Quantifying the effect of moisture on the electrical properties of thin dielectric films requires the use of a model that takes into account the geometry of the test structure and the dielectric properties of the air ...
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Quantifying the effect of moisture on the electrical properties of thin dielectric films requires the use of a model that takes into account the geometry of the test structure and the dielectric properties of the air layer above the device. Using this approach, it was found that the electrical properties of dry PI (polyimide) do not change substantially after six weeks of aging at 85 degrees C/85% RH (relative humidity). The dielectric permittivity of PI as a function of %RH increased with aging for excitation frequencies between 12 Hz and 100 kHz. This increase is correlated with observed changes in the surface chemistry of the aged PI film. Shifts in ESCA peak intensities indicate oxidation of the PI surface and deimidization with aging. Possible mechanisms for the observed changes in dielectric properties with aging include a change in the morphology of the bulk PI, resulting in a decreased surface to volume ratio, increased water absorption, a change in the interaction of absorbed water with the PI matrix, and dielectric interfacial effects.< >
作者：
OSTENDORF, DWLEACH, LEHINLEIN, ESXIE, YF1 David W. Ostendorf is an associate professor in the Environmental Engineering Program of the Civil Engineering Department at the University of Massachusetts (Civil Engineering Department
University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003). His research interests include unconfined aquifer contamination hazardous waste site remediation and analytical modeling of problems in environmental fluid mechanics. Dr. Ostendorf is a registered professional engineer in Massachusetts and a member of the American Geophysical Union American Society of Civil Engineers Soil Science Society of America Water Pollution Control Federation and Association of Environmental Engineering Professors as well as the National Water Well Association.2 Lowell E. Leach is an environmental engineer with the Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (RS Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory U.S. EPA P.O. Box 1198 Ada OK74820). Leach received his B.S. ingeological engineering at the University of Oklahoma in 1959 and has been a registered professional engineer in Oklahoma since 1966. With 29 years of experience in field applications of geological engineering he is responsible for developing methodology for sampling ground water and subsurface materials for the Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory.3 Erich S. Hinlein is a research assistant in the Environmental Engineering Program of the Civil Engineering Department at the University of Massachusetts (Civil Engineering Department University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003). His research interests include ground water pollution hazardous waste site investigation and transport processes in unconfined aquifers. Hinlein graduated with a B.S. in electrical and computer engineering from the University of Massachusetts at Amherst in May 1985 and entered the Environmental Engineering Master's Degree Program in January 1989.4 Yuefeng Xie is a postdoctoral research associate in the Environmental Engineering Program of the Civil E
Two complementary field sampling methods for the determination of residual aviation gasoline content in the contaminated capillary fringe of a fine, uniform, sandy soil were investigated. The first method featured fie...
Two complementary field sampling methods for the determination of residual aviation gasoline content in the contaminated capillary fringe of a fine, uniform, sandy soil were investigated. The first method featured field extrusion of core barrels into pint-size Mason jars, while the second consisted of laboratory partitioning of intact stainless steel core sleeves. The barrel extrusion procedure involved jar headspace sampling in a nitrogen-filled glove box, which delineated the 0.7m thick residually contaminated interval for subsequent core sleeve withdrawal from adjacent boreholes. Soil samples removed from the Mason jars (in the field) and sleeve segments (in the laboratory) were subjected to methylene chloride extraction and gas chromatographic analysis to compare their aviation gasoline content. The barrel extrusion sampling method yielded a vertical profile with 0.10m resolution over an essentially continuous 5.0m interval from the ground surface to the water table. The sleeve segment alternative yielded a more resolved 0.03m vertical profile over a shorter 0.8m interval through the capillary fringe. The two methods delivered precise estimates of the vertically integrated mass of aviation gasoline at a given horizontal location, and a consistent view of the vertical profile as well. In the latter regard, a 0.2m thick lens of maximum contamination was found in the center of the capillary fringe, where moisture filled all voids smaller than the mean pore size. The maximum peak was resolved by the core sleeve data, but was partially obscured by the barrel extrusion observations, so that replicate barrels or a half-pint Mason jar size should be considered for data supporting vertical transport analyses in the absence of sleeve partitions.
作者：
NARAYANAN, VMANELA, MLADE, RKSARKAR, TKDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Syracuse University Syracuse New York 13244-1240 Viswanathan Narayanan was born in Bangalore
India on December 14 1965. He received the BE degree in Electronics and Communications from B.M.S. College of Engineering Bangalore in 1988. He joined the Department of Electrical Engineering at Syracuse University for his graduate studies in 1989 where he is currently a research assistant. His research interests are in microwave measurements numerical electromagnetics and signal processing. Biographies and photos are not available for M. Manela and R. K. Lade.Tapan K. Sarkar (Sf69-M'76-SM'X1) was born in Calcutta. India
on August 2 1948. He received the BTech degree from the Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur India in 1969 the MScE degree from the University of New Brunswick Fredericton Canada in 1971. and the MS and PhD degrees from Syracuse University. Syracuse NY in 1975. From 1975-1976 he was with the TACO Division of the General Instruments Corporation. He was with the Rochester Institute of Technology (Rochester NY) from 1976-1985. He was a Research Fellow at the Gordon Mckay Laboratory Harvard University Cambridge MA from 1977 to 1978. He is now a Professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Syracuse University. His current research interests deal with numerical solutions of operator equations arising in electromagnetics and signal processing with application to system design. He obtained one of the “ best solution” awards in May 1977 at the Rome Air Development Center (RADC) Spectral Estimation Workshop. He has authored or coauthored more than 154 journal articles and conference papers and has written chapters in eight books. Dr. Sarkar is a registered professional engineer in the state of New York. He received the Best Paper Award of the IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility in 1979. He was an Associate Editor for feature articles of the lEEE Antennas arid Propagation Sociefy Newsletter and was
Dynamic analysis of waveguide structures containing dielectric and metal strips is presented. The analysis utilizes a finite difference frequency domain procedure to reduce the problem to a symmetric matrix eigenvalue...
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Dynamic analysis of waveguide structures containing dielectric and metal strips is presented. The analysis utilizes a finite difference frequency domain procedure to reduce the problem to a symmetric matrix eigenvalue problem. Since the matrix is also sparse, the eigenvalue problem can be solved quickly and efficiently using the conjugate gradient method resulting in considerable savings in computer storage and time. Comparison is made with the analytical solution for the loaded dielectric waveguide case. For the microstrip case, we get both waveguide modes and quasi-TEM modes. The quasi-TEM modes in the limit of zero frequency are checked with the static analysis which also uses finite difference. Some of the quasi-TEM modes are spurious. This article describes their origin and discusses how to eliminate them. Numerical results are presented to illustrate the principles.
Electrocorticograms (ECoG's) from 16 of 68 chronically implanted subdural electrodes, placed over the right temporal cortex in a patient with a right medial temporal focus, were analyzed using methods from nonline...
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A computer model of the interaction between heart and artificial pacemaker is developed which simulates a variety of dual-chamber device responses in the context of 25 possible arrhythmia classes. The heart-pacemaker ...
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A computer model of the interaction between heart and artificial pacemaker is developed which simulates a variety of dual-chamber device responses in the context of 25 possible arrhythmia classes. The heart-pacemaker interaction (HPI) model includes specifications of cardiac, pacemaker, and noise distribution parameters which permit random simulation of pacemaker failure. It simulates random pacemaker output, capture, and sensing malfunctions. The model has been used to train an automated, knowledge-based algorithm designed to analyze paced electrocardiograms for pacemaker function and malfunction. By allowing the straightforward simulation of numerous arrhythmia/pacemaker failure scenarios, the model has significantly reduced the amount of clinical testing and therefore the development time otherwise required.< >
Analyzing multichannel evoked potentials (EPs) is a difficult problem because of the typically large volumes of data acquired-data which are space- and time-dependent and which must be analyzed in both of these domain...
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Analyzing multichannel evoked potentials (EPs) is a difficult problem because of the typically large volumes of data acquired-data which are space- and time-dependent and which must be analyzed in both of these domains. Some preliminary results from using the topographic components (TC) model recently proposed by Mocks (1988) for spatiotemporal EP analysis are presented. A three-stage steepest-descent algorithm is derived for least-squares parameter estimation. The algorithm is used to fit the TC model to actual EP data and to examine two aspects. The model is compared to the standard method of principal components for its ability to fit EP data. For two sample data sets, the TC model is shown to provide a better least-squares fit with many fewer parameters than principal components, suggesting that the seemingly restrictive assumptions made by the model may not be inappropriate. The ability of the model to discriminate between two classes of subjects distinguished by different topographic patterns to their evoked responses for a given stimulus is evaluated.< >
An analysis is presented of polyimides (PIs) exposed to heat and humidity stress over long periods. Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were used to in...
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An analysis is presented of polyimides (PIs) exposed to heat and humidity stress over long periods. Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were used to investigate the basic physical mechanisms that affect PI when stressed. The results show that changes are confined to a surface layer at the PI-air interface. ESCA data show significant changes at the PI-air interface and that the PI-Si interface remains unchanged. FTIR transmission data indicate that the bulk chemistry is unaffected by such exposure. The surface chemistry is characterized by a significant reduction in the pyromellitic dyanhydride (PMDA) moiety and changes in the bonding of oxygen. There appear to be changes in the imide structure for the PI surface, but the mechanisms of change require further study. This has reliability implications for microelectronic systems using PI as a dielectric.< >
A new single-key-lock (SKL) mechanism used for implementing the access matrix of the computer protection system is proposed. The key selection is very flexible. The lock values are generated recursively based on the N...
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A new single-key-lock (SKL) mechanism used for implementing the access matrix of the computer protection system is proposed. The key selection is very flexible. The lock values are generated recursively based on the Newton's interpolating polynomial. The insertion of a new user/file into the system can be successfully implemented without recomputing all locks/keys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
We report the observation of electrically induced changes in transmissivity in Fabry-Perot devices consisting of spin-cast azo-dye/polymer films deposited between gold mirrors. In poled samples the observed modulation...
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We report the observation of electrically induced changes in transmissivity in Fabry-Perot devices consisting of spin-cast azo-dye/polymer films deposited between gold mirrors. In poled samples the observed modulation shows a linear dependence on the applied modulating voltage. The ratio of the transmissivity modulation observed using incident transverse magnetic polarization to that observed using transverse electric polarization is used to demonstrate that the electrooptic effect dominates the modulation. This is, to our knowledge, the first reported use of a polymeric thin film linear electrooptic material in a Fabry-Perot structure and demonstrates the use of etalons to enhance electrooptic effects in very thin films.
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