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SYNAPSE: An international roadmap to large brain imaging

Physics Reports 2023年第1期999卷 1-60页

作者： Stampfl, Anton P.J. Liu, Zhongdong Hu, Jun Sawada, Kei Takano, H. Kohmura, Yoshiki Ishikawa, Tetsuya Lim, Jae-Hong Je, Jung-Ho Low, Chian-Ming Teo, Alvin Tok, Eng Soon Tan, Tin Wee Ban, Kenneth Libedinsky, Camilo Tan, Francis Chee Kuan Chen, Kuan-Peng Yang, An-Cheng Chuang, Chao-Chun Chen, Nan-Yow Shih, Chi-Tin Lee, Ting-Kuo Yang, De-Nian Lai, Hsu-Chao Shuai, Hong-Han Cheng, Chang-Chieh Ching, Yu-Tai Li, Chia-Wei Charng, Ching-Che Lo, Chung-Chuan Chiang, Ann-Shyn Recur, Benoit Petibois, Cyril Cheng, Chia-Liang Chen, Hsiang-Hsin Yang, Shun-Min Hwu, Yeukuang Rojviriya, Catleya Rugmai, Supagorn Rujirawat, Saroj Margaritondo, Giorgio Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization Lucas Heights 2234 NSW Australia Henan university of Technology Zhengzhou China Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of Science Shanghai China RIKEN SPring-8 Center Hyogo 679-5148 Japan Pohang Accelerator Laboratory Pohang University of Science and Technology Pohang Gyeongbuk 37673 South Korea Department of Materials Science and Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology Gyeongbuk Pohang 37673 South Korea Department of Pharmacology Department of Anaesthesia and Healthy Longevity Research Programme Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore School of Chemical and Life Sciences Nanyang Polytechnic Singapore eMaGIC-Lab Department of Physics National University of Singapore Singapore National Supercomputing Center Singapore Department of Psychology The N1 Institute for Health National University of Singapore Singapore Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology A*STAR Singapore Department of Anaesthesia National University Hospital National University Health System Singapore National Center for High-Performance Computing Hsinchu Taiwan Department of Physics Tunghai University Taichung Taiwan Department of Physics National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan Institute of Information Science Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan Department of Computer Science National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan Information Technology Service Center National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan Department of Life Science National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan Institute of Systems Neuroscience and Brain Research Center National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan Institute of Physics Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan Department of Physics National Dong Hwa University

Since 2020, synchrotron radiation facilities in several Asia-Pacific countries have been collaborating in a major project called “SYNAPSE” (Synchrotrons for Neuroscience: an Asia-Pacific Scientific Enterprise). They use x-ray imaging to attack in a coordinated fashion one of the major issues in modern science: the structure of animal and human brains, including neurons and connections. The objective is to develop Google-like maps also including detailed structural and functional information for selected regions of interest. The sheer mass of data needed for the objective poses huge problems for the acquisition, processing, storage and use of images. In order to complete the task within a reasonable time, the key element of the SYNAPSE strategy is the parallel and coordinated work of several facilities on the same specimens. This article reviews different aspects of the enterprise, including the foundations of synchrotron radiation, coherence and of its role in advanced imaging, electron accelerators, x-ray optics and detectors. This will provide the foundation for an extensive presentation of the different components of SYNAPSE, with an overview of results already obtained within the consortium. © 2022

关键词： Brain mapping Phase contrast Radiology Supercomputing Synchrotron X-rays

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Skin-Inspired Textile-Based Tactile Sensors Enable Multifunctional Sensing of Wearables and Soft Robots

SSRN

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Pang, Yaokun Xu, Xianchen Chen, Shoue Fang, Yuhui Shi, Xiaodong Deng, Yiming Wang, Zhong-Lin Cao, Changyong Laboratory for Soft Machines & Electronics Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Case Western Reserve University ClevelandOH44106 United States Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering Michigan State University East LansingMI48824 United States School of Materials Science & Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology AtlantaGA30332 United States

Multifunctional tactile sensors that can mimic the sensory capabilities of human skin to perceive various external static and dynamic stimuli are essential to interact with environment and humans for wearable electronics and soft intelligent robotics. Here, inspired by human skin, we report a textile-based tactile sensor capable of multifunctional sensing for personalized healthcare monitoring and soft robotic control. The tactile sensor consists of a triboelectric nanogenerator sensing layer to mimic the function of fast adapting (FA) mechanoreceptors and a piezoresistive sensing layer to achieve the functionality of slow adapting (SA) mechanoreceptors. The tactile sensor was demonstrated to be able to recognize voice patterns and monitor physiological signals and human motions in a real-time manner. Combined with a machine learning framework, the tactile sensor can percept surface textures and material types with high accuracy. It was also demonstrated to serve as an effective human-machine interface for controlling assistive robotics. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Tactile sensors

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Suspended graphene membranes to control Au nucleation and growth

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Thomsen, Joachim Dahl Reidy, Kate Pham, Thang Klein, Julian Osherov, Anna Dana, Rami Ross, Frances M. Department of Materials Science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States

Control of nucleation sites is an important goal in materials growth: nuclei in regular arrays may show emergent photonic or electronic behavior, and once the nuclei coalesce into thin films, the nucleation density influences parameters such as surface roughness, stress, and grain boundary structure. Tailoring substrate properties to control nucleation is therefore a powerful tool for designing functional thin films and nanomaterials. Here, we examine nucleation control for metals deposited on two-dimensional (2D) materials in a situation where substrate effects are absent and heterogeneous nucleation sites are minimized. Through quantification of faceted, epitaxial Au island nucleation on graphene, we show that ultra-low nucleation densities with nuclei several micrometers apart can be achieved on suspended graphene under conditions where we measure the nucleation density to be 2-3 orders of magnitude higher on the adjacent supported substrate. We estimate diffusion distances using nucleation theory and find a strong sensitivity of nucleation and diffusion to suspended graphene thickness. We suggest that nucleation site density control via substrate tuning may act as a platform for applications where non-lithographic patterning of metals on graphene is beneficial. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Nucleation

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Neuromorphic Visual Artificial Synapse In-Memory Computing Systems Based on GeOx-Coated MXene Nanosheets

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Zhao, Tianshi Cao, Yixin Liu, Chenguang Zhao, Chun Gao, Hao Huang, Shichen Li, Xianyao Wang, Chengbo Liu, Yina Lim, Eng Gee Wen, Zhen School of Advanced Technology School of Science School of Robotics Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University Suzhou215123 China Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics University of Liverpool LiverpoolL69 3GJ United Kingdom Department of Electrical Engineering Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven Netherlands Department of Applied Mathematics School of Mathematics and Physics Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University Suzhou215123 China Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices Soochow University Suzhou215123 China

Artificial synapses with light signal perception capability offer the ability to neuromorphic visual signal processing system on demand. In light of the excellent optical and electrical characteristics, the low-dimensional materials have become one of the most favorable candidates of the key component for optoelectronic artificial synapses. Previously, our group originally proposed the synthesis of germanium oxide-coated MXene nanosheets. In this work, we further applied this technology into the optoelectronic synaptic thin-film transistors for the first time. The devices exhibited the adjustable postsynaptic current behaviors under the visible light inputs. Moreover, the potentiation and depression operation modes of the devices further improved the application potential of the devices in mimicking biological synapses. Regulated by the wavelength of incident lights, the proposed artificial synapse could effectively help detect the target area of the image. Eventually, we further showed the results of the devices in the projects of neural network computing task. The long-term potentiation/depression characteristics of the conductance were applied to the synaptic weight matrix for image identification and path recognition tasks. By adding knowledge transfer in the process of recognition, the epoch required for convergence has been greatly reduced. The result of high noise tolerance revealed the great potential of the proposed transistors in establishing high-efficiency and robustness hardware neuromorphic systems for in-memory computing. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Timing circuits

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Leaky Waves in Flatland

Leaky Waves in Flatland

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European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, EuCAP

作者： Massimo Moccia Giuseppe Castaldi Andrea Alù Vincenzo Galdi Department of Engineering Fields & Waves Lab University of Sannio Benevento Italy Photonics Initiative Advanced Science Research Center City University of New York New York NY USA Department of Electrical Engineering City College of The City University of New York New York NY USA Physics Program Graduate Center City University of New York New York NY USA

We introduce a new in-plane radiation mechanism that can occur in artificial or natural low-dimensional materials, which can be viewed as the "flatland" analog of conventional leaky-wave radiation. We show that this concept can be physically realized in suitably designed planar junctions of purely reactive, isotropic metasurfaces supporting line waves. Our results provide a new tool for manipulating surface waves, which can find interesting applications in the emerging field of van der Waals polaritonics.

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Quantum Receiver Enhanced by Adaptive Learning

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2022年

作者： Cui, Chaohan Horrocks, William Hao, Shuhong Guha, Saikat Peyghambarian, N. Zhuang, Quntao Zhang, Zheshen James C. Wyant College of Optical Sciences The University of Arizona TucsonAZ85721 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering The University of Arizona TucsonAZ85721 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of Arizona TucsonAZ85721 United States

Quantum receivers aim to effectively navigate the vast quantum-state space to endow quantum information processing capabilities unmatched by classical receivers. To date, only a handful of quantum receivers have been constructed to tackle the problem of discriminating coherent states. Quantum receivers designed by analytical approaches, however, are incapable of effectively adapting to diverse environment conditions, resulting in their quickly diminishing performance as the operational complexities increase. Here, we present a general architecture, dubbed the quantum receiver enhanced by adaptive learning (QREAL), to adapt quantum receiver structures to diverse operational conditions. QREAL is experimentally implemented in a hardware platform with record-high efficiency. Combining the QREAL architecture and the experimental advances, the error rate is reduced up to 40% over the standard quantum limit in two coherent-state encoding schemes. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Quantum optics

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Continuous-variable quantum repeaters based on bosonic error-correction and teleportation: architecture and applications

Continuous-variable quantum repeaters based on bosonic error...

引用

Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)

作者： Bo-Han Wu Zheshen Zhang Quntao Zhuang Department of Physics University of Arizona Tucson Arizona USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Arizona Tucson Arizona USA J. C. Wyant College of Optical Sciences University of Arizona Tucson Arizona USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Arizona Tucson Arizona USA

We report a teleportation-enabled continuous-variable quantum-repeater architecture assisted by the Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill code to significantly suppress the physical noise. This architecture significantly improves... 详细信息

ISBN: (数字)9781957171050

ISBN: (纸本)9781665466660

关键词： Laser theory Codes Laser noise Teleportation Lasers and electrooptics Repeaters Optical sensors

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Giant Deep-Ultraviolet Circular Dichroism in Synthetic Architectures of Ordered Carbon Nanotubes

Giant Deep-Ultraviolet Circular Dichroism in Synthetic Archi...

引用

Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)

作者： Jacques Doumani Minhan Lou Oliver Dewey Nina Hong Jichao Fan Andrey Baydin Matteo Pasquali Yohei Yomogida Kazuhiro Yanagi Riichiro Saito Junichiro Kono Weilu Gao Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice University Houston TX USA Applied Physics Graduate Program Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University Houston TX USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of Utah Salt Lake City UT USA Carbon Hub Rice University Houston TX USA Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Rice University Houston TX USA J.A. Woollam Co. Lincoln NE USA The Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University Houston TX USA Department of Chemistry Rice University Houston TX USA Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering Rice University Houston TX USA Department of Physics and Astronomy Tokyo Metropolitan University Tokyo Japan Department Physics Tohoku University Sendai Japan Department Physics and Astronomy Rice University Houston TX USA

We demonstrate tunable, giant, and structure-induced deep-ultraviolet circular dichroism in macroscopically chiral assemblies of racemic carbon nanotubes prepared using two approaches: mechanical-rotation-assisted vac... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781957171258

关键词： Carbon nanotubes Chiral media Dichroism Graphene Optical activity Quantum information

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Unravelling Exothermic Reaction Dynamics in Polyurethane Polymerization: A Thermo-Kinetic Simulation Approach

SSRN

引用

SSRN 2023年

作者： Mendija, Leanne Christie C. Dingcong, Roger G. Alfeche, Fortia Louise Adeliene M. Al-Moameri, Harith H. Dumancas, Gerard G. Malaluan, Roberto M. Alguno, Arnold C. Lubguban, Arnold A. Center for Sustainable Polymers Mindanao State University Iligan Institute of Technology Iligan City9200 Philippines Material Science and Engineering Program Graduate School of Engineering Mindanao State University Iligan Institute of Technology Iligan City9200 Philippines Department of Materials Engineering Mustansiriyah University Baghdad10052 Iraq Department of Chemistry The University of Scranton ScrantonPA18510 United States Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology Mindanao State University Iligan Institute of Technology Iligan City9200 Philippines Department of Physics Mindanao State University Iligan Institute of Technology Iligan City9200 Philippines

The pursuit of sustainable polyurethane product development necessitates a profound understanding of precursor materials, particularly polyol since polyurethane properties are heavily influenced by the type of polyol employed during polyurethane production. While traditional polyurethanes are solely derived from hydroxyl functionalized polyols, the emergence of amine-hydroxyl hybrid polyols has garnered significant attention due to their potential for enhancing polyurethane product properties. These hybrid polyols are characterized by the presence of both amine and hydroxyl functional groups. However, characterizing these polyols remains a daunting challenge due to the lack of established experimental testing standards for properties, such as fractional hydroxyl and amine moieties, and thermo-kinetic parameters for amine reactions with isocyanates. To bridge these gaps, this study employed a computational simulation approach to determine the fractions of moieties in both traditional and hybrid polyols. Additionally, this study determined the thermo-kinetic parameters for exothermic isocyanate reactions with amine moieties in hybrid polyols. The computational method integrated energy balance and reaction kinetics analysis for various polyols to elucidate the influence of functional moieties on the thermo-kinetic behavior of polyurethane formations. Validation of the simulated results was conducted by comparing their experimental and simulated gel and foam temperature profiles, highlighting the direct influence of fractional moieties on polyurethane formations. The comparisons revealed an average relative error of less than 5%, indicating the accuracy and credibility of the simulation. Thus, this study represents a pivotal opportunity for advancing knowledge and driving sustainable developments in biobased polyol characterization for polyurethane production streamlining and formulation optimization. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Polymerization

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Recent advances in photonics of threedimensional Dirac semimetal Cd_(3)As_(2)

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Advanced Photonics Nexus 2022年第2期1卷 1-19页

作者： Renlong Zhou Kaleem Ullah Naveed Hussain Mohammed M.Fadhali Sa Yang Qiawu Lin Muhammad Zubair Muhammad Faisal Iqbal Guangdong University of Education School of Physics and Information EngineeringGuangzhouChina University of Delaware Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringNewarkDelawareUnited States University of California Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer ScienceIrvineCaliforniaUnited States Jazan University Faculty of ScienceDepartment of PhysicsJazanSaudi Arabia Ibb University Faculty of ScienceDepartment of PhysicsIbbYemen Institute of Energy and Climate Research Materials Synthesis and Processing(IEK-1)Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbHJülichGermany University of Science and Technology of China Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleHefeiChina Riphah International University Faisalabad Department of PhysicsFaisalabadPakistan

Due to their unusual features in condensed matter physics and their applicability in optical and optoelectronic applications,three-dimensional Dirac semimetals(3D DSMs)have garnered substantial interest in recent *** contrast to monolayer graphene,3D DSM exhibits linear band dispersion despite its macroscopic ***,being a bulk material,it is easy to make nanostructures with 3D DSM,just as one normally does with metals such as gold and *** 3D DSMs,cadmium arsenide(Cd_(3)As_(2))is quite famous and considered an excellent 3D DSM due to its chemical stability in air and extraordinary optical *** this review,advances in 3D DSM Cd_(3)As_(2)fabrication techniques and recent progress in the photonics of 3D DSM Cd_(3)As_(2)are given and briefly *** photonic features,including linear and nonlinear plasmonics,optical absorption,optical harmonic generation,and ultrafast dynamics,have been explored in *** is expected that Cd_(3)As_(2)would share an excellent tunable photonic response like *** envision that this article may serve as a concise overview of the recent progress of photonics in 3D DSM Cd_(3)As_(2)and provides a compact reference for young researchers.

关键词： Three-dimensional Dirac semimetal Cd_(3)As_(2) photonics tunable nanostructures

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