulation

A Transparent μECoG Array for Simultaneous Recording and Op...

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society

作者： Peter Ledochowitsch Elisa Olivero Tim Blanche Michel M. Maharbiz Bioengineering Department University of California EECS department University of California Redwood Center for Theoretical Neuroscience and the Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute University of California Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of California

ISBN: (纸本)9781424441211

In this paper we report for the first time the design, fabrication and characterization of an optically transparent electrode array for micro-electrocorticography. We present a 49-channel μECoG array with an electrode pitch of 800 μm and a 16-channel linear μECoG array with an electrode pitch of 200 μm. The backing material was Parylene C. Transparent, sputtered indium tin oxide (ITO) was used in conjunction with e-beam evaporated gold to fabricate the electrodes. We provide electrochemical impedance characterization and light transmission data for the fabricated devices.

关键词： Electrodes Hyalin INDIUM TIN OXIDE arrays PITCHES pitch substrate material fabrication

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Pathogen and inflammatory components removal from blood using cell margination

Pathogen and inflammatory components removal from blood usin...

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15th International Conference on Miniaturized Systems for Chemistry and Life sciences 2011, MicroTAS 2011

作者： Hou, H.W. Gan, H.Y. Bhagat, A.A.S. Li, L.D. Lim, C.T. Han, J. Centre Singapore Singapore Division of Bioengineering National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA United States Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA United States Mechanobiology Institute National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore Department of Biological Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781618395955

Sepsis is an adverse systemic inflammatory response caused by microbial infection in blood. This paper reports a novel microfluidic approach for non-specific removal of both pathogen and inflammatory cellular components from whole blood directly using cell margination. A high microbial removal efficiency of > 80% was achieved in our device consisting of 2 cascaded microchannels in series, thus allowing a 2-stage removal of microbes in a single step. ∼90% of platelets and leukocytes were also successfully removed from the blood which can be used to modulate the host inflammatory responses and potentially as a blood cleansing method for sepsis treatment.

关键词： Cells

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LOW-FREQUENCY ELECTRONIC NOISE IN GRAPHENE TRANSISTORS: COMPARISON WITH CARBON NANOTUBES

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International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems 2011年第1期20卷 161-170页

作者： GUANXIONG LIU WILLIAM STILLMAN SERGEY RUMYANTSEV MICHAEL SHUR ALEXANDER A. BALANDIN Nano-Device Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering Materials Science and Engineering Program Bourns College of Engineering University of California – Riverside Riverside California 92521 USA Center for Integrated Electronics and Department of Electrical Computer and Systems Engineering Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy New York 12180 USA Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute Russian Academy of Sciences St. Petersburg 194021 Russia Nano-Device Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering and Materials Science Engineering Program Bourns College of Engineering University of California – Riverside Riverside California 92521 USA

We report results of the experimental investigation of the low-frequency noise in graphene transistors. The graphene devices were measured in three-terminal configuration. The measurements revealed low flicker noise levels with the normalized noise spectral density close to 1/f (f is the frequency) and the Hooge parameter α H ~10 -3 . Both top-gate and back-gate devices were studied. The analysis of the noise spectral-density dependence on the gate biases helped us to elucidate the noise sources in these devices. We compared the noise performance of graphene devices with that of carbon nanotube devices. It was determined that graphene devices works better than carbon nanotube devices in terms of the low-frequency noise. The obtained results are important for graphene electronic, communication and sensor applications.

关键词： graphene 1/ f noise carbon nanotubes low-frequency noise graphene transistors

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Low-Frequency Noise in “Graphene-Like” Exfoliated Thin Films of Topological Insulators

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MRS Online Proceedings Library 2011年第1期1344卷 1-5页

作者： M. Z. Hossain S. L. Rumyantsev K. M. F. Shahil D. Teweldebrhan M. Shur A. A. Balandin Nano-Device Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering Program University of California Riverside USA Department of Electrical Computer and Systems Engineering and Center for Integrated Electronics Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy USA Ioffe Institute Russian Academy of Sciences St. Petersburg Russia

We report results of the study of the low-frequency noise in thin films of bismuth selenide topological insulators, which were mechanically exfoliated from bulk crystals via “graphene-like” procedures. From the resistance dependence on the film thickness, it was established that the surface conduction contributions to electron transport were dominant. It was found that the current fluctuations have the noise spectral density SI ∞ 1/ f (where f is the frequency) for the frequency range up to 10 kHz. The obtained noise data are important for transport experiments with topological insulators and for any proposed device applications of these materials.

关键词： devices electrical properties thin film

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