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Not All Fabrics Are Created Equal: Exploring eFPGA Parameters for IP Redaction

IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) systems 2023年第10期31卷 1459-1471页

作者： Bhandari, Jitendra Moosa, Abdul Khader Thalakkattu Tan, Benjamin Pilato, Christian Gore, Ganesh Tang, Xifan Temple, Scott Gaillardon, Pierre-Emmanuel Karri, Ramesh New York University Center for Cybersecurity New YorkNY11201 United States University of Calgary Department of Electrical and Software Engineering CalgaryT2N 1N4 Canada Politecnico di Milano Informazione e Bioingegneria Dipartimento di Elettronica Milan20133 Italy The University of Utah Laboratory for NanoIntegrated Systems Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Salt Lake CityUT84112 United States

Semiconductor design houses rely on third-party foundries to manufacture their integrated circuits (ICs). While this trend allows them to tackle fabrication costs, it introduces security concerns as external (and potentially malicious) parties can access critical parts of the designs and steal or modify the intellectual property (IP). Embedded field-programmable gate array (eFPGA) redaction is a promising technique to protect critical IPs of an ASIC by redacting (i.e., removing) critical parts and mapping them onto a custom reconfigurable fabric. Only trusted parties will receive the correct bitstream to restore the redacted functionality. While previous studies imply that using an eFPGA is a sufficient condition to provide security against IP threats like reverse-engineering, whether this truly holds for all eFPGA architectures is unclear, thus motivating the study in this article. We examine the security of eFPGA fabrics generated by varying different FPGA design parameters. We characterize the power, performance, and area (PPA) characteristics and evaluate each fabric's resistance to Boolean satisfiability (SAT)-based bitstream recovery. Our results encourage designers to work with custom eFPGA fabrics rather than off-The-shelf commercial FPGAs and reveals that only considering a redaction fabric's bitstream size is inadequate for gauging security. © 1993-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Fabrication

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Robust Non-adaptive Group Testing under Errors in Group Membership Specifications

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Banerjee, Shuvayan Srivastava, Radhendushka Saunderson, James Rajwade, Ajit IITB-Monash Research Academy Australia The Department of Mathematics IIT Bombay India The Department of Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering Monash University Australia The Department of Computer Science and Engineering IIT Bombay India

关键词： Specifications

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Novel Aerial User Equipment Task Offloading Optimization in Integrated 6G Terrestrial and Non-Terrestrial Networks: A Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach

Novel Aerial User Equipment Task Offloading Optimization in ...

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IEEE Conference on Global Communications (GLOBECOM)

作者： Nway Nway Ei Sheikh Salman Hassan Yan Kyaw Tun Zhu Han Choong Seon Hong Department of Computer Science and Engineering Kyung Hee University Yongin Republic of Korea Department of Electronic Systems Aalborg University København Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Houston Houston TX

ISBN: (数字)9798350351255

ISBN: (纸本)9798350351262

This paper investigates a novel network architecture – the 6G integrated terrestrial-non-terrestrial network (ITNTN) with multi-access edge computing (ITNT-MEC). This system aims to bridge the connectivity gap between terrestrial infrastructure and non-terrestrial networks while offering real-time data processing through edge computing. We consider a scenario where aerial user equipments (AUEs) share resources of terrestrial base stations (TBSs) with terrestrial UEs (TUEs). We formulate an optimization problem to minimize the total energy consumption of both AUEs and TUEs. This problem involves joint optimization of AUE association (i.e., TBS or low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite), AUE trajectories, and TBS bandwidth allocation. Due to the dynamic network environment and non-convex optimization characteristics, solving this problem presents a significant challenge. To address this, we propose a novel algorithm that combines block coordinate descent (BCD) with deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG) and a convex optimization method. Simulation results demonstrate the significant reductions in total energy consumption compared to baseline approaches, achieving improvements of 23%, 36.6%, and 46.5% against DQN-TO, RA, and FT, respectively.

关键词： 6G mobile communication Energy consumption Satellites Simulation Low earth orbit satellites Channel allocation Convex functions Real-time systems Resource management Trajectory optimization

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Forecasting-Aided Graphical Learning for Robust State Estimation of Distribution System 1

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8th Purple Mountain Forum on Smart Grid Protection and Control, PMF 2023

作者： Di, Cao Zhao, Junbo Hu, Jiaxiang Huang, Yuehui Huang, Qi Chen, Zhe Hu, Weihao University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Connecticut StorrsCT06269 United States State Key Laboratory of Operation and Control of Renewable Energy and Storage Systems China Electric Power Research Institute Beijing China Department of Energy Technology Aalborg University Pontoppidanstraede 111 Aalborg Denmark

ISBN: (数字)9789819992515

ISBN: (纸本)9789819992508

The forecasting of of pseudo-measurements play an important role in distribution system state estimation (DSSE). This paper proposes robust DSSE method based on forecasting-aided graphical learning method. The nodal power consumption models are first built to produce pseudo-measurements based on deep neural network. Then, the pseudo-measurements and real-time measurements are represented as a graph according to the topology of the distribution network, which are further processed by a graph attention network to capture the mapping relationship between the graphical measurements and the state variables based on the error modeling of pseudo-measurements. The robustness against anomalous measurements is achieved through the embedding of structural information of DN. The modeling of pseudo-measurements further enhance its robustness by guiding the formulation of edge weights of the graph neural network. Comparative tests are carried out on a IEEE 119-node system to demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method. © 2024, State Grid Electric Power.

关键词： Electric power distribution

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An overview of recent progress in the development of flexible electrochromic devices

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Nano Materials science 2023年第4期5卷 369-391页

作者： Bin Wang Wu Zhang Feifei Zhao William W.Yu Abdulhakem Y.Elezzabi Linhua Liu Haizeng Li Optics and Thermal Radiation Research Center Institute of Frontier&Interdisciplinary ScienceShandong UniversityQingdao266237China School of Chemistry&Chemical Engineering Shandong UniversityJinan250100China Ultrafast Optics and Nanophotonics Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaT6G 2V4Canada

Electrochromic materials are capable of reversibly switching their colors or optical properties through redox reactions under applied voltages,which have shown great potential applications including smart windows,nonemissive displays,optical filters,among *** the current rigid electrochromic devices have shown emerging interest and developed rapidly,many applications(e.g.,wearable/deformable optoelectronics)are blocked due to their inflexible ***,the adaption of rigid electrochromic devices to flexible ones is of particular interest for the new era of smart *** this review,the current state-of-the-art achievements of flexible electrochromic devices(FECDs)are highlighted,along with their design strategies and the choice of electrochromic *** recent research progress of FECDs is reviewed in detail,and the challenges and corresponding solutions for real-world applications of FECDs are ***,we summarize the basic fabrication strategies of FECDs and their potential *** addition,the development trend,the perspectives,and the outlook of FECDs are discussed at the end of this Review,which may provide recommendations and potential directions to advance the practical applications of FECDs.

关键词： Electrochromism Flexible electrochromic devices Optoelectronics Optical materials

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On de Bruijn Array Codes, Part II: Linear Codes

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2025年

作者： Chee, Yeow Meng Etzion, Tuvi Lao, Huimin Department of Industrial Systems Engineering and Management National University of Singapore Singapore Computer Science Department Technion Israel Institute of Technology Haifa3200003 Israel Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore

An M-sequence generated by a primitive polynomial has many interesting and desirable properties. A pseudorandom array is the two-dimensional generalization of an M-sequence. Similarly to primitive polynomials, there are irreducible and reducible polynomials whose all nonzero sequences have the same length. In this paper, a two-dimensional generalization for such sequences is given. This generalization is for a pseudo-random array code which is a set of r1×r2 arrays in which each n1×n2 nonzero matrix is contained exactly once as a window in one of the arrays. Moreover, these arrays have the shift-and-add property, i.e., the bitwise addition of two arrays (or a nontrivial shift of such arrays) is another array (or a shift of another array) from the code. All the known arrays can be formed by folding sequences generated from an irreducible polynomial or a reducible polynomial whose factors have the same degree and the same exponent. Two proof techniques are used to prove the parameters of the constructed arrays. The first one is based on another method for constructing some of these arrays. The second one is a generalization of a known proof technique. This generalization enables to present pseudo-random arrays with parameters not known before and also a variety of pseudo-random array codes which cannot be generated by the first method. The two techniques also suggest two different hierarchies between pseudo-random array codes. Finally, a method to verify whether a folding of sequences, generated by these polynomials, yields a pseudo-random array or a pseudo-random array code, will be presented. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Polynomials

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Endurance-Limited Memories: Capacity and Codes

Endurance-Limited Memories: Capacity and Codes

引用

作者： Chee, Yeow Meng Horovitz, Michal Vardy, Alexander Vu, Van Khu Yaakobi, Eitan Department of Industrial Systems Engineering and Management National University of Singapore Singapore119077 Singapore Department of Computer Science Tel-Hai College Galilee Research Institute-Migal Upper Galilee Kiryat Shmona11016 Israel Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of California at San Diego La Jolla CA92093 United States Computer Science Department Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa3200003 Israel

Resistive memories, such as phase change memories and resistive random access memories have attracted significant attention in recent years due to their better scalability, speed, rewritability, and yet non-volatility. However, their limited endurance is still a major drawback that has to be improved before they can be widely adapted in large-scale systems. In this work, in order to reduce the wear out of the cells, we propose a new coding scheme, called endurance-limited memories (ELM) codes, that increases the endurance of these memories by limiting the number of cell programming operations. Namely, an -change t-write ELM code is a coding scheme that allows to write t messages into some n binary cells while guaranteeing that each cell is programmed at most ×. In case =1, these codes coincide with the well-studied write-once memory (WOM) codes. We study some models of these codes which depend upon whether the encoder knows on each write the number of times each cell was programmed, knows only the memory state, or even does not know anything. For the decoder, we consider these similar three cases. We fully characterize the capacity regions and the maximum sum-rates of three models where the encoder knows on each write the number of times each cell was programmed. In particular, it is shown that in these models the maximum sum-rate is\log\sum i=0 t i. We also study and expose the capacity regions of the models where the decoder is informed with the number of times each cell was programmed. Finally we present the most practical model where the encoder read the memory before encoding new data and the decoder has no information about the previous states of the memory. © 1963-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Phase change memory

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Evaluation of Chest CT-Scan Anomaly Detection Models Using Principal Component Analysis 25

Evaluation of Chest CT-Scan Anomaly Detection Models Using P...

引用

25th International Arab Conference on Information Technology, ACIT 2024

作者： Alyabrodi, Ala Al-Daja, Shrouq Injadat, MohammadNoor Moubayed, Abdallah Elrashidi, Ali Zarqa University Cyber Security Department Zarqa Jordan Zarqa University Data Science & Ai Department Zarqa Jordan King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals Research Center for Intelligent Secure Systems Computer Engineering Department and Interdisciplinary Dhahran Saudi Arabia University of Business and Technology Department of Electrical Engineering Jeddah21432 Saudi Arabia

ISBN: (纸本)9798331540012

Machine learning-based improvements in anomaly detection, visualization, and segmentation are made possible by the growing digitization of medical imaging, which reduces the workload for medical specialists. Nevertheless, trustworthy labeled data is necessary for supervised machine learning and is sometimes expensive, time-consuming, or impossible to get. Consequently, techniques that need either little labeling (unsupervised methods) or partial labeling (semi-supervised methods) have been used increasingly been used. One approach that can be used to tackle medical imaging tasks like segmentation and classification is anomaly detection, which makes use of both unsupervised and semi-supervised methods. This study investigates the anomaly detection capabilities of deep learning and machine learning models trained on chest CT scans. To adopt this approach, firstly, by evaluating several feature extraction techniques (Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Autoencoder, and variance threshold), PCA achieves the best results on the selected dataset. After that, different machine learning and deep learning models (Isolation Forest, K-means, feed-forward neural networks, and convolutional neural networks) are assessed to detect anomalies using PCA for dimensionality reduction. The experiments show that the NN-Feedforward model with PCA outperformed the other models, also attains remarkably low false alarm rate, demonstrating its effectiveness in reducing false positives and precisely detecting anomalies. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： computerized tomography

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Uplink Control Information Based Clustered Access and Discontinuous Reception Management for mMTC

引用

IEEE Communications Letters 2025年第6期29卷 1380-1384页

作者： Wang, Shao-Di Wang, Chang-Long Wang, Hui-Ming Zhou, Feng Leung, Victor C. M. Xidian University Key Laboratory of Electronic Information Countermeasure and Simulation Technology of Ministry of Education Xi’an710071 China Xi’an Jiaotong University School of Information and Communication Engineering Ministry of Education Key Lab for Intelligent Networks and Network Security Xi’an710049 China Shenzhen MSU BIT University Artificial Intelligence Research Institute Shenzhen518172 China Shenzhen University College of Computer Science and Software Engineering Shenzhen518060 China The University of British Columbia Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering VancouverBCV6T 1Z4 Canada

Uplink control information (UCI) and discontinuous reception (DRX) play important roles for massive machine type communication (mMTC). Despite their standalone significance, a conspicuous gap exists in comprehensively exploring the synergy between UCI and DRX concerning both energy conservation and latency reduction for mMTC. In this letter, we propose a UCI-based clustered access and DRX management (UCADM) scheme that strikes a balance between these two critical performance metrics, reducing energy usage while preserving low latency in uplink-downlink interaction for mMTC. Specifically, we present a strictly feasible solution for the proposed UCADM scheme by using the spectral radius and the constraint projection, which can effectively solve DRX switching operations as indicated by scheduling information from UCI. Simulation results confirm the effectiveness of our scheme. © 1997-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Information management

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Introduction of hydrogen technologies to mitigate the impact of thermal consumption in a university campus 3

Introduction of hydrogen technologies to mitigate the impact...

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3rd International Conference on Energy Transition in the Mediterranean Area, SyNERGY MED 2024

作者： Bracho, Jorge Charalambous, Chrysanthos Efthimiou, Venizelos Lagos, Dimitrios Samotyjak, Tomasz Askeland, Magnus Georghiou, George E. University of Cyprus PV Technology Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Nicosia Cyprus Efficient and Sustainable Energy Solutions PHAETHON Centre of Excellence for Intelligent Nicosia Cyprus Energy Systems Analytics Group Barcelona Spain Instytut Energetyki Gdansk Poland SINTEF Energy Research Energy Systems Trondheim Norway

ISBN: (纸本)9798350375923

It is imperative for energy systems to reduce their environmental footprint in a cost-efficient manner, for which renwable energy sources (RES) and complementary technologies become desirable options to achieve said task. This is particularly the case for systems with different energy sources, as they'd be able to either address one specific type of energy demand and/or allow for the coupling of different energy carriers that would allow for technologies that normally don't interact to start complementing each other. Therefore, this paper proposes various scenarios for the UCY campus in which hydrogen technologies would allow for the electrification of thermal demand while harnessing the surplus production coming from a solar park, which is modelled through the Integrate optimization tool and validated through DidSILENT PowerFactory. The results showcased a rise of up to 58% in self-sufficiency while the annual energy costs and CO2 emissions were reduced by 45% and 48% respectively. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Clean energy

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