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MBASE: Meta-heuristic Based optimized location allocation algorithm for baSE station in IoT assist wireless sensor networks

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2024年第18期83卷 53383-53415页

作者： Chaurasia, Soni Kumar, Kamal Department of Computer Science and Engineering National Institute of Technology Uttarakhand India Department of Computer Science and Engineering SGT University Gurgaon India

In an Internet of Things (IoT) assisted Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), the location of the Base Station (BS) remains important. BS serves as the central hub for data collection, aggregation and communication within the network. Its location significantly impacts the overall network performance and energy efficiency. However, the role and requirements of the BS may vary depending on the specific implementation and integration of IoT assist opportunistic routing protocol. Therefore, this work propose a Meta-heuristic Based optimized location Allocation algorithm for baSE station in IoT assist WSNs (MBASE). The MBASE algorithm is based on Forwarder Node (FN) selection and using meta-heuristic based opportunistic routing. The FN is selected by a decision-making approach based on meta-heuristic search strategies which offers viable options for local and global optimization problems. This work aims to find a way to achieve a trade-off in this algorithm for efficient and appropriate placement of BS either at the centre or outside of the network deployment zone. Both positions of BS are optimization problems in the design of WSNs/IoTs. MBASE algorithm is proposed for identifying the optimized location allocation for BS and is based on metaheuristic. Simulation based analysis of essential operational and functional parameters such as Message Success Rate (MSR), Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), Throughput, and Average energy consumption (AEC) is reported in the paper. Additionally, work compares BS locations using a common neighbourhood concept to assure fairness. The evaluation shows a significant improvements in the PDR, MSR, Throughput and AEC for two different BS locations. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2023.

关键词： Base stations

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Uncertainty quantification in large language models through convex hull analysis

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Discover Artificial Intelligence 2024年第1期4卷 1-14页

作者： Catak, Ferhat Ozgur Kuzlu, Murat Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Stavanger Rogaland Norway Department of Engineering Technology Old Dominion University NorfolkVA United States

Uncertainty quantification approaches have been more critical in large language models (LLMs), particularly high-risk applications requiring reliable outputs. However, traditional methods for uncertainty quantification, such as probabilistic models and ensemble techniques, face challenges when applied to the complex and high-dimensional nature of LLM-generated outputs. This study proposes a novel geometric approach to uncertainty quantification using convex hull analysis. The proposed method leverages the spatial properties of response embeddings to measure the dispersion and variability of model outputs. The prompts are categorized into three types, i.e., ’easy’, ’moderate’, and ’confusing’, to generate multiple responses using different LLMs at varying temperature settings. The responses are transformed into high-dimensional embeddings via a BERT model and subsequently projected into a two-dimensional space using Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Isomap, Multidimensional Scaling (MDS). The Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (DBSCAN) algorithm is utilized to cluster the embeddings and compute the convex hull for each selected cluster. The experimental results indicate that the uncertainty of the model for LLMs depends on the prompt complexity, the model, and the temperature setting. © The Author(s) 2024.

关键词： Embeddings

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Harnessing metamaterials for efficient wireless power transfer for implantable medical devices

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Bioelectronic Medicine 2024年第1期10卷 1-8页

作者： Mahmud, Sultan Nezaratizadeh, Ali Satriya, Alfredo Bayu Yoon, Yong-Kyu Ho, John S. Khalifa, Adam Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Florida GainesvilleFL32611 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore

Wireless power transfer (WPT) within the human body can enable long-lasting medical devices but poses notable challenges, including absorption by biological tissues and weak coupling between the transmitter (Tx) and receiver (Rx). In pursuit of more robust and efficient wireless power, various innovative strategies have emerged to optimize power transfer efficiency (PTE). One such groundbreaking approach stems from the incorporation of metamaterials, which have shown the potential to enhance the capabilities of conventional WPT systems. In this review, we delve into recent studies focusing on WPT systems that leverage metamaterials to achieve increased efficiency for implantable medical devices (IMDs) in the electromagnetic paradigm. Alongside a comparative analysis, we also outline current challenges and envision potential avenues for future advancements. © The Author(s) 2024.

关键词： Metamaterials

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Motion Signal-based Recognition of Human Activity from Video Stream Dataset Using Deep Learning Approach

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Recent Advances in computer science and Communications 2024年第3期17卷 77-91页

作者： Yadav, Ram Kumar Arockiam, Daniel Semwal, Vijay Bhaskar Department of Computer Science and Engineering Amity University Madhya Pradesh Gwalior India Department of Computer Science and Engineering MANIT Bhopal India

Background: Human physical activity recognition is challenging in various research eras, such as healthcare, surveillance, senior monitoring, athletics, and rehabilitation. The use of various sensors has attracted outstanding research attention due to the implementation of machine learning and deep learning approaches. Aim: This paper proposes a unique deep learning framework based on motion signals to recognize human activity to handle these constraints and challenges through deep learning (e.g., enhance CNN, LR, RF, DT, KNN, and SVM) approaches. Method: This research article uses the BML (Biological Motion Library) dataset gathered from thirty volunteers with four various activities to analyze the performance metrics. It compares the evaluated results with existing results, which are found by machine learning and deep learning methods to identify human activity. Result: This framework was successfully investigated with the help of laboratory metrics with convolutional neural networks (CNN) and achieved 89.0% accuracy compared to machine learning methods. Conclusion: The novel work of this research is to increase classification accuracy with a lower error rate and faster execution. Moreover, it introduces a novel approach to human activity recognition in the BML dataset using the CNN with Adam optimizer approach. © 2024 Bentham science Publishers.

关键词： Support vector machines

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Improving agility in projects using machine learning algorithm

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2024年第38期83卷 85987-86005页

作者： Varun, Janani Karthika, R.A. Department of Computer Science and Engineering Vels Institute of Science Technology and Advanced Studies Chennai India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Saveetha School of Engineering SIMATS Chennai India

All the software products developed will need testing to ensure the quality and accuracy of the product. It makes the life of testers much easier when they can optimize on the effort spent and predict defects for the upcoming modules in the Agile era. The functionality being discussed in this paper is to predict the defects using Random Forest Algorithm. Predictive analytics draws on information from the past to create forecasts about the outcomes of future events. Product team always have the difficulty in delivering the product as per schedule. As we are in the agile era, the requirement keeps changing and team is unsure on upcoming releases. Prediction helps the team to focus on the complex and error prone modules in upcoming releases. The Predictive analytics model designed, can predict defects with an accuracy rate of 88% with the help of historical data. By predicting, testers can focus on the module where there are a greater number of defects predicted by the model and left shift the delivery. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Predictive analytics

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Informative task classification with concatenated embeddings using deep learning on crisisMMD

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International Journal of computers and Applications 2025年第2期47卷 123-140页

作者： Jain, Tarun Gopalani, Dinesh Kumar Meena, Yogesh Department of Computer Science and Engineering Manipal University Jaipur Jaipur India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur India

Disastrous situations pose a formidable challenge, testing our resilience against nature's fury and the race against time to prevent the loss of human life. It is noted that in such situations that Microblogging platforms like Twitter(now X) have proven to be an invaluable resource for citizens to share the real-time updates in their locality. Building upon this premise, we are proposing a new hybrid robust approach that integrates transfer learning with selective features from Liwc and manually engineered features to achieve state-of-the-art results on the CrisisMMD dataset on the informative task. In our innovative approach, we harnessed the power of Deep learning combined with traditional ML practices to improve the model, we utilized OpenAI embeddings and minute details from the tweets like the sentiment, text polarity, Retweet address, links included etc. We employed a dense-dropout-based concatenate model for further processing. We established baselines of each technique individually as well as commonly used techniques like Tf-Idf, BoW, Glove embeddings. Notably, our proposed model exhibits a significant accuracy improvement, achieving an accuracy of 87.93%, surpassing the highest accuracy of traditional methods of 82.93% obtained with Tf-Idf and ensemble voting. Through this work, we conclude that there is a scope of improvement in disaster-related NLP work with the introduction of transformer-based architecture and Pretrained GPT which include a massive corpus of text improving the semantic coherency which in turn lead to higher evaluation metrics. This work in future can be extended to incorporate different embeddings as well as using techniques like Multi-headed attention as well as RNNs like GST, GRU, etc. © 2025 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

关键词： Tweets

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Human Stress Detection in and Through Sleep Patterns Using Machine Learning Algorithms

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Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series B 2024年第6期105卷 1691-1713页

作者： Geetha, R. Gunanandhini, S. Srikanth, G. Umarani Sujatha, V. Department of Computer Science and Engineering S.A. Engineering College Chennai600077 India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Panimalar Engineering College Chennai India Department of Master of Computer Applications S.A. Engineering College Chennai600077 India

Stress has a remarkable impact on various cognitive functions, demanding timely and effective detection using strategies deployed across interdisciplinary domains. It influences decision-making, attention, learning, and problem-solving abilities. As a result, stress detection and modeling have become important areas of study in both psychology and computer science. This study links the fields of psychology and machine learning to deal with the urgent requirement of accurate stress detection methodologies and highlights sleep patterns as a key indicator for stress detection, discussing a novel approach to understand and determine stress levels. Psychologists use affective states to measure stress, which refers to a sense of feeling an underlying emotional state. However, most stress classification work has been limited to user-dependent models, which new users cannot use without additional training. This can be a significant time burden for new users trying to predict their affective states. Therefore, it is critical to address basic mental health issues in children and adults to prevent them from developing more complex problems on account of undergoing stress. The medical field processes vast amounts of medical data;the machine learning algorithms sift through patterns that might escape the human eye. The machine learning algorithms act as detectives, able to spot correlations and bring out a sense of complex information. The machine learning algorithms reveal fine correlations and patterns, aiding in more precise and prompt diagnoses particularly to focus fundamental mental health issues in individuals of all ages. This research work deploys an enhanced Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), exhibiting an extensive feature analysis for processing medical datasets, resulting in improved effectiveness in predicting stress levels. This helps us to diagnose issues more accurately and swiftly which improves the patient outcomes. The proposed and enhanced MLP model undergoes stri

关键词： Decision trees

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Optimizing IoT Network Intrusion Detection: A Deep Learning Approach 7

Optimizing IoT Network Intrusion Detection: A Deep Learning ...

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7th Conference on Cloud and Internet of Things, CIoT 2024

作者： Alam, Khorshed Monir, Md Fahad Hassan, Zoheb Habib, Md Tarek Department of Computer Science & Engineering Bangladesh Virginia Tech Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering United States Université Laval Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9798350356717

Network Intrusion Detection System (NIDS) serves as a essential component in data protection by monitoring computer networks for threats that can bypass conventional defenses such as malware and hackers. Deep learning (DL) techniques provide a promising approach for analyzing raw IoT network data to identify subtle patterns indicative of intrusion attempts. This study addresses a crucial research gap by developing a Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN) model specifically designed for the efficient detection of stealthy and polymorphic variants while reducing false positives. Utilizing the NF-ToN-IoT dataset, the proposed model achieves outstanding performance metrics on test data, with an accuracy of 0.9923, precision of 0.9925, recall of 0.9979, and F1 score of 0.9952. To comprehensively evaluate the robustness of the model, a multi-dataset validation strategy is employed. The model is retrained and assessed on established benchmark datasets on IoT Networks, including NF-UNSW-NB15, NF-UNSW-NB15-v2 and NF-BoTIoT, demonstrating exceptional performance. Furthermore, the significance of the contribution is validated by comparing the proposed model against previously established architectures such as CNN+BiLSTM, DNN, GRU+RNN, and CNN+LSTM using the NF-ToN-IoT dataset. The proposed model consistently outperforms these prior models, highlighting its efficacy and advancements in the field. Additionally, an ablation study is conducted to analyze the individual components of the Deep CNN model, providing insights into their contributions towards detecting malware traffic and offering guidance for optimizing future NIDS models in the cybersecurity domain. Making our work available open-source on https://***/codewithkhurshed/IDSIUB can enhance its accessibility and promote future research opportunities in Network Intrusion Detection. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Network intrusion

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Impact of Different Integration Times on Distributions of Rain Rates for Predictions of Rain Attenuation

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Progress in Electromagnetics Research C 2025年 154卷 229-238页

作者： Hassan, Mohammad Rofiqul Rafiqul, Islam Md. Habaebi, Mohamed Hadi Suriza, Ahmad Zabidi Badron, Khairayu Budalal, Asma Ali Mahfuz, Md. Mahmudul Hasan Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering International Islamic University Malaysia Jalan Gombak Kuala Lumpur53100 Malaysia College of Electrical and Electronics Technology Benghazi Libya Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Concordia University Canada

All wireless communication systems are moving towards higher and higher frequencies day by day which are severely attenuated by rains in outdoor environment. To design a reliable RF system, an accurate prediction method of rain attenuation is established and used globally based on local rain intensity measurement. Required rain intensity used for attenuation prediction is generally measured at a point with 1-min integration time or converted from higher integration time to 1-min. Recent measurements of rain intensity with a 10-second integration time indicate that intensity is not uniform over a 1-minute duration. Consequently, the statistics of rain intensity distribution and attenuation predictions are influenced by measurements with integration times shorter than 1 minute. It has been established that an integration time of 0.01% provides the optimal fit for actual rain rate data. This paper presents the rain intensity distributions from data measured with 2-min, 1-min, 30-sec, 20-sec, and 10-sec integration times, and it has impact on rain rate distributions as well as rain attenuation predictions. © 2025, Electromagnetics Academy. All rights reserved.

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An efficient single unit for virtual-machine placement in cloud data centres

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International Journal of Information and Communication Technology 2024年第1期25卷 1-24页

作者： Ismaeel, Salam Miri, Ali Al-Khazraji, Ayman Department of Computer Science Ryerson University Toronto Canada Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering University of Bahrain Manama Bahrain

There are numerous energy minimisation plans that are adopted in today’s data centres (DCs). The highest important ones are those that depend on switching off unused physical machines (PMs). This is usually done by optimal distribution and/or reallocating of virtual machines (VMs) on the selected servers, while maintaining the quality of service (QoS) to ensure the performance of a DC. In this work, a novel server machine condition index (MCI) has been proposed, which includes all resources related to servers available in the DC using a single unit. The MCI represents a dynamic tool to compare services, increase effectiveness, reflect PM adequation, and ensure the optimal management of heterogeneous DC resources. The MCI will be used to convert the multi-objective VM allocation optimisation problem into a single-objective problem. This work will identify the MCI components and the way that can be used as a cloud resource unit, and modified VMP algorithms. Copyright © 2024 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

关键词： Electric power utilization

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