Currently, a significant obstacle in identifying the most important factors that contribute to obesity is the lack of appropriate tools to evaluate food consumption and physical activity on a daily basis. This paper p...
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Currently, a significant obstacle in identifying the most important factors that contribute to obesity is the lack of appropriate tools to evaluate food consumption and physical activity on a daily basis. This paper presents a novel video-based approach to estimating the energy intake and expenditure of individuals who are over-weight or obese. We propose to utilize a miniature video camera to chronically record data surrounding an individual's daily activity. From the recorded data, energy intake and expenditure are extracted objectively using signal processing algorithms. We discuss two algorithms which are both featured with low computational complexity, suitable for processing large sets of field-acquired video data. These algorithms estimate: (i) energy intake (caloric content) by determining the physical dimensions of the foods consumed; and (ii) energy expenditure by evaluating the extent of the subject's physical activity. We also report initial experimental results to demonstrate the effectiveness of the new approach.
Echolocating bats have long demonstrated the potential for air-coupled sonar to guide agile navigation through complex 3D environments. While air-coupled sonar has been extensively used in mobile ground robotics and a...
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Echolocating bats have long demonstrated the potential for air-coupled sonar to guide agile navigation through complex 3D environments. While air-coupled sonar has been extensively used in mobile ground robotics and a considerable amount of the bat's auditory system has been studied, little work has been done to understand how the neural circuitry of the bat can integrate echoes into a coherent, behaving system. This paper addresses the unique characteristics of bat echolocation and how they impact the design of a neuromorphic VLSI-based echolocation system. By constructing a system to solve bat-specific sensorimotor tasks the authors have encountered a number of interesting issues and questions that commonly face neuromorphic VLSI designers. Successes, problematic issues, and future directions are discussed
Lattice Boltzmann algorihms are a mesoscopic representation of nonlinear continuum physics (like Navier-Stokes, magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), Gross-Pitaevskii equations) which are ideal for parallel supercomputers becau...
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Mathematical models currently exist that explore the physiology of normal and traumatized intracranial function. Mechanical models are used to assess harsh environments that may potentially cause head injuries. Howeve...
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The changes in the work function upon adsorption of coating layers on materials utilized in both field and thermionic emission applications have been investigated computationally within the framework of Density Functi...
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The changes in the work function upon adsorption of coating layers on materials utilized in both field and thermionic emission applications have been investigated computationally within the framework of Density Functional Theory (DFT) [1] as implemented by the Vienna Ab-initio Simulation Package (VASP) [2]. This approach provides valuable information for understanding the origin of the improvement in the emitted current density by monitoring changes in the electronic structure of a material system upon adsorption of surface species. The presence of surface coatings induces changes in the charge density in the surface and sub-surface regions of the substrate, significantly influencing the value of the work function. The origin of the enhanced emission properties of Cesium-Iodide (Csl) coated Carbon-based field emission cathodes [3] as well as Barium-Oxide (Ba-O) Tungsten thermionic cathode systems has been investigated. The former is a promising cathode material system capable of operating under low global electric fields, demonstrating operation lifetimes in excess of one million pulses, and characterized by good shot-to-shot-reproducibility, low levels of outgassing, and no evident plasma formation upon appropriate conditioning.
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) of breast tissue yields high-resolution optical biopsies that can be used to identify cancerous regions. We present intraoperative OCT studies of surgical margin scanning and biopsy ...
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Recent work in blind source separation applied to anechoic mixtures of speech allows for improved reconstruction of sources that rarely overlap in a time-frequency representation. While the assumption that speech mixt...
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The accumulation of genomic and proteomic data of many organisms presents an opportunity to analyze entire phylogenetic trees in a systematic, quantified manner. The universal tree of life, constructed by genomic data...
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There is a clinical need for HIV protease inhibitors that can evade resistance mutations. One possible approach to designing such inhibitors relies upon the crystallographic observation that the substrates of HIV prot...
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There is a clinical need for HIV protease inhibitors that can evade resistance mutations. One possible approach to designing such inhibitors relies upon the crystallographic observation that the substrates of HIV protease occupy a rather constant region within the binding site. In particular, it has been hypothesized that inhibitors which lie within this region will tend to resist clinically relevant mutations. The present study offers the first prospective evaluation of this hypothesis, via computational design of inhibitors predicted to conform to the substrate envelope, followed by synthesis and evaluation against wild-type and mutant proteases, as well as structural studies of complexes of the designed inhibitors with HIV protease. The results support the utility of the substrate envelope hypothesis as a guide to the design of robust protease inhibitors.
A fast, robust technique is needed to facilitate studies of vocalisations by dolphins and other marine mammals such as whales in which large quantities of acoustic data are commonly generated. It is sometimes necessar...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781424406340
A fast, robust technique is needed to facilitate studies of vocalisations by dolphins and other marine mammals such as whales in which large quantities of acoustic data are commonly generated. It is sometimes necessary to be able to describe whistle contours quantitatively, rather than simply looking at descriptors such as start frequency, maximum frequency, number of inflection points, etc. This is important when whistles are to be compared using an automated classification system, and is an essential component of a real-time, automated classification system for use with a raw data stream. In this paper we describe a rapid and robust high order polynomial curve fitting technique which extracts features in preparation for automated classification. We applied this method to classify natural vocalizations of Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins (Sousa chinensis). We believe the method will be widely applicable to bioacoustic studies involving FM acoustic signals in both underwater and in-air environments.
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