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Highly transparent anti-reflection coating enhances the underwater efficiency and stability of perovskite solar modules

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Nano Research 2024年第9期17卷 8126-8133页

作者： Feng Qian Shihao Yuan Ting Zhang Lei Wang Xiaobo Li Hualin Zheng Qien Xu Zhi David Chen Shibin Li School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 610054China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Center for Nanoscale Science and Engineering University of KentuckyLexingtonKentucky 40506USA

Perovskite solar cells have shown great potential in the field of underwater solar cells due to their excellent optoelectronic properties;however,their underwater performance and stability still hinder their practical *** this research,a 1H,1H,2H,2H-heptadecafluorodecyl acrylate(HFDA)anti-reflection coating(ARC)was introduced as a high-transparent material for encapsulating perovskite solar modules(PSMs).Optical characterization results revealed that HFDA can effectively reduce reflection of light below 800 nm,aiding in the absorption of light within this wavelength range by underwater solar ***,a remarkable efficiency of 14.65%was achieved even at a water depth of 50 ***,the concentration of Pb^(2+)for HFDA-encapsulated film is significantly reduced from 186 to 16.5 ppb after being immersed in water for 347 ***,the encapsulated PSMs still remained above 80%of their initial efficiency after continuous underwater illumination for 400 ***,being exposed to air,the encapsulated PSMs maintained 94%of their original efficiency after 1000 h light *** highly transparent ARC shows great potentials in enhancing the stability of perovskite devices,applicable not only to underwater cells but also extendable to land-based photovoltaic devices.

关键词： underwater photovoltaics perovskite solar modules anti-reflection coating underwater stability

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A survey on cross-user federated recommendation

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science China(Information sciences) 2025年第4期68卷 7-32页

作者： Enyue YANG Yudi XIONG Wei YUAN Weike PAN Qiang YANG Zhong MING College of Computer Science and Software Engineering Shenzhen University School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science The University of Queensland WeBank AI Lab WeBank Department of Computer Science and Engineering Hong Kong University of Science and Technology College of Big Data and Internet Shenzhen Technology University Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (SZ)

Recommender systems are effective in mitigating information overload, yet the centralized storage of user data raises significant privacy concerns. Cross-user federated recommendation(CUFR) provides a promising distributed paradigm to address these concerns by enabling privacy-preserving recommendations directly on user devices. In this survey, we review and categorize current progress in CUFR, focusing on four key aspects: privacy, security, accuracy, and efficiency. Firstly,we conduct an in-depth privacy analysis, discuss various cases of privacy leakage, and then review recent methods for privacy protection. Secondly, we analyze security concerns and review recent methods for untargeted and targeted *** untargeted attack methods, we categorize them into data poisoning attack methods and parameter poisoning attack methods. For targeted attack methods, we categorize them into user-based methods and item-based methods. Thirdly,we provide an overview of the federated variants of some representative methods, and then review the recent methods for improving accuracy from two categories: data heterogeneity and high-order information. Fourthly, we review recent methods for improving training efficiency from two categories: client sampling and model compression. Finally, we conclude this survey and explore some potential future research topics in CUFR.

关键词： cross-user federated recommendation federated recommendation federated learning recommender systems user privacy

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An efficient single unit for virtual-machine placement in cloud data centres

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International Journal of Information and Communication Technology 2024年第1期25卷 1-24页

作者： Ismaeel, Salam Miri, Ali Al-Khazraji, Ayman Department of Computer Science Ryerson University Toronto Canada Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering University of Bahrain Manama Bahrain

There are numerous energy minimisation plans that are adopted in today’s data centres (DCs). The highest important ones are those that depend on switching off unused physical machines (PMs). This is usually done by optimal distribution and/or reallocating of virtual machines (VMs) on the selected servers, while maintaining the quality of service (QoS) to ensure the performance of a DC. In this work, a novel server machine condition index (MCI) has been proposed, which includes all resources related to servers available in the DC using a single unit. The MCI represents a dynamic tool to compare services, increase effectiveness, reflect PM adequation, and ensure the optimal management of heterogeneous DC resources. The MCI will be used to convert the multi-objective VM allocation optimisation problem into a single-objective problem. This work will identify the MCI components and the way that can be used as a cloud resource unit, and modified VMP algorithms. Copyright © 2024 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

关键词： Electric power utilization

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Bidirectional Photoelectric Response of Perovskite Oxide-Based Synaptic ReRAM Device

IEEE Electron Device Letters

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IEEE Electron Device Letters 2024年第3期45卷 384-387页

作者： Shrivastava, Saransh Limantoro, Stephen Ekaputra Juliano, Hans Tseng, Tseung-Yuen Hsinchu30010 Taiwan Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Hsinchu30010 Taiwan

Photo sensing capability of an artificial synaptic device make it more valuable for brain-inspired computing systems, which can conquer the von Neumann bottleneck. In this letter, Ba0.7 Sr0.3 TiO3 (BST) based single layered resistive random access memory (ReRAM) device is proposed with its four different photoelectric applications. First, bidirectional photoelectric response (BPR) is achieved via 405 and 633 nm wavelengths stimulation. Second, this novel BPR contributes to the emulation of light potentiation, and light depression behaviors. Third, an important neurological behavior 'experience dependent plasticity (EDP)' is mimicked by frequency modulation of 405 nm light pulse. Fourth, ultra-high (>200%) indices of post-tetanic potentiation and depression (PTP/PTD) are achieved by amplifying the device conductance as a result of two different pulse train stimulations. A convolutional neural network is designed to classify Zalando's article images with a test accuracy of 87.7%. These results provide an opportunity for the development of multi-wavelength dependent multifunctional artificial brain-inspired systems. © 1980-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Neural networks

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RelaxVR: Cybersickness Reduction in Immersive Virtual Reality through Explainable AI and Large Language Models

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IEEE Access 2025年 13卷 84689-84712页

作者： Kundu, Ripan Kumar Hoque, Khaza Anuarul University of Missouri Department of Electrical Engineering Computer Science ColumbiaMO United States

Virtual reality (VR) systems are susceptible to cybersickness, significantly hindering user immersion. Very recently, researchers introduced explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) enabled methods for detecting and explaining cybersickness features. Since XAI methods can identify the dominant features causing cybersickness, we argue that this knowledge can also guide the dynamic adoption of effective cybersickness reduction strategies, unlike state-of-the-art static approaches that rely on fixed methods. This paper introduces a new dataset MazeSick and RelaxVR, an interactive XAI-guided VR cybersickness reduction framework to predict, explain, and reduce cybersickness. Specifically, we propose an innovative XAI-guided cybersickness reduction engine, which selects the most appropriate reduction technique based on XAI-provided feature importance scores from a cybersickness reduction library of different reduction techniques. We also design an interactive dialogue system powered by large language models, enabling users to engage in the VR simulation via voice commands to understand the reasoning of cybersickness and select effective reduction strategies through natural language interaction. We deployed RelaxVR on a consumer-grade VR headset (e.g., HTC VIVE Pro) and validated it through a user study on cybersickness evaluation, where participants were immersed in a custom-built VR Maze simulation. Our results demonstrate that RelaxVR effectively reduces cybersickness with minimal impact on immersion, and 94% of the users agreed that RelaxVR is highly effective for reducing cybersickness and easier to use through the dialogue engine for selecting effective reduction strategies. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Virtual reality

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A New Approach to Determine Feasible Operating Region of Unbalanced Distribution Networks with Distributed Photovoltaics

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IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 2025年第3期40卷 1493-1504页

作者： Prasad, Manorath Rather, Zakir Hussain Razzaghi, Reza Doolla, Suryanarayana Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Department of Energy Science and Engineering Mumbai India Monash University Department of Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering Melbourne Australia

Amidst rising distributed generation and its potential role in grid management, this article presents a new realistic approach to determine the operational space and flexibility potential of an unbalanced active distribution network. The feasible operating region of an active distribution network is constituted by its range of active-reactive power exchanges with the bulk power system without breaching network constraints. This study explores the potential of highly penetrated single- and three-phase distributed photovoltaics and voltage-sensitive loads to determine the feasible operating region at different operating points. The cumulative response of Volt-Var controlled distributed photovoltaics and voltage-sensitive loads determines the power flow at the bulk power system-active distribution network interconnection, ensuring feasibility with respect to voltage magnitude and unbalance constraints. Further, the correspondence of feasible operating region with the tap-settings of substation transformer enables a novel feature to traverse throughout the available operating region and facilitate bulk power system-active distribution network power coordination. Additionally, a nodal sensitivity-based adjustable Volt-Var control scheme is proposed for distributed photovoltaics, improving the feasible operating region. The proposed strategy is validated on bulk power systemactive distribution network integrated test system. Bulk power system: IEEE-9 bus system-Active distribution network: (highly unbalanced IEEE-13 bus distribution system (medium voltage) + modified CIGRE low voltage system). © 1986-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Power distribution networks

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Pyramid diffractive optical networks for unidirectional image magnification and demagnification

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Light(science & Applications) 2024年第9期13卷 1841-1864页

作者： Bijie Bai Xilin Yang Tianyi Gan Jingxi Li Deniz Mengu Mona Jarrahi Aydogan Ozcan Electrical and Computer Engineering Department University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA Bioengineering Department University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA California NanoSystems Institute(CNSI) University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA

Diffractive deep neural networks(D2NNs)are composed of successive transmissive layers optimized using supervised deep learning to all-optically implement various computational tasks between an input and output ***,we present a pyramid-structured diffractive optical network design(which we term P-D2NN),optimized specifically for unidirectional image magnification and *** this design,the diffractive layers are pyramidally scaled in alignment with the direction of the image magnification or *** P-D2NN design creates high-fidelity magnified or demagnified images in only one direction,while inhibiting the image formation in the opposite direction—achieving the desired unidirectional imaging operation using a much smaller number of diffractive degrees of freedom within the optical processor ***,the P-D2NN design maintains its unidirectional image magnification/demagnification functionality across a large band of illumination wavelengths despite being trained with a single *** also designed a wavelength-multiplexed P-D2NN,where a unidirectional magnifier and a unidirectional demagnifier operate simultaneously in opposite directions,at two distinct illumination ***,we demonstrate that by cascading multiple unidirectional P-D2NN modules,we can achieve higher magnification *** efficacy of the P-D2NN architecture was also validated experimentally using terahertz illumination,successfully matching our numerical simulations.P-D2NN offers a physics-inspired strategy for designing task-specific visual processors.

关键词： unidirectional illumination opposite

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Space/Air Covert Communications:Potentials,Scenarios,and Key Technologies

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China Communications 2024年第3期21卷 1-18页

作者： Mao Haobin Liu Yanming Zhu Lipeng Mao Tianqi Xiao Zhenyu Zhang Rui Han Zhu Xia Xianggen School of Electronic and Information Engineering Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of SingaporeSingapore 117583Singapore School of Science and Engineering Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Datathe Chinese University of Hong KongShenzhenGuangdong 518172China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of HoustonHoustonTX 77004USA Department of Computer Science and Engineering Kyung Hee UniversitySeoulSouth Korea446-701 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of DelawareNewarkDE 19716USA

Space/air communications have been envisioned as an essential part of the next-generation mobile communication networks for providing highquality global connectivity. However, the inherent broadcasting nature of wireless propagation environment and the broad coverage pose severe threats to the protection of private data. Emerging covert communications provides a promising solution to achieve robust communication security. Aiming at facilitating the practical implementation of covert communications in space/air networks, we present a tutorial overview of its potentials, scenarios, and key technologies. Specifically, first, the commonly used covertness constraint model, covert performance metrics, and potential application scenarios are briefly introduced. Then, several efficient methods that introduce uncertainty into the covert system are thoroughly summarized, followed by several critical enabling technologies, including joint resource allocation and deployment/trajectory design, multi-antenna and beamforming techniques, reconfigurable intelligent surface(RIS), and artificial intelligence algorithms. Finally, we highlight some open issues for future investigation.

关键词： artificial intelligence(AI) sixth generation(6G) space-air-ground integrated networks(SAGINs) space/air covert communications

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Clustered Reinforcement Learning

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Frontiers of computer science 2025年第4期19卷 43-57页

作者： Xiao MA Shen-Yi ZHAO Zhao-Heng YIN Wu-Jun LI National Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology Department of Computer Science and TechnologyNanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA 94720-1770USA

Exploration strategy design is a challenging problem in reinforcement learning(RL),especially when the environment contains a large state space or sparse *** exploration,the agent tries to discover unexplored(novel)areas or high reward(quality)*** existing methods perform exploration by only utilizing the novelty of *** novelty and quality in the neighboring area of the current state have not been well utilized to simultaneously guide the agent’s *** address this problem,this paper proposes a novel RL framework,called clustered reinforcement learning(CRL),for efficient exploration in *** adopts clustering to divide the collected states into several clusters,based on which a bonus reward reflecting both novelty and quality in the neighboring area(cluster)of the current state is given to the *** leverages these bonus rewards to guide the agent to perform efficient ***,CRL can be combined with existing exploration strategies to improve their performance,as the bonus rewards employed by these existing exploration strategies solely capture the novelty of *** on four continuous control tasks and six hard-exploration Atari-2600 games show that our method can outperform other state-of-the-art methods to achieve the best performance.

关键词： deep reinforcement learning exploration count-based method clustering K-means

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electrical System Planning of Large-scale Offshore Wind Farm Based on N+ Design Considering Optimization of Upper Power Limits of Wind Turbines

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2023年第6期11卷 1784-1794页

作者： Shurong Wei Hao Wang Yang Fu Fangxing Li Lingling Huang IEEE Department of Electrical Power Engineering Shanghai University of Electric PowerShanghai 200090China Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science The University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN 37996USA

electrical system planning of the large-scale offshore wind farm is usually based on N-1 security for equipment lectotype. However, in this method, owing to the aggregation effect in large-scale offshore wind farms, offshore electrical equipment operates under low load for long periods, thus wasting resources. In this paper, we propose a method for electrical system planning of the large-scale offshore wind farm based on the N+ design. A planning model based on the power-limited operation of wind turbines under the N+ design is constructed, and a solution is derived with the optimization of the upper power limits of wind turbines. A comprehensive evaluation and game analysis of the economy, risk of wind abandonment, and environmental sustainability of the planned offshore electrical systems have been conducted. Moreover, the planning of an infield collector system, substation, and transmission system of an offshore electrical system based on the N+ design is integrated. For a domestic offshore wind farm, evaluation results show that the proposed planning method can improve the efficiency of wind energy utilization while greatly reducing the investment cost of the electrical system.

关键词： electrical system N+design offshore wind farm planning optimization

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