Hanging drop cultures provide a favorable environment for the gentle,gel-free formation of highly uniform three-dimensional cell cultures often used in drug screening *** cell numbers can be limited,as with primary ce...
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Hanging drop cultures provide a favorable environment for the gentle,gel-free formation of highly uniform three-dimensional cell cultures often used in drug screening *** cell numbers can be limited,as with primary cells provided by minimally invasive ***,it can be beneficial to divide cells into miniaturized arrays of hanging drops to supply a larger number of ***,we present a framework for the miniaturization of hanging drop networks to nanoliter *** principles of a single hanging drop are described and used to construct the fundamental equations for a microfluidic system composed of multiple connected *** equations for the hanging drop as a nonlinear capacitive element are derived for application in the electronic-hydraulic analogy,forming the basis for more complex,time-dependent numerical modeling of hanging drop *** is supplemented by traditional computational fluid dynamics simulation to provide further information about flow conditions within the wells.A fabrication protocol is presented and demonstrated for creating transparent,microscale arrays of pinned hanging drops.A custom interface,pressure-based fluidic system,and environmental chamber have been developed to support the ***,fluid flow on the chip is demonstrated to align with expected behavior based on the principles derived for hanging drop *** with the system and potential areas for improvement are *** paper expands on the limited body of hanging drop network literature and provides a framework for designing,fabricating,and operating these systems at the microscale.
We present progress towards realizing electronic-photonic quantum systems on-chip;particularly, entangled photon-pair sources, placing them in the context of previous work, and outlining our vision for mass-producible...
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Data communications within the smart power grid components are susceptible to cyberattacks due to the inter-connected nature of the grid and reliance on communication networks. Such cyberattacks can exploit the integr...
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ISBN:
(数字)9789464593617
ISBN:
(纸本)9798331519773
Data communications within the smart power grid components are susceptible to cyberattacks due to the inter-connected nature of the grid and reliance on communication networks. Such cyberattacks can exploit the integrity of the exchanged data and result in operational instability. Existing data-driven cyberattack detection systems (CDSs) are proposed in the literature but their effectiveness is only verified against one type of cyberattacks. In reality, a smart grid system could encounter more than one attack type at once. Thus, in this paper, we investigate the resilience of state-of-the-art data-driven CDSs against replay false data injection, adversarial evasion, and adversarial data poisoning attacks on a realistic IEEE 118-bus system model. It turns out that a convolutional recurrent graph autoencoder-based CDS offers an attack detection rate of 96 – 97.5%, which outperforms other machine learning and deep learning-based data-driven CDSs by 16 – 54% since it captures the recurrent and spatial aspects of the data without being trained on attack data.
Developing positron emission tomography (PET) systems with high channel number has driven the need for application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) owing to their compactness, multi-channel readout capability, and...
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This paper presents a solution for counting fruit in agricultural greenhouses using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV s). Initially, a heuristic based on Simulated Annealing was used to optimize the UAV's trajectory, ...
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ISBN:
(数字)9798350357882
ISBN:
(纸本)9798350357899
This paper presents a solution for counting fruit in agricultural greenhouses using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV s). Initially, a heuristic based on Simulated Annealing was used to optimize the UAV's trajectory, ensuring efficient coverage of the beds. Next, digital image processing (DIP) techniques were implemented to count the fruit, including depth segmentation, application of bounding boxes, color filtering, and element counting. The DIP accuracy was evaluated in multiple scenarios and the results indicate high reliability in fruit counting, with the potential to optimize agricultural operations and provide valuable information to producers. Possible future improvements could include further refinements in image processing to increase the accuracy of counting other fruits. Ultimately, this work contributes to the advancement of automation in agriculture by offering a viable and efficient solution for counting fruit in greenhouses using UAV s.
Being one essential part of the solutions we are developing to provide accessibility for blind persons, synthesized speech of mathematical content, although having evolved in naturalness in recent years, still keeps a...
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Organic solar cells(OSCs),particularly made based on solution processing methods,have made significant progress over the past decades through the concurrent evolution of organic photovoltaic materials and device ***,h...
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Organic solar cells(OSCs),particularly made based on solution processing methods,have made significant progress over the past decades through the concurrent evolution of organic photovoltaic materials and device ***,high power conversion efficiencies around 18%and over 16%have been demonstrated in both rigid and flexible OSCs,*** most of the OSC research has centered on efficiency and cost,their emerging and potential usages in many critical applications,particularly in biomedical fields have been *** this mini-review,we will briefly discuss the high-performance organic photovoltaic materials and the representative flexible OSCs to give a scope on the recent rapid development of ***,we will review some progress on the applications of OSCs in biomedical devices and integrated *** potential challenges associated with integrating OSCs for biomedical devices will be put forward.
Email spam detection is crucial for ensuring a positive user experience and maintaining communication security. This study presents a novel spam detection approach leveraging Logistic Regression, optimized through hyp...
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ISBN:
(数字)9798350357509
ISBN:
(纸本)9798350357516
Email spam detection is crucial for ensuring a positive user experience and maintaining communication security. This study presents a novel spam detection approach leveraging Logistic Regression, optimized through hyperparameter tuning and enhanced with Explainable Artificial Intelligence. The proposed method is evaluated on a large-scale dataset of emails collected from a real-world spam detection system. Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency is utilized for feature extraction, converting email text into numerical representations. XAI introduces interpretability by highlighting critical features such as "pill," "PHP," and "Businessweek," which indicate spam classification patterns. Metrics such as precision, recall, and the confusion matrix are employed to assess the model’s performance, ensuring a balanced evaluation. Hyperparameter optimization using Grid Search CV achieves an optimal regularization parameter (C = 100) and maximum iterations (maxiter=100), resulting in an impressive F1 score of 98.76%, accuracy of 98.82%, precision of 98.62%, and recall of 98.90%.
The advancement of modern multimedia and data-intensive classes of applications demands the development of hardware that delivers better performance. Due to the evolution of 5G, Edge-Computing, the Internet of Things,...
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Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a type of diabetes mellitus that attacks the retina of the eye. DR will cause patients to experience blindness slowly. Generally, DR can be detected by using a special instrument called an...
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