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Stability, metallicity, and magnetism in niobium silicide nanofilms

Physical Review Materials 2022年第6期6卷 064402-064402页

作者： Xuezeng Lu Dominic P. Goronzy Carlos G. Torres-Castanedo Paul Masih Das Maryam Kazemzadeh-Atoufi Anthony McFadden Corey Rae H. McRae Peter W. Voorhees Vinayak P. Dravid Michael J. Bedzyk Mark C. Hersam James M. Rondinelli Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 USA International Institute for Nanotechnology Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 USA National Institute of Standards and Technology Boulder Colorado 80305 USA Department of Electrical Computer & Energy Engineering University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado 80309 USA Department of Physics University of Colorado Boulder Colorado 80309 USA Northwestern University Atomic and Nanoscale Characterization Experimental Center (NUANCE) Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 USA Applied Physics Program Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 USA Department of Chemistry Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 USA

Modern superconducting qubits based on two-dimensional (2D) transmons typically involve the growth of Nb thin films on high-resistivity Si substrates. Since imperfections at the Nb-Si heterointerface have been implicated as a source of two-level systems that limit quantum coherence times, detailed characterization and understanding of niobium silicide interfacial layers are critical to improving superconducting qubit technology. While bulk binary intermetallic niobium silicide phases are well understood, the thermodynamic phase stability and properties of ultrathin niobium silicides, such as those found at the Nb-Si heterointerface in 2D transmons, have not yet been explored. Here, we report finite-sized effects for ultrathin niobium silicide films using density functional theory calculations and predict nanoscale stabilization of Nb6Si5 over the bulk α−Nb5Si3 phase. This result is consistent with our experimental observations of a niobium silicide interfacial layer between a sputtered Nb thin film and the underlying Si substrate. Furthermore, our calculations show that Nb6Si5 nanofilms are nonmagnetic, making them superior to nanofilms of α−Nb5Si3 that exhibit antiferromagnetic correlations detrimental to long coherence times in superconducting qubits. By providing atomic-scale insight into niobium silicide nanofilms, this paper can help guide ongoing efforts to optimize Nb-Si heterointerfaces for long coherence times in superconducting qubits.

关键词： Interface & surface thermodynamics Interfaces Superconducting qubits Thin films Density functional theory

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Implementing ASLNet V1.0: Progress and plans 11

Implementing ASLNet V1.0: Progress and plans

引用

11th Global Wordnet Conference, GWC 2021

作者： Lualdi, Colin P. Wright, Elaine Hudson, Jack Caselli, Naomi K. Fellbaum, Christiane SignSchool Inc. MadisonWI United States Department of Physics University of Illinois Urbana-ChampaignIL United States Department of Electrical Engineering Princeton University PrincetonNJ United States Program in Linguistics Princeton University PrincetonNJ United States Programs in Deaf Studies Boston University BostonMA United States Department of Computer Science Princeton University PrincetonNJ United States

ISBN: (纸本)9789464027310

We report on the development of ASLNet, a wordnet for American Sign Language (ASL). ASLNet V1.0 is currently under construction by mapping easy-to-translate ASL lexical nouns to Princeton WordNet synsets. We describe our data model and mapping approach, which can be extended to any sign language. Analysis of the 390 synsets processed to date indicates the success of our procedure yet also highlights the need to supplement our mapping with the "merge" method. We outline our plans for upcoming work to remedy this, which include use of ASL free-association data. © GWC 2021. All rights reserved.

关键词： Mapping

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Author Correction: Dynamical flexible inference of nonlinear latent factors and structures in neural population activity

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Nature biomedical engineering 2025年第2期9卷 283页

作者： Hamidreza Abbaspourazad Eray Erturk Bijan Pesaran Maryam M Shanechi Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Viterbi School of Engineering University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA. Departments of Neurosurgery Neuroscience and Bioengineering University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA. Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Viterbi School of Engineering University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA. shanechi@usc.edu. Thomas Lord Department of Computer Science Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering Neuroscience Graduate Program University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA. shanechi@usc.edu.

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Utilizing probabilistic entanglement between sensors in quantum networks

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Van Milligen, Emily A. Gagatsos, Christos N. Kaur, Eneet Towsley, Don Guha, Saikat Department of Physics The University of Arizona 1630 East University Boulevard TucsonAZ85721 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of Arizona 1630 East University Boulevard TucsonAZ85721 United States Wyant College of Optical Sciences The University of Arizona 1630 East University Boulevard TucsonAZ85721 United States Program in Applied Mathematics The University of Arizona TucsonAZ85721 United States Cisco Quantum Lab Los Angeles United States College of Computer Science University of Massachusetts AmherstMA United States

One of the most promising applications of quantum networks is entanglement assisted sensing. The field of quantum metrology exploits quantum correlations to improve the precision bound for applications such as precision timekeeping, field sensing, and biological imaging. When measuring multiple spatially distributed parameters, current literature focuses on quantum entanglement in the discrete variable case—and quantum squeezing in the continuous variable case distributed amongst all of the sensors in a given network. However, it can be difficult to ensure all sensors pre-share entanglement of sufficiently high fidelity. This work probes the space between fully entangled and fully classical sensing networks by modeling a star network with probabilistic entanglement generation that is attempting to estimate the average of local parameters. The quantum Fisher information is used to determine which protocols best utilize entanglement as a resource for different network conditions. It is shown that without entanglement distillation there is a threshold fidelity below which classical sensing is preferable. For a network with a given number of sensors and links characterized by a certain initial fidelity and probability of success, this work outlines when and how to use entanglement, when to store it, and when it needs to be distilled. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Quantum entanglement

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Human impedance modulation to improve visuo-haptic perception

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PLoS Computational Biology 2025年第5 May期21卷 e1013042页

作者： Cheng, Xiaoxiao Shen, Shixian Ivanova, Ekaterina Carboni, Gerolamo Takagi, Atsushi Burdet, Etienne Department of Bioengineering Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine London United Kingdom Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering The University of Manchester Manchester United Kingdom School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science Queen Mary University of London London United Kingdom NTT Communication Science Laboratories NTT R&D Kanagawa Japan

Humans activate muscles to shape the mechanical interaction with their environment, but can they harness this control mechanism to best sense the environment? We investigated how participants adapt their muscle activation to visual and haptic information when tracking a randomly moving target with a robotic interface. The results exhibit a differentiated effect of these sensory modalities, where participants’ muscle coactivation increases with the haptic noise and decreases with the visual noise, in apparent contradiction to previous results. These results can be explained when considering muscle spring-like mechanics, where stiffness increases with coactivation to regulate motion guidance. Increasing coactivation to more closely follow the motion plan favors accurate visual over haptic information, while decreasing it filters visual noise and relies more on accurate haptic information. We formulated this active sensing mechanism as the optimization of visuo-haptic information and effort. This optimal information and effort (OIE) model can explain the adaptation of muscle activity to unimodal and multimodal sensory information when interacting with fixed or dynamic environments, or with another human, and can be used to optimize human-robot interaction. © 2025 Cheng et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

关键词： Human robot interaction

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Model-centric volumetric point cloud attributes

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： de Queiroz, Ricardo L. Dorea, Camilo Freitas, Davi R. Krivokuća, Maja Sandri, Gustavo P. Computer Science Department Universidade de Brasilia Brasilia Brazil Post-Graduate Program at the Electrical Engineering Science Department Universidade de Brasilia Brasilia Brazil INRIA Rennes France Federal Institute of Brasilia Brasilia Brazil

Point clouds have recently gained interest, especially for real-time applications and for 3D-scanned material, such as is used in autonomous driving, architecture, and engineering, to model real estate for renovation or display. Point clouds are associated with geometry information and attributes such as color. Be the color unique or direction-dependent (in the case of plenoptic point clouds), it reflects the colors observed by cameras displaced around the object. Hence, not only are the viewing references assumed, but the illumination spectrum and illumination geometry is also implicit. We propose a model-centric description of the 3D object, that is independent of the illumination and of the position of the cameras. We want to be able to describe the objects themselves such that, at a later stage, the rendering of the model may decide where to place illumination, from which it may calculate the image viewed by a given camera. We want to be able to describe transparent or translucid objects, mirrors, fishbowls, fog and smoke. Volumetric clouds may allow us to describe the air, however "empty", and introduce air particles, in a manner independent of the viewer position. For that, we rely on some eletromagnetic properties to arrive at seven attributes per voxel that would describe the material and its color or transparency. Three attributes are for the transmissivity of each color, three are for the attenuation of each color, and another attribute is for diffuseness. These attributes give information about the object to the renderer, with whom lies the decision on how to render and depict each object. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Color

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Precision Oral Medicine: A DPR Segmentation and Transfer Learning Approach for Detecting Third Molar Compress Inferior Alveolar Nerve

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IEEE Journal of Translational engineering in Health and Medicine 2025年

作者： Lin, Yuan-Jin Chen, Shih-Lun Mao, Yi-Cheng Chen, Tsung-Yi Peng, Cheng-Hao Tsai, Tzu-Hsiang Li, Kuo-Chen Chen, Chiung-An Tu, Wei-Chen Abu, Patricia Angela R. National Cheng Kung University Department of Program on Semiconductor Manufacturing Technology Academy of Innovative Semiconductor and Sustainable Manufacturing Tainan City701401 Taiwan Chung Yuan Christian University Department of Electronic Engineering Taoyuan City32023 Taiwan Taoyuan Chang Gang Memorial Hospital Department of Operative Dentistry Taoyuan City33305 Taiwan Feng Chia University Department of Electronic Engineering Taichung city40724 Taiwan Chung Yuan Christian University Taoyuan City32023 Taiwan Chung Yuan Christian University Department of Information Management Taoyuan City32023 Taiwan Ming Chi University of Technology Department of Electronic Engineering New Taipei City243303 Taiwan National Cheng Kung University Department of Electrical Engineering Tainan city701401 Taiwan Ateneo de Manila University Department of Information Systems and Computer Science Quezon City Philippines

Objective: Extraction of the third molar of the mandible is one of the most common oral surgical procedures. Preoperative monitoring and assessment are crucial to mitigate neurological risks. Identifying whether the third molar in the mandible compresses the inferior alveolar nerve still relies on dental professionals, a task that is repetitive and time-consuming. Thus, the primary objective is to utilize dental panoramic radiography for image processing and classify whether the third molar compresses the inferior alveolar nerve, aiming to reduce the demand for CT images in symptom diagnosis and mitigate the risks associated with high-dose radiation. Technology or Method: This study proposes an innovative dental panoramic radiography segmentation technique to locate the third molar position. Subsequently, an innovative edge masking enhancement method is used to extract features of the inferior alveolar nerve and the third molar. Moreover, a transformer-based image detection model to consider whether the third molar compresses the inferior alveolar nerve. Results: The third molar position localization method achieved an accuracy rate of 97.92%, compared to recent research at least improved by 3.6% accuracy. Subsequently, innovative edge masking and image enhancement methods improve classification accuracy by 4.3%, when supplemented with computed tomography scan images for further evaluation, the maximum accuracy reached 98.45%, representing a 4.5% improvement compared to previous studies. Conclusions: The third molar position detection results will impact the identification of the inferior alveolar nerve compressed by the third molar. Through the innovative edge region segmentation algorithm can effectively distinguish this object, and the overall evaluation accuracy can be improved by approximately 3.8%. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Neurophysiology

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An Empirical Study of Security Practices for Microservices Systems

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2021年

作者： Ali, Rezaei Nasab Mojtaba, Shahin Ali, Hoseyni Raviz Seyed Peng, Liang Amir, Mashmool Valentina, Lenarduzzi School of Computer Science Wuhan University Wuhan430072 China School of Computing Technologies RMIT University Melbourne3000 Australia Department of Computer Science Bioengineering Robotics and System Engineering University of Genoa Genoa16126 Italy Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering University of Oulu OuluFI-90014 Finland

Despite the numerous benefits of microservices systems, security has been a critical issue in such systems. Several factors explain this difficulty, including a knowledge gap among microservices practitioners on properly securing a microservices system. To (partially) bridge this gap, we conducted an empirical study. We first manually analyzed 861 microservices security points, including 567 issues, 9 documents, and 3 wiki pages from 10 GitHub open-source microservices systems and 306 Stack Overflow posts concerning security in microservices systems. In this study, a microservices security point is referred to as "a GitHub issue, a Stack Overflow post, a document, or a wiki page that entails 5 or more microservices security paragraphs". Our analysis led to a catalog of 28 microservices security practices. We then ran a survey with 74 microservices practitioners to evaluate the usefulness of these 28 practices. Our findings demonstrate that the survey respondents affirmed the usefulness of the 28 practices. We believe that the catalog of microservices security practices can serve as a valuable resource for microservices practitioners to more effectively address security issues in microservices systems. It can also inform the research community of the required or less explored areas to develop microservices-specific security practices and tools. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Open systems

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Beta-Band Cortico-Muscular Phase Coherence in Hemiparetic Stroke

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Parmar, Nishaal Sirpal, Parikshat Sikora, William A. Dewald, Julius P.A. Refai, Hazem H. Yang, Yuan University of Oklahoma School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Gallogly College of Engineering NormanOK United States University of Oklahoma Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering NormanOK United States Northwestern University Departments of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences ChicagoIL United States Northwestern University Departments of Biomedical Engineering EvanstonIL United States University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Department of Bioengineering Grainger College of Engineering UrbanaIL United States Carle Foundation Hospital Stephenson Family Clinical Research Institute Clinical Imaging Research Center UrbanaIL United States University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology UrbanaIL United States

During post-stroke recovery, the brain undergoes reorganization, compensating for loss of ipsilesional corticospinal and corticobulbar pathways, resulting in increased contralesional cortical activity during paretic arm movement tasks. Better understanding underlying mechanisms may improve post-stroke motor rehabilitation, with the study objective being to provide insight into poststroke contralesional cortical adaptation. This proof-of-concept study involves eight healthy controls and ten post-stroke participants. Electroencephalographic (EEG) and deltoid electromyographic (EMG) data were collected during an upper-limb exertion task. Phase coupling between beta-band motor cortex EEG and deltoid EMG was assessed using the Multi-Phase Locking Value (M-PLV) method. The nerve conduction delay from the contralateral motor cortex to the deltoid muscle of the paretic arm was estimated from EEG/EMG phase coherence. Our results show the ipsilateral (contralesional) motor cortex beta-band phase coherence behavior is altered in stroke participants. These show a significant difference in ipsilateral EEG-EMG coherence values, ipsilateral time course percentage above the significance threshold, and ipsilateral time course area above the significance threshold, in comparison to controls. M-PLV phase coherence analysis provides evidence for poststroke contralesional motor adaptation, highlighting its increased role in the paretic shoulder abduction task. Nerve conduction delay between the motor cortexes and deltoid muscle is significantly higher in stroke participants. Beta-band M-PLV phase coherence analysis shows greater phase-coherence distribution convergence between the ipsilateral and contralateral motor cortices in stroke participants, which we conclude may be interpreted as evidence of maladaptive neural adaptation resulting from a greater reliance on the contralesional motor cortex. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Electroencephalography

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Data and Physics driven Deep Learning Models for Fast MRI Reconstruction: Fundamentals and Methodologies

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2024年

作者： Huang, Jiahao Wu, Yinzhe Wang, Fanwen Fang, Yingying Nan, Yang Alkan, Cagan Abraham, Daniel Liao, Congyu Xu, Lei Gao, Zhifan Wu, Weiwen Zhu, Lei Chen, Zhaolin Lally, Peter Bangerter, Neal Setsompop, Kawin Guo, Yike Rueckert, Daniel Wang, Ge Yang, Guang Department of Bioengineering Faculty of Engineering Imperial College London Exhibition Road LondonSW7 2AZ United Kingdom Imperial-X and School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences King's College London United Kingdom Department of Electrical Engineering Stanford University CA94305 United States Department of Radiology Beijing Anzhen Hospital Capital Medical University 2nd Anzhen Road Chaoyang District Beijing100029 China School of Biomedical Engineering Sun Yat-sen University Guangdong Guangzhou510006 China Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hongkong Hong Kong Department of Data Science and AI Faculty of Information Technology Monash University Wellington Rd ClaytonVIC3800 Australia Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Boise State University ID83725 United States Department of Radiology Stanford University CA94305 United States Department of Computing Imperial College London South Kensington Campus LondonSW7 2AZ United Kingdom Technical University of Munich Munich80333 Germany New York United States

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a pivotal clinical diagnostic tool, yet its extended scanning times often compromise patient comfort and image quality, especially in volumetric, temporal and quantitative scans. This review elucidates recent advances in MRI acceleration via data and physics-driven models, leveraging techniques from algorithm unrolling models, enhancement-based methods, and plug-and-play models to the emerging full spectrum of generative model-based methods. We also explore the synergistic integration of data models with physics-based insights, encompassing the advancements in multi-coil hardware accelerations like parallel imaging and simultaneous multi-slice imaging, and the optimization of sampling patterns. We then focus on domain-specific challenges and opportunities, including image redundancy exploitation, image integrity, evaluation metrics, data heterogeneity, and model generalization. This work also discusses potential solutions and future research directions, with an emphasis on the role of data harmonization and federated learning for further improving the general applicability and performance of these methods in MRI reconstruction. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Magnetic resonance imaging

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