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Intelligent edge CDN with smart contract-aided local IoT sharing

High-Confidence Computing 2024年第4期4卷 56-68页

作者： Jiamin Fan Daming Liu Guoming Tang Kui Wu Xun Shao Department of Computer Science University of VictoriaVictoria BC V8W 2Y2Canada College of Computer Science and Technology Shanghai University of Electric PowerShanghai 200090China Peng Cheng Laboratory Shenzhen 518000China Department of Electrical and Electronic Information Engineering Toyohashi University of TechnologyToyohashi Aichi 441-8580Japan

A content delivery network(CDN)aims to reduce the content delivery latency to end-users by using distributed cache ***,deploying and maintaining cache servers on a large scale is very *** solve this problem,CDN providers have developed a new content delivery strategy:allowing end-users’s IoT edge devices to share their storage/bandwidth *** new edge CDN platform must address two core questions:(1)how can we incentivize end users to share IoT devices?(2)how can we facilitate a safe and transparent content transaction environment for end users?This paper introduces SmartSharing,a new content delivery network solution to address these *** smartSharing,the over-the-top(OTT)IoT devices belonging to end-users are used as mini-cache *** motivate end users to share the idle devices and storage/bandwidth resources,SmartSharing designs the content delivery schedule and the pricing scheme based on game theory and machine learning algorithms(specifically,a tailored expectation-maximization(EM)algorithm).To facilitate content trading among end users,SmartSharing creates a secure and transparent transaction platform based on smart contracts in *** addition,SmartSharing’s performance evaluation is through trace-driven simulations in the real world and a prototype using content metadata and the achieved pricing *** evaluation results show that CDN providers,end users and content providers can all benefit from our SmartSharing framework.

关键词： CDN over edge IoT Game theory EM algorithm Smart contracts

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Fast calculations of vector electromagnetics in 3d periodic structures based on multiple scattering theory and broadband green’s function

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Progress in Electromagnetics Research 2024年 179卷 19-36页

作者： Tsang, Leung Liao, Tien-Hao Tan, Shurun Xu, Xiaolan Bai, Xuyang Gao, Ruoxing Radiation Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109 United States National Taipei University of Technology Taipei10608 Taiwan Zhejiang University/University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Institute Zhejiang University Zhejiang Haining314400 China State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou310027 China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign UrbanaIL61801 United States Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology PasadenaCA91109 United States

We have developed a fast method of using Multiple Scattering Theory-Broadband Green’s Function (BBGF-MST) for band field calculations. In this paper, we successfully extended the method to the vector electromagnetic case of 3D periodic structures. In the MST-BBGF approach, the broadband transformation to vector spherical waves for 3D is derived using the Broadband Green’s function. The band eigenvalue problem is expressed in terms of the single scatterer T matrix which is independent of the periodic lattice nor the Bloch vector. For the first five bands, the dimension of the KKR eigen equation is merely 6, as 6 vector spherical waves are utilized for the scattered waves. We make extensive comparisons of the results with the commercial software COMSOL in both accuracy and computation efficiency. The CPU requirement on a standard laptop for the MST-BBGF method is merely 0.309 seconds for the first 5 bands. The MST-BBGF method is accurate and is at least two orders of magnitude faster than commercial software COMSOL. In the band field calculations, we employ the approach of extended coefficient to use the low order eigenvector of 6 to extend to 240 vector spherical wave coefficients without the need of recalculating the eigenvalue nor the eigenvector of the KKR equation. The extended coefficients approach gives accurate band field solutions for the entire (0, 0, 0) cell. © 2024, Electromagnetics Academy. All rights reserved.

关键词： Periodic structures

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A variable structure model of neurons’ application in computer vision

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年 1-11页

作者： Sridi, Alaeddine Attia, Mouna Bouallegue, Kais Electronics and Micro-Electronics Laboratory Faculty of Sciences of Monastir University of Monastir Monastir Tunisia The Higher Institute of Computer Science and Communication Technologies of Hammam Sousse University of Sousse Sousse Tunisia Laboratory of Computer Science Parallelism and Intelligent Communicating Systems Faculty of Sciences of Tunisia University of Tunis ELManar Tunis Tunisia Department of Electrical Engineering Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology of Sousse University of Sousse Sousse Tunisia

The neuron doctrine defines the neuron as the basic unit of the nervous system, which drives the dynamic behavior of our organs. This has led to neurons becoming the focus of modern neuroscience research and to the rise of neurocomputing, in which we try to digitally simulate human behavior. The goal being to better understand the human nervous system and gain more control over neuron-related diseases, helping doctors establish faster and more reliable medical diagnoses. In this context, we aim to simulate eye diseases and vision problems by convolving input images using a new class of neural networks based on a variable structure model of neurons presented in [1]. In this work, we focus on recreating the common convolution filters as a first step. This is the first time in neurocomputing literature that dendritic neurons have been used for dynamic convolution kernels generation and eye diseases simulation. We start with a presentation of our upgrades to the model’s flexibility and accuracy. Then, we propose a novel kernel generator algorithm to convolve the input images. Finally, we show its promising results in creating the outline, pixelization, and night convolution kernels, as well as control some metrics, including brightness and data retention. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Neurons

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A Triple-mode Wideband Filtering Antenna with Planar Configuration by Combining One SIW cavity and Two Half-mode Patch Resonators

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IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 2025年第6期24卷 1512-1516页

作者： Liu, Qianwen Li, Chengyu Zhu, Lei Tang, Yiming Lu, Wen-Jun Lyu, Yun-Peng Huang, Feng Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications College of Telecommunications and Information Engineering Nanjing210003 China State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves Nanjing210003 China Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications College of Electronic and Optical Engineering Nanjing210023 China University of Macau Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty of Science and Technology China

In this letter, a triple-mode wideband filtering antenna with planar configuration is presented. The designed antenna has a single substrate layer, which consists of one half-mode circular patch resonator, one half-mode rectangular patch resonator, and one rectangular SIW cavity, and it is fed through the conventional coaxial probe. On the basis of the field analysis, these three types of resonators are compactly integrated without disturbing the resonant properties of their dominant modes. Given this, three resonant modes of half-TM11, half-TM10, and TE11 are well generated, so as to form a widened operating band. Meanwhile, four radiation nulls are produced from far-field radiation cancellation with the increased radiation boundaries. For validation, a prototype antenna with the center frequency of 2.8 GHz is designed and fabricated. The measured results indicate that the proposed antenna achieves an improved fractional bandwidth of 15.7% under three in-band resonances. Besides, four radiation nulls created at 2.32, 3.22, 3.49, and 3.89 GHz in stopband effectively enhance the out-of-band suppression level. Moreover, low profile of 0.037λ0 is also implemented. © 2002-2011 IEEE.

关键词： Microstrip antennas

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On tuning of ADRC with competing design indices:a quantitative study

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Control Theory and Technology 2023年第1期21卷 16-33页

作者： Yutao Zhao Yi Huang Zhiqiang Gao Key Laboratory of Systems and Control Academy of Mathematics and Systems ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Mathematical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Center for Advanced Control TechnologiesCleveland State UniversityClevelandOH 44115USA

Controller optimization has mostly been done by minimizing a certain single cost *** practice,however,engineers must contend with multiple and conflicting considerations,denoted as design indices(DIs)in this *** to account for such complexity and nuances is detrimental to the applications of any advanced control *** paper addresses this challenge heads on,in the context of active disturbance rejection controller(ADRC)and with four competing DIs:stability margins,tracking,disturbance rejection,and noise *** this end,the lower bound for the bandwidth of the extended state observer is first established for guaranteed closed-loop ***,one by one,the mathematical formula is meticulously derived,connecting each DI to the set of controller *** our best knowledge,this has not been done in the context of *** formulas allow engineers to see quantitatively how the change of each tuning parameter would impact all of the DIs,thus making the guesswork *** example is given to show how such analytical methods can help engineers quickly determine controller parameters in a practical scenario.

关键词： Uncertain systems Active disturbance rejection control(ADRC) Design indices(DIs) Extended state observer(ESO)

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A Sparsity-driven tinyML Accelerator for Decoding Hand Kinematics in Brain-computer Interfaces

A Sparsity-driven tinyML Accelerator for Decoding Hand Kinem...

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2023 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and systems Conference, BioCAS 2023

作者： Krishna, Adithya Ramanathan, Vignesh Yadav, Satyapreet Singh Shah, Sahil Van Schaik, Andre Mehendale, Mahesh Thakur, Chetan Singh Indian Institute of Science Department of Electronic Systems Engineering Bangalore India The Marcs Institute Western Sydney University International Centre for Neuromorphic Systems Australia University of Maryland Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798350300260

Despite advances in understanding the mechanisms of movement disorders, controlling voluntary movements remains challenging, with limited treatment options. However, the integration of machine learning (ML) accelerators into the braincomputer interface (BCI) pipeline offers promising solutions by harnessing the capabilities of ML algorithms to decode intended motor actions accurately. While there have been numerous efforts to classify intended hand movements into discrete classes, the challenging problem of decoding continuous hand kinematics has seen limited research efforts. Our work focuses on tackling this challenge using RAMAN, an energy-efficient tinyML accelerator. We demonstrate the successful decoding of macaque hand kinematics from the MC_Maze dataset on the Efinix Ti60 FPGA with RAMAN architecture. Our approach achieves an R2-score of 0.91 across 108 different maze configurations with a significantly low memory footprint of 230 KB, a latency of 86.7 ms while consuming 52.23 mW of power at a 5 MHz clock rate and 5.78 ms latency with the peak power efficiency of 102.34 GOp/s/W at 75 MHz and 75% pruning. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： BCI Energy-efficient FPGA Hand kinematics RAMAN Regression Sparsity tinyML accelerator

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Parity‑time symmetry enabled ultra‑efficient nonlinear optical signal processing

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eLight 2024年第1期4卷 238-250页

作者： Chanju Kim Xinda Lu Deming Kong Nuo Chen Yuntian Chen Leif Katsuo Oxenlowe Kresten Yvind Xinliang Zhang Lan Yang Minhao Pu Jing Xu School of Optical and Electronic Information Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyLuoyu Road 1037#Wuhan 430074China DTU Electro Department of Electrical and Photonics EngineeringTechnical University of Denmarkosteds Plads 343Kongens Lyngby 2800Denmark Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyLuoyu Road 1037#Wuhan 430074China Optics Valley Laboratory Hubei 430074China Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering Washington UniversitySt.LouisMO 63130USA.

Nonlinear optical signal processing(NOSP)has the potential to significantly improve the throughput,flexibility,and cost-efficiency of optical communication networks by exploiting the intrinsically ultrafast optical nonlinear wave *** can support digital signal processing speeds of up to terabits per second,far exceeding the line rate of the electronic *** NOSP,high-intensity light fields are used to generate nonlinear optical responses,which can be used to process optical *** efforts have been devoted to developing new materials and structures for ***,one of the challenges in implementing NOSP is the requirement of high-intensity light fields,which is difficult to generate and *** has been a major roadblock to realize practical NOSP systems for high-speed,high-capacity optical ***,we propose using a parity-time(PT)symmetric microresonator system to significantly enhance the light intensity and support high-speed operation by relieving the bandwidth-efficiency limit imposed on conventional single resonator *** design concept is the coexistence of a PT symmetry broken regime for a narrow-linewidth pump wave and near-exceptional point operation for broadband signal and idler *** enables us to achieve a new NOSP system with two orders of magnitude improvement in efficiency compared to a single *** a highly nonlinear AlGaAs-on-Insulator platform,we demonstrate an NOSP at a data rate approaching 40 gigabits per second with a record low pump power of one *** findings pave the way for the development of fully chip-scale NOSP devices with pump light sources integrated together,potentially leading to a wide range of applications in optical communication networks and classical or quantum *** combination of PT symmetry and NOSP may also open up opportunities for amplification,detection,and sensing,where response speed and efficiency are equally important.

关键词： pump resonator signal

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Automated explainable and interpretable framework for anomaly detection and human activity recognition in smart homes

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Neural Computing and Applications 2025年第16期37卷 9295-9308页

作者： Kim, Tae Hoon Ojo, Stephen Krichen, Moez Alamro, Meznah A. Mihoub, Alaeddine Sampedro, Gabriel Avelino School of Information and Electronic Engineering Zhejiang University of Science and Technology No. 318 Zhejiang Hangzhou China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering College of Engineering Anderson University AndersonSC29621 United States Al-Baha University Al-Baha65528 Saudi Arabia ReDCAD Laboratory University of Sfax Sfax3038 Tunisia Department of Information Technology College of Computer and Information Science Princess Nourah Bint Abdul Rahman University Riyadh11564 Saudi Arabia Department of Management Information Systems College of Business and Economics Qassim University P.O. Box: 6640 Buraidah51452 Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science University of the Philippines Diliman Quezon City1101 Philippines

This paper presents a comprehensive framework for activity recognition and anomaly detection in smart home environments, targeting applications in convenience, efficiency, responsiveness, and healthcare. The proposed framework incorporates explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) to interpret feature impacts on learning models and optimize feature selection for activity recognition and anomaly detection. The study examines the recognition of two activity sets: Activities Set I, comprising 8 activities, and Activities Set II, comprising 11 activities. Various machine learning models (random forest (RF), decision tree (DT), and XGBoost (XGB)) are employed, along with an ensemble voting classifier (EVC) with these machine learning. EVC achieved 91% accuracy for Activities Set I and 90–91% accuracy for Activities Set II. The model demonstrated strong precision, recall, and F1-score across most classes. For anomaly detection, the Isolation Forest and H2O Isolation Forest Estimator algorithms are utilized to uncover irregularities in daily routines. The Isolation Forest identified anomalies in activities such as chores and desk-related tasks, while the H2O Isolation Forest Estimator detected no anomalies in either activity set. This study underscores the potential of the proposed framework to enhance smart home functionality and highlights avenues for future research and system improvements. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Adversarial machine learning

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Training Graph Neural Networks on Growing Stochastic Graphs 48

Training Graph Neural Networks on Growing Stochastic Graphs

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48th IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, ICASSP 2023

作者： Cerviño, Juan Ruiz, Luana Ribeiro, Alejandro University of Pennsylvania Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering Philadelphia United States Mit Computer Science & Artificial Intelligence Laboratory Cambridge United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781728163277

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) rely on graph convolutions to exploit meaningful patterns in networked data. Based on matrix multiplications, convolutions incur in high computational costs leading to scalability limitations in practice. To overcome these limitations, proposed methods rely on training GNNs in smaller number of nodes, and then transferring the GNN to larger graphs. Even though these methods are able to bound the difference between the output of the GNN with different number of nodes, they do not provide guarantees against the optimal GNN on the very large graph. In this paper, we propose to learn GNNs on very large graphs by leveraging the limit object of a sequence of growing graphs, the graphon. We propose to grow the size of the graph as we train, and we show that our proposed methodology - learning by transference - converges to a neighborhood of a first order stationary point on the graphon data. A numerical experiment validates our proposed approach. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Graph Neural Networks Graphons

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Enhancing Impulse Response-Based SSVEP Decoding Method by Incorporating Temporal Local Correlation 7

Enhancing Impulse Response-Based SSVEP Decoding Method by In...

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7th International Conference on Biological Information and Biomedical engineering, BIBE 2024

作者： Huang, Jiayang Wang, Jiaxi Yang, Pengfei Xiong, Bang Zhang, Zhi-Qiang School of Computer Science and Technology The Key Laboratory of Smart Human-Computer Interaction Wearable Technology of Shaanxi Province Xidian University China School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering Institute of Robotics Autonomous Systems and Sensing University of Leeds United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9783800762910

Various training-based spatial filtering methods have been proposed to classify steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP)-based brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). However, many overlook the temporal instability of SSVEPs, leading to decreased classification performance. Therefore, we propose an SSVEP decoding method that calculates template signals and spatial filters using the subject's impulse responses and periodic impulses, incorporating the temporally local correlation coefficient in the SSVEP decoding process. Then, we employ a combined correlation coefficient for SSVEP classification. The proposed method addresses the temporal instability of SSVEPs, with template signals that exhibit strong individual characteristics. Utilizing a public benchmark dataset, we achieved a classification accuracy of 87.43% and an ITR of 256.1 bits/min at 1s time window, demonstrating the performance of this method. Compared to other classical spatial filtering methods, the proposed method demonstrates superior classification performance, which can enhance the practical usability of SSVEP-BCI systems. © VDE VERLAG GMBH.

关键词： Wiener filtering

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