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arXiv 2024年

作者： Šebek, Stjepan Department of Applied Mathematics Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing University of Zagreb Zagreb Croatia

In this article we study the convex hull spanned by the union of trajectories of a standard planar Brownian motion, and an independent standard planar Brownian bridge. We find exact values of the expectation of perimeter and area of such a convex hull. As an auxiliary result, that is of interest in its own right, we provide an explicit shape of the probability density function of a random variable that represents the time when combined maximum of a standard one-dimensional Brownian motion, and an independent standard one-dimensional Brownian bridge is attained. At the end, we generalize our results to the case of multiple independent standard planar Brownian motions and Brownian *** Codes 60J65, 60D05, 52A22, 52A10 Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Brownian movement

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Langevin Equation in Heterogeneous Landscapes: How to Choose the Interpretation

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Physical Review Letters 2024年第6期133卷 067102-067102页

作者： Adrian Pacheco-Pozo Michał Balcerek Agnieszka Wyłomanska Krzysztof Burnecki Igor M. Sokolov Diego Krapf Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and School of Biomedical Engineering Faculty of Pure and Applied Mathematics Hugo Steinhaus Center Institut für Physik and IRIS Adlershof

The Langevin equation is a common tool to model diffusion at a single-particle level. In nonhomogeneous environments, such as aqueous two-phase systems or biological condensates with different diffusion coefficients in different phases, the solution to a Langevin equation is not unique unless the interpretation of stochastic integrals involved is selected. We analyze the diffusion of particles in such systems and evaluate the mean, the mean square displacement, and the distribution of particles, as well as the variance of the time-averaged mean-square displacements. Our analytical results provide a method to choose the interpretation parameter from single-particle tracking experiments.

关键词： Brownian motion Diffusion Random walks Stochastic processes Liquid-liquid interfaces Langevin equation Stochastic differential equations

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A Theory of Non-Linear Feature Learning with One Gradient Step in Two-Layer Neural Networks 41

A Theory of Non-Linear Feature Learning with One Gradient St...

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41st International Conference on Machine Learning, ICML 2024

作者： Moniri, Behrad Lee, Donghwan Hassani, Hamed Dobriban, Edgar Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering University of Pennsylvania PA United States Graduate Group in Applied Mathematics and Computational Science University of Pennsylvania PA United States Department of Statistics and Data Science University of Pennsylvania PA United States

Feature learning is thought to be one of the fundamental reasons for the success of deep neural networks. It is rigorously known that in two-layer fully-connected neural networks under certain conditions, one step of gradient descent on the first layer can lead to feature learning;characterized by the appearance of a separated rank-one component-spike-in the spectrum of the feature matrix. However, with a constant gradient descent step size, this spike only carries information from the linear component of the target function and therefore learning non-linear components is impossible. We show that with a learning rate that grows with the sample size, such training in fact introduces multiple rank-one components, each corresponding to a specific polynomial feature. We further prove that the limiting large-dimensional and large sample training and test errors of the updated neural networks are fully characterized by these spikes. By precisely analyzing the improvement in the training and test errors, we demonstrate that these non-linear features can enhance learning. Copyright 2024 by the author(s)

关键词： Adversarial machine learning

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Enhanced Mini-YOLOv7: A AI Approach for Safety Helmet Detection in the Construction Industry

Enhanced Mini-YOLOv7: A AI Approach for Safety Helmet Detect...

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2024 IEEE International Women in engineering (WIE) Conference on electrical and Computer engineering, WIECON-ECE 2024

作者： Blessie, A. Alice Sankarasubramanian, R.S. John, Joseph Krishnapriya, S. Bhuvanesh, A. Keerthanadevi, R. Government College of Engineering Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Tirunelveli India Psg Institute of Technology and Applied Research Department of Mathematics Coimbatore India Gregorian Institute of Technology Department of Mechnanical Engineering Kottayam India Sri Eshwar College of Engineering Department of English Coimbatore India Psn College of Engineering and Technology Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Tirunelveli India Psn College of Engineering and Technology Department of Computer Science and Engineering Tirunelveli India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331535476

Wearing safety helmets is an effective way to keep construction workers safe on the job. Workers often opt to remove their helmets due to discomfort or a lack of security knowledge, leaving them vulnerable to unsaid threats. A worker's risk of injury from falls, both physical and otherwise, increases when they do not wear a safety helmet. Because detecting whether workers are wearing safety helmets is an important aspect of managing safety on construction sites, a fast and accurate detector is required. However, standard manual monitors aren't particularly popular, and attaching sensors to a safety helmet is a laborious operation. With that in mind, this study presents EM-YOLOv7, a DL method for autonomous safety helmet recognition in real-time that has been developed for use on construction sites. A multi-scale non-local attention module (MSNA) is incorporated into the system to improve detection accuracy in complicated situations. This module enhances feature recovery by aggregating semantic context across multiple scales. Further, to improve detection performance and handle mutual occlusion, a loss function named Wise-IoUv3 (WIoUv3) is used. This method adjusts the loss depending on the overlap between the predicted and ground truth bounding boxes. To train and test the model, we will utilize the safety helmet-wearing (SHWD) dataset, which includes a wide variety of construction workers and whether or not they wore helmets. The goal of this technique is to provide a 99% accurate solution for real-time helmet recognition, which would greatly improve safety management and decrease the likelihood of accidents on construction sites. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Construction industry

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On the convergence of projected alternating maximization for equitable and optimal transport

The Journal of Machine Learning Research

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The Journal of Machine Learning Research 2024年第1期25卷 16456-16488页

作者： Minhui Huang Shiqian Ma Lifeng Lai Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California Davis CA Department of Computational Applied Mathematics and Operations Research Rice University Houston TX

This paper studies the equitable and optimal transport (EOT) problem, which has many applications such as fair division problems and optimal transport with multiple agents etc. In the discrete distributions case, the EOT problem can be formulated as a linear program (LP). Since this LP is prohibitively large for general LP solvers, (Scetbon et al., 2021) suggests to perturb the problem by adding an entropy regularization. They proposed a projected alternating maximization algorithm (PAM) to solve the dual of the entropy regularized EOT. In this paper, we provide the first convergence analysis of PAM. A novel rounding procedure is proposed to help construct the primal solution for the original EOT problem. We also propose a variant of PAM by incorporating the extrapolation technique that can numerically improve the performance of PAM. Results in this paper may shed lights on block coordinate (gradient) descent methods for general optimization problems.

关键词： equitable and optimal transport fairness saddle point problem projected alternating maximization block coordinate descent acceleration rounding

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Game-Based Feedback Control Design Toward Dynamic Energy Market

IEEE Transactions on Energy Markets, Policy and Regulation

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IEEE Transactions on Energy Markets, Policy and Regulation 2024年第4期2卷 561-569页

作者： Jia, Yingzhe Li, Yiliang Qiu, Wei Chen, Long Sun, Kaiqi Zhang, Yuying Lee, Heung-Wing Joseph Feng, Jun-E Terzija, Vladimir Hunan University College of Electrical and Information Engineering Changsha410082 China University of Macau China Department of Electromechanical Engineering Zhuhai999078 China Shandong University School of Electrical Engineering Jinan250016 China State Grid Corporation Jinan Jinan Power Supply Company Jinan250011 China Hong Kong Polytechnic University Department of Applied Mathematics Hong Kong Hong Kong Shandong University School of Mathematics Jinan250100 China Newcastle University Energy Systems and Networks School of Engineering Newcastle upon TyneNE1 7RU United Kingdom

In the modern power grids, the energy market has been developing rapidly, along with the growth of multi-energy combined tradings. Consequently, studies of interactions behaviours between various agents (e.g., game theory) in the energy market becomes prevalent to properly analyze and regulate the energy market. However, most of existing works have been focusing on the equilibria analysis of static games, and little works have been done regarding designing feedback control on dynamic games, particularly when the system dynamics changes under disturbances. In this paper, a novel game-based feedback control design method is proposed using semi-tensor product (STP) of matrices. The state-space equations of the dynamic game is firstly derived considering the decision logics and interactive correlations between various agents in the energy market. Then, a novel set of mathematical derivations has been proposed to implement control on some agents such that the price of the energy market can be regulated despite of randomly changing states and potential disturbances to the decision making. Finally, a simulated energy market using the proposed STP game-based control is demonstrated, where the results are discussed and the effectiveness of the proposed method is validated. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Tensors

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Analyzing Chaotic Jerk System with Hyperbolic Sine: A new algorithm for engineering Applications 25

Analyzing Chaotic Jerk System with Hyperbolic Sine: A new al...

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25th International Arab Conference on Information Technology, ACIT 2024

作者： Khalil, Raed M. Saadeh, Rania Abdoon, Mohamed A. Berir, Mohammed Qazza, Ahmad Elrashidi, Ali Balqa' Applied University Department of Computer Information Systems Salt Jordan Zarqa University Department of Mathematics Zarqa Jordan Deanship King Saud University Department of Basic Sciences Riyadh Saudi Arabia Al-Baha University Department of Mathematics Baljurashi Saudi Arabia University of Business and Technology Department of Electrical Engineering Jeddah21432 Saudi Arabia

ISBN: (纸本)9798331540012

this paper examines numerical solutions and applications of an innovative Chaotic Jerk System utilizing the Caputo-Fabrizio fractional derivative (CF-FD). Chaotic systems display complex and unpredictable behaviors, which are recognized as significant in secure communication, data encryption, and random number generation. Employing both the Caputo-Fabrizio fractional derivative and the theory of fractional calculus allows this study to present complex behaviors in compliance with memory effects and long-range interdependence. The computational approach has been introduced in the work and used to solve this chaotic system, which will eventually help us explore the dynamic behavior of such systems. At the same time, it scrutinizes a system's chaos, although closely recreating its action with. Initial conditions and parameters by executing numerical analysis, for example. Moreover, the paper gives an illustrative example for using this chaotic system in secure communication, data encryption, and random number generation. This article develops the phase form of a four-dimensional chaotic system using fractional calculus techniques and, hence, manipulates its chaos. The study provides a bridge between theory and application, an important function that allows for modern innovations in a wide spectrum of areas. We quantified the behavior of this system through numerical simulations and analytical exams, addressing methodologically different conditions thereon. These goals feed into a deeper knowledge of emergent complex chaotic dynamics as well as how the system might be implemented in applications such as secure communication and data encryption. Fractional calculus and chaotic systems have numerous and ever-expanding applications in engineering, helping to improve signal processing, modeling, communication, control, encryption, and our general knowledge of complicated dynamic systems. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Random number generation

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Experimental validation of multiferroic antennas in GHz frequency range

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applied Physics Letters 2023年第16期123卷 1-6页

作者： Xu, Rui-Fu Ippet-Letembet, Louis-Charles Tiwari, Sidhant Yao, Zhi [Jackie] Huang, Shih-Ming Candler, Rob N. Chen, Shih-Yuan Graduate Institute of Communication Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei10617 Taiwan Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California Los AngelesCA90095 United States Applied Mathematics and Computational Research Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory BerkeleyCA94720 United States California NanoSystems Institute Los AngelesCA90095 United States Department of Electrical Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei10617 Taiwan

Various mechanical antennas have emerged to overcome the inherently narrower bandwidth and degraded efficiency in electrically small antennas. Among them, multiferroic antennas are expected to realize high-frequency applications and maintain their performance, even with significantly reduced sizes. However, experimental proof of such radiation from multiferroic or magnetoelectric coupling in the GHz range deserves further examination. This paper designs and fabricates a series of multiferroic antenna samples with mechanical resonances at around 3.5 and 6 GHz, and their radiation transmissions are tested at these resonances. Nickel, a magnetoelastic material, consistently exhibits magnetically induced radiation at both resonances. However, magnetic material consisting of Permalloy (Ni78Fe22), known for its much weaker magnetoelastic effects, still shows similar transmission behaviors at 3.67 GHz and enhanced power absorption at 6.42 GHz. Our results indicate that the dynamic response of magnetoelastic materials in the GHz band should differ from their response at the MHz and below bands. This evidence calls for further investigations of the source of magnetoelectric radiation. © 2023 Author(s).

关键词： Iron alloys

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SUT: a new multi-purpose synthetic dataset for Farsi document image analysis 13

SUT: a new multi-purpose synthetic dataset for Farsi documen...

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13th International Conference on Computer and Knowledge engineering, ICCKE 2023

作者： Shabaninia, Elham Eslami, Fatemeh Sadat Afkari-Fahandari, Ali Nezamabadi-Pour, Hossein Graduate University of Advanced Technology Faculty of Sciences and Modern Technologies Department of Applied Mathematics Kerman Iran Sirjan University of Technology Department of Computer Engineering Sirjan Iran Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman Department of Electrical Engineering Kerman Iran

ISBN: (纸本)9798350330151

This paper introduces a new large-scale dataset for Farsi document images, named SUT, which aims to tackle the challenges associated with obtaining diverse and substantial ground-truth data for supervised models in document image analysis (DIA) tasks, like document image classification, text detection and recognition, and information retrieval. The dataset comprises 62,453 images that have been categorized into 21 distinct classes, including identity documents featuring synthetically generated personal information superimposed on various backgrounds. The dataset also includes corresponding files with labeling information for the images. The ground-truth data is organized in CSV files containing image file paths and associated information about the embedded data. To demonstrate the efficacy of the SUT dataset in DIA tasks, it was utilized for document classification (achieving an accuracy of 86% using a convolutional neural network) and OCR (achieving a CER of 0.083 and 0.072 using Tesseract and EasyOCR engines, respectively). The SUT dataset serves as an esteemed asset for scholars engaged in the development and assessment of supervised models in Farsi document image analysis. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Optical character recognition

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Fast and Effective Detection of Personal Protective Equipment on Smart Cameras 26th

Fast and Effective Detection of Personal Protective Equipm...

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26th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, ICPR 2022

作者： Greco, Antonio Saldutti, Stefano Vento, Bruno Department of Information and Electrical Engineering and Applied Mathematics University of Salerno Fisciano Italy A.I. Ready srl Salerno Italy A.I. Tech srl Salerno Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9783031376597

Worker safety is still a serious problem, as accidents and deaths at work are unfortunately very common, especially in construction sites. To prevent such injuries, there is a great interest in video analysis solutions able to continuously monitor a construction site in order to verify the correct use of PPE by workers. In this paper we propose a method designed for verifying the correct use of helmet and protective vest, optimized to run directly on board of a smart camera, in order to use it also in temporary and mobile construction sites. The proposed approach solves many known problems in PPE verification systems, such as the detection at variable distances, the balancing of the number of samples available for the various classes of interest, a more accurate verification of the presence of the helmet and the management of challenging situations such as bald or hatted heads typically confused with helmets. To this aim, we conducted an ablation study showing the effectiveness of our design choices in terms of dataset preparation and classifier. The detection F-Score of 91.5 % in continuous monitoring, up to 94.0 % in more controlled access control scenarios, and the PPE recognition accuracy of 93.7 %, together with the capability to process 10 to 20 FPS on board of three different smart cameras, demonstrate the suitability of the proposed solution for real construction sites. An example video of the proposed system in action, integrated in a PPE verification product, is online available (https://***/watch?v=-fz25HYcFLo ). © 2023, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Access control

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