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Biopsy-free Virtual Histology of Skin Using Reflectance Confocal Microscopy and Deep Learning

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Biopsy-free Virtual Histology of Skin Using Reflectance Conf...

CLEO: Applications and Technology, A and T 2022

作者： Li, Jingxi Garfinkel, Jason Zhang, Xiaoran Wu, Di Zhang, Yijie de Haan, Kevin Wang, Hongda Liu, Tairan Bai, Bijie Rivenson, Yair Rubinstein, Gennady Scumpia, Philip O. Ozcan, Aydogan Electrical and Computer Engineering Department University of California Los AngelesCA90095 United States Bioengineering Department University of California Los AngelesCA90095 United States University of California Los AngelesCA90095 United States Dermatology and Laser Centre Studio CityCA91604 United States Computer Science Department University of California Los AngelesCA90095 United States Division of Dermatology University of California Los AngelesCA90095 United States Department of Dermatology Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System Los AngelesCA90073 United States Department of Surgery University of California Los AngelesCA90095 United States

We report in vivo virtual histology of skin without a biopsy, where deep learning is used to virtually stain tissue and generate hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-like microscopic images of skin using a reflectance conf... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781957171050

关键词： Reflection

ECG heart-beat classification using multimodal image fusion

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Ahmad, Zeeshan Tabassum, Anika Guan, Ling Khan, Naimul Department of Electrical Computer and Biomedical Engineering Ryerson University TorontoON Canada Master of Data Science program Ryerson University TorontoON Canada

In this paper, we present a novel Image Fusion Model (IFM) for ECG heart-beat classification to overcome the weaknesses of existing machine learning techniques that rely either on manual feature extraction or direct utilization of 1D raw ECG signal. At the input of IFM, we first convert the heart-beats of ECG into three different images using Gramian Angular Field (GAF), Recurrence Plot (RP) and Markov Transition Field (MTF) and then fuse these images to create a single imaging modality. We use AlexNet for feature extraction and classification and thus employ end-to-end deep learning. We perform experiments on PhysioNet's MIT-BIH dataset for five different arrhythmias in accordance with the AAMI EC57 standard and on PTB diagnostics dataset for myocardial infarction (MI) classification. We achieved an state-of-an-art results in terms of prediction accuracy, precision and recall. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Extraction

Neural Constraints on Cognitive Experience and Mental Health

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Shariatpanahi, Bita Nozari, Erfan Daftarian, Soroush Arab, Fahimeh Kheirkhah, Mina Bernhard, Felix P. Khodadadi, Shiva Giltay, Erik J. Hebbrecht, Kaat Hofmann, Stefan G. Hahn, Tim Jamalabadi, Hamidreza Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University of Marburg Germany Department of Mechanical Engineering University of California RiversideCA United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California Riverside RiversideCA United States Department of Bioengineering University of California Riverside RiversideCA United States Neuroscience Graduate Program University of California Riverside RiversideCA United States Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch National Institute of Mental Health Bethesda MD United States University of Antwerp Belgium Department of Psychiatry Leiden University Medical Center Netherlands Department of Psychology University of Marburg Germany Institute for Translational Psychiatry University of Münster Germany University of Marburg Germany

Understanding how neural dynamics shape cognitive experiences remains a central challenge in neuroscience and psychiatry. Here, we present a novel framework leveraging state-to-output controllability from dynamical systems theory to model the interplay between cognitive perturbations, neural activity, and subjective experience. We demonstrate that large-scale fMRI signals are constrained to low-dimensional manifolds, where affective and cognitive states are naturally organized. Furthermore, we provide a theoretically robust method to estimate the controllability Gramian from steady-state neural responses, offering a direct measure of the energy required to steer cognitive outcomes. In five healthy participants viewing 2,185 emotionally evocative short videos, our analyses reveal a strong alignment between neural activations and affective ratings, with an average correlation of r ≈ 0.7. In a clinical cohort of 255 patients with major depressive disorder, biweekly Hamilton Rating Scale trajectories over 11 weeks significantly mapped onto these manifolds, explaining approximately 20% more variance than chance (p −10, numerically better than chance in 93% reaching statistical significance in one-third of subjects). Our work bridges dynamical systems theory and clinical neuroscience, providing a principled approach to optimize mental health treatments by targeting the most efficient neural pathways for cognitive change. © 2025, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： System theory

Physically interacting humans regulate muscle coactivation to improve visuo-haptic perception

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Börner, Hendrik Carboni, Gerolamo Cheng, Xiaoxiao Takagi, Atsushi Hirche, Sandra Endo, Satoshi Burdet, Etienne Technical University of Munich Electrical and Computer Engineering Department München80333 Germany Department of Bioengineering Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine LondonSW7 2AZ United Kingdom Ntt Communication Science Laboratories 3-1 Morinosato Wakamiya Kanagawa Atsugi243-0198 Japan

When moving a piano or dancing tango with a partner, how should I control my arm muscles to best feel their movements and follow or guide them smoothly? Here we observe how physically connected pairs tracking a moving target with the arm modify muscle coactivation with their visual acuity and the partner's performance. They coactivate muscles to stiffen the arm when the partner's performance is worse, and relax with blurry visual feedback. Computational modelling show that this adaptive sensing property cannot be explained by movement error minimization proposed in earlier models. Instead, individuals skilfully control the arm's stiffness to guide it on the planned motion while minimizing effort and extracting useful haptic information from the partner's movement. The central nervous system regulates muscles' activation to guide motion with accurate task information from vision and haptics while minimizing the metabolic cost. © 2022, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Muscle

Topological Rigidity and Non-Abelian defect junctions in chiral nematic systems with effective biaxial symmetry

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Wu, Jin-Sheng Valenzuela, Roberto Abril Bowick, Mark J. Smalyukh, Ivan I. Department of Physics and Chemical Physics Program University of Colorado Boulder United States Department of Physics University of California Santa Barbara United States Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics University of California Santa Barbara United States French American Center for Theoretical Science CNRS KITP Santa Barbara United States International Institute for Sustainability with Knotted Chiral Meta Matter Japan Department of Electrical Computer and Energy Engineering Materials Science and Engineering Program and Soft Materials Research Center University of Colorado Boulder United States Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute National Renewable Energy Laboratory University of Colorado Boulder United States

We study topologically stable defect structures in systems where the defect line classification in three dimensions and associated algebra of interactions (the fundamental group) are governed by the non-Abelian 8-element group, the quaternions Q8. The non-Abelian character of the defect algebra leads to a topological rigidity of bound defect pairs, and trivalent junctions which are the building blocks of multi-junction trivalent networks. We realize such structures laboratory chiral nematics and analyze their behavior analytically, along with numerical modeling © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Rigidity

Alteration of Cortical Somatosensory Feedback in Post-Stroke Movement Control

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Alteration of Cortical Somatosensory Feedback in Post-Stroke...

Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

作者： Rita Huan-Ting Peng Nishaal Parmar Jordan N. Williamson Parikshat Sirpal Beni E. Mulyana Mahmood Rajabtabar Darvish Joohwan Sung Evgeny V. Sidorov Yuan Yang Department of Bioengineering Grainger College of Engineering University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL USA Clinical Imaging Research Center Stephenson Family Clinical Research Institute Carle Foundation Hospital Urbana IL USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Oklahoma Tulsa OK USA Department of Neurology University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center Oklahoma City OK USA Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL USA Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences Northwestern University Chicago IL USA

ISBN: (数字)9798350371499

ISBN: (纸本)9798350371505

Sensory feedback is of vital importance in motor control, yet is rarely studied in diseases which frequently result in motor deficiency, such as hemiparetic stroke. This study employs the laterality index (LI) of somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) to investigate whether sensory feedback is altered in hemiparetic stroke during movements of the paretic arm, with a hemispheric shift from the lesioned hemisphere toward contralesional hemisphere. Through experimental design involving the isometric lifting of the paretic arms during tactile finger stimulation and the analysis of LI in SEPs P50 and N100, we found: 1) increased contralesional sensory activity in stroke participants when they are receiving sensory input in their paretic hand for both P50 and N100 and 2) the contralesional N100 activity is enhanced when stroke participants are performing an isometric arm lifting task. These results indicate a timedependent shifting of sensory feedback from the sensorimotor areas in the lesioned side to the contralesional side of the stroke brain.

关键词： Somatosensory Neuroimaging Motor drives Magnetic resonance imaging Process control Motors Particle measurements Time measurement Indexes engineering in medicine and biology

Tracking fast neural adaptation by globally adaptive point process estimation for brain-machine interface

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Chen, Shuhang Zhang, Xiang Shen, Xiang Huang, Yifan Wang, Yiwen The Program of Bioengineering The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Kowloon Hong Kong The Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Kowloon Hong Kong The Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology

Brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) help the disabled restore body functions by translating neural activity into digital commands to control external devices. Neural adaptation, where the brain signals change in response to external stimuli or movements, plays an important role in BMIs. When subjects purely use neural activity to brain-control a prosthesis, some neurons will actively explore a new tuning property to accomplish the movement task. The prediction of this neural tuning property can help subjects adapt more efficiently to brain control and maintain good decoding performance. Existing prediction methods track the slow change of the tuning property in the manual control, which is not suitable for the fast neural adaptation in brain control. In order to identify the active neurons in brain control and track their tuning property changes, we propose a globally adaptive point process method (GaPP) to estimate the neural modulation state from spike trains, decompose the states into the hyper preferred direction and reconstruct the kinematics in a dual-model framework. We implement the method on real data from rats performing a two-lever discrimination task under manual control and brain control. The results show our method successfully predicts the neural modulation state and identifies the neurons that become active in brain control. Compared to existing methods, ours tracks the fast changes of the hyper preferred direction from manual control to brain control more accurately and efficiently and reconstructs the kinematics better and faster. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Neurons

Magnetic Exciton-Polariton with Strongly Coupled Atomic and Photonic Anisotropies

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Li, Qiuyang Xie, Xin Alfrey, Adam Beach, Christiano W. McLellan, Nicholas Lu, Yang Hu, Jiaqi Liu, Wenhao Dhale, Nikhil Lv, Bing Zhao, Liuyan Sun, Kai Deng, Hui Department of Physics University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109 United States Applied Physics Program University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109 United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109 United States Department of Physics University of Texas at Dallas RichardsonTX75080 United States

Anisotropy plays a key role in science and engineering. However, the interplay between the material and engineered photonic anisotropies has hardly been explored due to the vastly different length scales. Here we demonstrate a matter-light hybrid system, exciton-polaritons in a 2D antiferromagnet, CrSBr, coupled with an anisotropic photonic crystal (PC) cavity, where the spin, atomic lattice, and photonic lattices anisotropies are strongly correlated, giving rise to unusual properties of the hybrid system and new possibilities of tuning. We show exceptionally strong coupling between engineered anisotropic optical modes and anisotropic excitons in CrSBr, which is stable against excitation densities a few orders of magnitude higher than polaritons in isotropic materials. Moreover, the polaritons feature a highly anisotropic polarization tunable by tens of degrees by controlling the matter-light coupling via, for instance, spatial alignment between the material and photonic lattices, magnetic field, temperature, cavity detuning and cavity quality-factors. The demonstrated system provides a prototype where atomic- and photonic-scale orders strongly couple, opening opportunities of photonic engineering of quantum materials and novel photonic devices, such as compact, on-chip polarized light source and polariton laser. © 2023, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Anisotropy

Can Personalized Medicine Coexist with Health Equity? Examining the Cost Barrier and Ethical Implications

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Francisco, Kishi Kobe Yee Apuhin, Andrane Estelle Carnicer Tan, Myles Joshua Toledo Byers, Mickael Cavanaugh Maravilla, Nicholle Mae Amor Tan Karim, Hezerul Abdul AlDahoul, Nouar Biology Program College of Arts and Science University of St. La Salle Negros Occidental Bacolod City Philippines Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering University of Florida GainesvilleFL United States Department of Epidemiology College of Public Health & Health Professions College of Medicine University of Florida GainesvilleFL United States Department of Natural Sciences College of Arts and Science University of St. La Salle Negros Occidental Bacolod City Philippines Department of Chemical Engineering College of Engineering and Technology University of St. La Salle Negros Occidental Bacolod City Philippines Department of Electronics Engineering College of Engineering and Technology University of St. La Salle Negros Occidental Bacolod City Philippines Yo-Vivo Corporation Negros Occidental Bacolod City Philippines Department of Civil and Coastal Engineering Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering University of Florida GainesvilleFL United States Faculty of Engineering Multimedia University Selangor Cyberjaya Malaysia Department of Computer Science Division of Science New York University Abu Dhabi Saadiyat Marina District Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates

Personalized medicine (PM) promises to transform healthcare by providingtreatments tailored to individual genetic, environmental, and lifestylefactors. However, its high costs and infrastructure demands raise concernsabout exacerbating health disparities, especially between high-income countries(HICs) and low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). While HICs benefit fromadvanced PM applications through AI and genomics, LMICs often lack theresources necessary to adopt these innovations, leading to a wideninghealthcare divide. This paper explores the financial and ethical challenges ofPM implementation, with a focus on ensuring equitable access. It proposesstrategies for global collaboration, infrastructure development, and ethicalframeworks to support LMICs in adopting PM, aiming to prevent furtherdisparities in healthcare accessibility and outcomes. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Personalized medicine