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13th Annual International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services, MobiSys 2015

作者： Chen, Dongyao Cho, Kyong-Tak Han, Sihui Jin, Zhizhuo Shin, Kang G. Real-Time Computing Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Ann Arbor United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781450334945

Detecting how a vehicle is steered and then alarming drivers in real time is of utmost importance to the vehicle and the driver's safety, since fatal accidents are often caused by dangerous steering. Existing solutions for detecting dangerous maneuvers are implemented either in only high-end vehicles or on smartphones as mobile applications. However, most of them rely on the use of cameras, the performance of which is seriously constrained by their high visibility requirement. Moreover, such an over/sole-reliance on the use of cameras can be a distraction to the driver. To alleviate these problems, we develop a vehicle steering detection middleware called V-Sense which can run on commodity smartphones without additional sensors or infrastructure support. Instead of using cameras, the core of V-Sense senses a vehicle's steering by only utilizing non- vision sensors on the smartphone. We design and evaluate algorithms for detecting and di erentiating various vehicle maneuvers, including lane-changes, turns, and driving on curvy roads. Since V-Sense does not rely on use of cameras, its detection of vehicle steering is not a ected by the (in)visibility of road objects or other vehicles. We first detail the design, implementation and evaluation of V-Sense and then demonstrate its practicality with two prevalent use cases: camera-free steering detection and fine-grained lane guidance. Our extensive evaluation results show that V- Sense is accurate in determining and di erentiating various steering maneuvers, and is thus useful for a wide range of safety-assistance applications without additional sensors or infrastructure. Copyright © 2015 ACM.

关键词： Smartphones

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A pulsar-based timescale from the International Pulsar Timing Array

arXiv

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Hobbs, G. Guo, L. Caballero, R.N. Coles, W. Lee, K.J. Manchester, R.N. Reardon, D.J. Matsakis, D. Tong, M.L. Arzoumanian, Z. Bailes, M. Bassa, C.G. Bhat, N.D.R. Brazier, A. Burke-Spolaor, S. Champion, D.J. Chatterjee, S. Cognard, I. Dai, S. Desvignes, G. Dolch, T. Ferdman, R.D. Graikou, E. Guillemot, L. Janssen, G.H. Keith, M.J. Kerr, M. Kramer, M. Lam, M.T. Liu, K. Lyne, A. Lazio, T.J.W. Lynch, R. McKee, J.W. McLaughlin, M.A. Mingarelli, C.M.F. Nice, D.J. Oslowski, S. Pennucci, T.T. Perera, B.B.P. Perrodin, D. Possenti, A. Russell, C.J. Sanidas, S. Sesana, A. Shaifullah, G. Shannon, R.M. Simon, J. Spiewak, R. Stairs, I.H. Stappers, B.W. Swiggum, J.K. Taylor, S.R. Theureau, G. Toomey, L. van Haasteren, R. Wang, J.B. Wang, Y. Zhu, X.J. U.S. Naval Observatory WashingtonD.C. United States CSIRO Astronomy and Space Science Australia Telescope National Facility Box 76 EppingNSW1710 Australia Shanghai Astronomical Observatory CAS Shanghai200030 China Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie Auf dem Hügel 69 BonnD-53121 Germany Kavli institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics Peking University Beijing100871 China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California at San Diego La JollaCA92093 United States Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing Swinburne University of Technology PO Box 218 HawthornVIC3122 Australia National Time Service Center CAS Xi’anShaanxi710600 China Astrophysics Science Division NASA Goddard Space Flight Center GreenbeltMD20771 United States ASTRON Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy Oude Hoogeveensedijk 4 PD Dwingeloo7991 Netherlands International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research Curtin University BentleyWA6102 Australia Cornell Center for Astrophysics and Planetary Science Cornell University IthacaNY14853 United States Cornell Center for Advanced Computing Cornell University IthacaNY14853 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy West Virginia University MorgantownWV26506 United States Center for Gravitational Waves and Cosmology West Virginia University Chestnut Ridge Research Building MorgantownWV26505 United States Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l’Environnement et de l’Espace LPC2E CNRS- Université d’Orléans OrléansF-45071 France Station de radioastronomie de Nançay Observatoire de Paris PSL University CNRS/INSU NancayF-18330 France Department of Physics Hillsdale College 33 E. College Street HillsdaleMI49242 United States University of East Anglia Norwich Research Park NorwichNR4 7TJ United Kingdom Department of Astrophysics IMAPP Radboud University P.O. Box 9010 Nijmegen6500 GL Netherlands Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics University of Manchester ManchesterM13 9PL Unite

We have constructed a new timescale, TT(IPTA16), based on observations of radio pulsars presented in the first data release from the International Pulsar Timing Array (IPTA). We used two analysis techniques with independent estimates of the noise models for the pulsar observations and different algorithms for obtaining the pulsar timescale. The two analyses agree within the estimated uncertainties and both agree with TT(BIPM17), a post-corrected timescale produced by the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM). We show that both methods could detect significant errors in TT(BIPM17) if they were present. We estimate the stability of the atomic clocks from which TT(BIPM17) is derived using observations of four rubidium fountain clocks at the US Naval Observatory. Comparing the power spectrum of TT(IPTA16) with that of these fountain clocks suggests that pulsar-based timescales are unlikely to contribute to the stability of the best timescales over the next decade, but they will remain a valuable independent check on atomic timescales. We also find that the stability of the pulsar-based timescale is likely to be limited by our knowledge of solar-system dynamics, and that errors in TT(BIPM17) will not be a limiting factor for the primary goal of the IPTA, which is to search for the signatures of nano-Hertz gravitational waves. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Pulsars

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Risk Management Using Big Real time Data

Risk Management Using Big Real Time Data

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IEEE International Conference on Cloud computing Technology and Science (CloudCom)

作者： Jie Cheng Chunming Rong Huijuan Ye Xianghan Zheng Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Risk Management Using Big Real Time Data Department of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering University of Stavanger Stavanger Norway College of Mathematics and Computer Science Fuzhou University Fuzhou China Fujian Key Laboratory of Network Computing and Intelligent Information Processing Fuzhou China

Adding to societal changes today, are the miscellaneous big data produced in different fields. Coupled with these data is the appearance of risk management. Admittedly, to predict future trend by using these data is conducive to make everything more efficient and easy. Now, no matter companies or individuals, they increasingly focus on identifying risks and managing them before risks. Effective risk management will lead them to deal with potential problems. This thesis focuses on risk management of flight delay area using big real time data. It proposes two different prediction models, one is called General Long Term Departure Prediction Model and the other is named as Improved Real time Arrival Prediction Model. By studying the main factors lead to flight delay, this thesis takes weather, carrier, National Aviation System, security and previous late aircraft as analysis factors. By utilizing our models can do not only long time but also short term flight delay predictions. The results demonstrate goodness of fit. Besides the theory part, it also presents a practical and beautiful web application for real time flight arrival prediction based on our second model.

关键词： Delays Biological system modeling Meteorology Atmospheric modeling Predictive models Airports Splines (mathematics)

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On authentication in a connected vehicle: Secure integration of mobile devices with vehicular networks

On authentication in a connected vehicle: Secure integration...

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2013 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Cyber-Physical Systems, ICCPS 2013

作者： Han, Kyusuk Divya Potluri, Swapna Shin, Kang G. Real-Time Computing Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Ann Arbor M148109-2121 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781450319966

Recent advances in in-vehicle technologies have paved way to a new era of connectivity. Vehicle manufacturers have already deployed various technologies for driving assistance, anti-theft, and infotainment. They are now developing ways to interface mobile devices with vehicles and provide the customer's smart phone or tablet the ability to send/receive information to/from the car. However, such an integration introduces severe security risks to the vehicle. The in-vehicle network was originally designed to operate in a closed environment and thus, security was not of concern. It has now become an important issue due to an increasing number of external interfaces to the in-vehicle network. Several studies have already shown that an in-vehicle network can be easily compromised just by connecting cheap commercial devices and doing reverse engineering. Although research efforts have been made to secure in-vehicle networks, most of them focused on defining security requirements, or presenting attack scenarios without providing any feasible solution. Also, to the best of our knowledge, there hasn't been any study with a specific focus on understanding and analyzing the security aspects of integrating mobile devices with cars. In this paper, we define the integration model, present the attack scenarios, define the security objectives, and then propose a 3-step verification mechanism that meets our objectives. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Authentication

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On Authentication in a Connected Vehicle: Secure Integration of Mobile Devices with Vehicular Networks

On Authentication in a Connected Vehicle: Secure Integration...

引用

IEEE/ACM International Conference on Cyber-Physical Systems

作者： Kyusuk Han Swapna Divya Potluri Kang G. Shin Real-Time Computing Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science The University of Michigan

ISBN: (纸本)9781450319966

Recent advances in in-vehicle technologies have paved way to a new era of connectivity. Vehicle manufacturers have already deployed various technologies for driving assistance, anti-theft, and infotainment. They are now developing ways to interface mobile devices with vehicles and provide the customer's smartphone or tablet the ability to send/receive information to/from the car. However, such an integration introduces severe security risks to the vehicle. The in-vehicle network was originally designed to operate in a closed environment and thus, security was not of concern. It has now become an important issue due to an increasing number of external interfaces to the in-vehicle network. Several studies have already shown that an in-vehicle network can be easily compromised just by connecting cheap commercial devices and doing reverse engineering. Although research efforts have been made to secure in-vehicle networks, most of them focused on defining security requirements, or presenting attack scenarios without providing any feasible solution. Also, to the best of our knowledge, there hasn't been any study with a specific focus on understanding and analyzing the security aspects of integrating mobile devices with cars. In this paper, we define the integration model, present the attack scenarios, define the security objectives, and then propose a 3-step verification mechanism that meets our objectives.

关键词： Vehicular networks Security Mobile device integration Authentication Controller Area Network (CAN) Vehicle Network Mobile devices Authentication Security Goals Security vehicle Cars Secure DNA Integration integration safety requirements Network

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Efficient Sensing Matters a Lot for Large-Scale Batteries

Efficient Sensing Matters a Lot for Large-Scale Batteries

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IEEE/ACM International Conference on Cyber-Physical Systems (ICCPS)

作者： Hahnsang Kim Kang G. Shin Real-Time Computing Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA

A large-scale battery pack that consists of hundreds or thousands of battery cells must be carefully monitored. Due to the divergence of cell characteristics, every cell should be monitored periodically and accurately. There are two important issues in monitoring large-scale packs. First, sensing the health condition of battery cells must be timely to capture the turning point at which the battery condition abruptly changes. Failure to capture such an important event can cause irreversible damage to the battery, especially when its State-of-Charge (SoC) is very low. Second, the more the hardware components are used, the higher the failure rate the system will suffer. The frequency of monitoring battery cells, thus, should be adjustable to the underlying load demand, considering the fact that a low load demand has a minute impact on the battery condition. We propose to address these issues via an adaptive monitoring architecture, called ADMON. ADMON lowers the sensing latency effectively, making it effective to enhance the tolerance of physical cell failures. ADMON consists of sensing, path-switching, and computing systems. The sensing system collects data from a battery-cell array. The path-switching system effectively connects a specific sensor and a micro-controller that is part of the computing system. The path-switching system is characterized by three exclusive types of topology: n-tree-based, cascaded, and parallel. The computing system is synergistically combined with the other two systems while three policies specified in the computing system are applied. The ADMON architecture is shown to outperform a non-adaptive monitoring system with respect to the battery life by 67%.

关键词： Batteries Monitoring Topology Sensors Arrays Voltage measurement

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Sidekick: AP aggregation over partially overlapping channels

Sidekick: AP aggregation over partially overlapping channels

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International Conference on Network Protocols

作者： Eugene Chai Kang G. Shin Real-Time Computing Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA

The uncoordinated deployment of many high-bandwidth 802.11a/g/n access points (APs) in urban areas offers the potential for WLANs to be a strong complement to cellular networks in providing ubiquitous connectivity. However, given that the bandwidth of the backhaul links connected to these APs is often an order-of-magnitude lower than that of the WLAN channel, aggregating the throughput from multiple APs is often necessary in order for the client to achieve an acceptable level of network performance. In this paper, we present Sidekick - a simple and novel AP aggregation protocol that exploits effective communication between 802.11a/g/n nodes on partially overlapping channels to attain high aggregate throughput in the face of dynamic WLAN and backhaul link conditions. Sidekick is built upon Aileron, which provides an extremely reliable and low-overhead control channel over which the APs and clients can coordinate the aggregation process. The use of such a control channel over partially overlapping channels enables Sidekick to quickly respond to varying bandwidth availability and probe for new transmission opportunities with little overhead. Our evaluation results indicate that Sidekick can make more than 30% improvement in throughput over FatVAP in a variety of situations.

关键词： Schedules Bandwidth OFDM Protocols Wireless communication Modulation Wireless LAN

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Dependable, efficient, scalable architecture for management of large-scale batteries 10

Dependable, efficient, scalable architecture for management ...

引用

1st ACM/IEEE International Conference on Cyber-Physical Systems, ICCPS 2010

作者： Kim, Hahnsang Shin, Kang G. Real-Time Computing Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109-2121 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781450300667

Conventional battery management systems (BMSs) for electric vehicles (EVs) are designed in an ad hoc way, causing the supply of EVs to fall behind the market demand. A well-designed and combined hardware-software architecture is essential for the management of a large-scale battery pack that consists of thousands of battery cells as in Tesla Motors and GM Chevy Volt. We propose a Dependable, Efficient, Scalable Architecture (DESA) that effectively monitors a large number of battery cells, efficiently controls and reconfigures, if needed, their connection arrangement. DESA is monarchy-based and supports hierarchical, autonomous management of battery cells, where a global BMS orchestrates a group of local BMSs. A local controller on each local BMS autonomously manages an array of battery cells, and the global controller reconfigures the connectivity of such battery-cell arrays in coordination with the local controllers. Configuration of a battery system is controlled by three types of switch - called P-, S-, and B-switches - and an algorithm that changes the setting of these switches. Our evaluation results show that DESA effectively tolerates battery-cell failures by order of magnitude - while achieving service cost savings 7.4 times - more than a conventional BMS. This superior performance not only extends the battery life signifcantly, but also provides the flexibility in supporting diverse electric power demands from a growing number of on-board applications. © 2010 ACM.

关键词： Software architecture

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Impact of mobility on spectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks

Impact of mobility on spectrum sensing in cognitive radio ne...

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2009 ACM Workshop on Cognitive Radio Networks, CoRoNet'09, Co-located with the Mobile computing and Networking Conference, MobiCom'09

作者： Min, Alexander W. Shin, Kang G. Real-Time Computing Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109-2121 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781605587387

In cognitive radio networks (CRNs), spectrum sensing is key to opportunistic spectrum access while preventing any unacceptable interference to primary users' communications. Although cognitive radios function as spectrum sensors and move around, most, if not all, of existing approaches assume stationary spectrum sensors, thus providing inaccurate sensing results. As part of our effort to solve/alleviate this problem, we consider the impact of sensor mobility on spectrum sensing performance in a joint optimization framework for sensor cooperation and sensing scheduling. We show that sensor mobility increases spatio-temporal diversity in received primary signal strengths, and thus, improves the sensing performance. This is intuitively plausible, but have not been tested previously. Based on this observation, we propose a sensing strategy that minimizes the sensing overhead by finding an optimal combination of the number of sensors to cooperate and the number of times spectrum sensing must be scheduled. This result provides a useful insight to understand the spectrum sensing and its coupling with sensor mobility. Copyright 2009 ACM.

关键词： Cognitive radio

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Predictive routing of contexts in an overlay network

Predictive routing of contexts in an overlay network

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IFIP/IEEE International Symposium on Integrated Network Management

作者： Hahnsang Kim Kang G. Shin Real-Time Computing Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA

While mobile nodes (MNs) undergo handovers across inter-wireless access networks, their contexts must be propagated for seamless re-establishment of on-going application sessions, including IP header compression, secure mobile IP, authentication, authorization, and accounting services, to name a few. Routing contexts via an overlay network either on-demand or based on prediction of an MNs' mobility, introduces a new challenging requirement of context management. This paper proposes a context router (CXR) that manages contexts in an overlay network. A CXR is responsible for (1) monitoring of MNs' cross-handover, (2) analysis of MNs' movement patterns, and (3) context routing ahead of each MN's arrival at an AP or a network. The predictive routing of contexts is performed based on statistical learning of (dis)similarities between the patterns obtained from vector distance measurements. The proposed CXR has been evaluated on a prototypical implementation based on an MN mobility model in an emulated access network. Our evaluation results show that the prediction mechanisms applied on the CXR outperform a Kalman-filter-based method with respect to both prediction accuracy and computation performance.

关键词： Routing Context-aware services Authentication Authorization Monitoring Pattern analysis Performance evaluation Statistical learning Distance measurement Prototypes

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