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Generalized epidemic model incorporating non-Markovian infection processes and waning immunity

Physical Review E 2023年第1期108卷 014405-014405页

作者： Qihui Yang Joan Saldaña Caterina Scoglio Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Kansas State University Manhattan 66506 Kansas USA Department of Computer Science Applied Mathematics and Statistics Universitat de Girona Girona 17003 Catalonia Spain

The Markovian approach, which assumes exponentially distributed interinfection times, is dominant in epidemic modeling. However, this assumption is unrealistic as an individual's infectiousness depends on its viral load and varies over time. In this paper, we present a Susceptible-Infected-Recovered-Vaccinated-Susceptible epidemic model incorporating non-Markovian infection processes. The model can be easily adapted to accurately capture the generation time distributions of emerging infectious diseases, which is essential for accurate epidemic prediction. We observe noticeable variations in the transient behavior under different infectiousness profiles and the same basic reproduction number R0. The theoretical analyses show that only R0 and the mean immunity period of the vaccinated individuals have an impact on the critical vaccination rate needed to achieve herd immunity. A vaccination level at the critical vaccination rate can ensure a very low incidence among the population in the case of future epidemics, regardless of the infectiousness profiles.

关键词： Epidemic evolution Epidemic growth Population dynamics

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Comparative Analysis of Load Frequency Control Strategies: PID, Fuzzy Logic, and Model Predictive Control (MPC) 4

Comparative Analysis of Load Frequency Control Strategies: P...

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4th IEEE International Conference on Advance Computing and Innovative Technologies in engineering, ICACITE 2024

作者： Pal, Ritu Sati, Madan Mohan Pal, Tarun Singh, Akhilesh Vijay, Sandip Goyal, Shweta Tula's Institute Deptt. of Computer Sci. & Engg. Dehradun India Graphic Era Hill University Deptt. of Mathematics Bhimtal263136 India Shoolini University Faculty of Applied Sciences & Biotechnology Himachal Pardesh 173229 India Uttarakhand Technical University Campus Institute Department of Electrical Engineering Pithoragarh India Tula's Institute Department of Ece & Eee Dehradun India Graphic Era Deemed to Be University Department of Electrical Engineering Dehradun248002 India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350360165

An effective power system operation must have load frequency control abilities. An essential part of the system is a reliable power source and a stable system. We need to keep the production and consumption of energy under check if we want to reach this goal. There is an in-depth analysis and review of twoarea power system Load Frequency Control (LFC) methods offered. Fuzzy control, PID, and MPC were among the many methods we explored. Determine which of the three choices is optimal;that is the goal of this assignment. Many factors are considered when assessing a control plan. It is crucial to consider about the transient reaction. Among the most important considerations are complex processing, robustness, and steadystate error. We may evaluate several control methods for a multiarea power grid and how well they handle demand fluctuations using MATLAB/Simulink models. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Model predictive control

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Unsupervised multi-scale diagnostics

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Lapo, Karl Ichinaga, Sara M. Kutz, J. Nathan Department of Atmospheric and Cryospheric Sciences University of Innsbruck Innsbruck6020 Austria Department of Applied Mathematics University of Washington SeattleWA98195 United States Departments of Applied Mathematics and Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Washington SeattleWA United States

The unsupervised and principled diagnosis of multi-scale data is a fundamental obstacle in modern scientific problems from, for instance, weather and climate prediction, neurology, epidemiology, and turbulence. Multi-scale data is characterized by a combination of processes acting along multiple dimensions simultaneously, spatiotemporal scales across orders of magnitude, non-stationarity, and/or invariances such as translation and rotation. Existing methods are not well-suited to multiscale data, usually requiring supervised strategies such as human intervention, extensive tuning, or selection of ideal time periods. We present the multi-resolution Coherent Spatio-Temporal Scale Separation (mrCOSTS), a hierarchical and automated algorithm for the diagnosis of coherent patterns or modes in multi-scale data. mrCOSTS is a variant of Dynamic Mode Decomposition which decomposes data into bands of spatial patterns with shared time dynamics, thereby providing a robust method for analyzing multi-scale data. It requires no training but instead takes advantage of the hierarchical nature of multi-scale systems. We demonstrate mrCOSTS using complex multi-scale data sets that are canonically difficult to analyze: 1) climate patterns of sea surface temperature, 2) electrophysiological observations of neural signals of the motor cortex, and 3) horizontal wind in the mountain boundary layer. With mrCOSTS, we trivially retrieve complex dynamics that were previously difficult to resolve while additionally extracting hitherto unknown patterns of activity embedded in the dynamics, allowing for advancing the understanding of these fields of study. This method is an important advancement for addressing the multi-scale data which characterize many of the grand challenges in science and *** Codes 37-04 (primary) 37N10, 37N25, 86-08 (secondary) © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Hierarchical systems

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Observation of Conjugate OAM Mode Generation via Modulational Instability in a Hollow Ring-Core Fiber

Observation of Conjugate OAM Mode Generation via Modulationa...

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2023 Optica Nonlinear Optics Topical Meeting, NLO 2023

作者： Dacha, Sai Kanth Elder, Henry F. Zhu, Wenqi Agrawal, Amit Sprangle, Phillip A. Murphy, Thomas E. Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics Columbia University New YorkNY10027 United States Department of Physics University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States GaithersburgMD20878 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781957171234

We report experimental observation of modulational instability in a hollow ring-core fiber, in which a pumped l = +10 spin-orbit anti-aligned (SOaa) produces spectral sidebands consisting additionally of the l = −10 spin-orbit aligned (SOa) mode. Optica Nonlinear Optics Topical Meeting 2023 © Optica Publishing Group 2023 © 2023 The Author(s)

关键词： Nonlinear optics

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Broadcasting System with Cooperative NOMA and Successive Refinement

Broadcasting System with Cooperative NOMA and Successive Ref...

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IEEE Conference on Wireless Communications and Networking

作者： Yifan Zhou Meng Cheng Shuang Wei Shen Qian College of Information Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Shanghai Normal University Shanghai China Department of Applied Systems and Mathematics Faculty of Informatics Kanagawa University Kanagawa Japan

ISBN: (数字)9798350368369

ISBN: (纸本)9798350368376

This paper proposes an efficient broadcasting system which combines cooperative non-orthogonal multiple access (CO-NOMA) and successive refinement (SR) coding. The objective is to construct uncorrelated descriptions of the same source information carried by different NOMA layers, such that each user can choose to decode only the basic description or both, depending on the quality-of-service (QoS) requirement. To enhance the performance of far NOMA users which demand a high QoS, user cooperation is invoked and two relaying schemes are proposed. Assuming all channels are suffered from block Rayleigh fading, the outage probabilities of the proposed system are mathematically derived in closed-form. The advantages over conventional NOMA and CO-NOMA are also demonstrated.

关键词： NOMA Quality of service Broadcasting Probability Encoding Power system reliability Internet of Things Reliability Relays Vehicle-to-everything

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Robust Decision-Making Via Free Energy Minimization

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Shafiei, Allahkaram Jesawada, Hozefa Friston, Karl Russo, Giovanni Department of Information and Electrical Engineering and Applied Mathematics University of Salerno Italy Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging Institute of Neurology University College London United Kingdom

Despite their groundbreaking performance, state-of-the-art autonomous agents can misbehave when training and environmental conditions become inconsistent, with minor mismatches leading to undesirable behaviors or even catastrophic failures.1–4 Robustness towards these training/environment ambiguities is a core requirement for intelligent agents and its fulfillment is a long-standing challenge when deploying agents in the real world.5 Here, departing from mainstream views seeking robustness through training,6 we introduce DR-FREE, a free energy model that installs this core property by design. It directly wires robustness into the agent decision-making mechanisms via free energy minimization. By combining a robust extension of the free energy principle with a novel resolution engine, DR-FREE returns a policy that is optimal-yet-robust against ambiguity. Moreover, for the first time, it reveals the mechanistic role of ambiguity on optimal decisions and requisite Bayesian belief updating. We evaluate DR-FREE on an experimental testbed involving real rovers navigating an ambiguous environment filled with obstacles. Across all the experiments, DR-FREE enables robots to successfully navigate towards their goal even when, in contrast, standard free energy minimizing agents that do not use DR-FREE fail. In short, DR-FREE can tackle scenarios that elude previous methods: this milestone may inspire both deployment in multi-agent settings and, at a perhaps deeper level, the quest for a biologically plausible explanation of how natural agents – with little or no training – survive in capricious environments. © 2025, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Decision making

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GLOBAL SOLUTIONS TO THE SUPERCOOLED STEFAN PROBLEM WITH BLOW-UPS: REGULARITY AND UNIQUENESS

Probability and Mathematical Physics

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Probability and Mathematical Physics 2022年第1期3卷 171-213页

作者： Delarue, François Nadtochiy, Sergey Shkolnikov, Mykhaylo Laboratoire J.A.Dieudonné Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis UMR CNRS-UNS No. 7351 Nice France Department of Applied Mathematics Illinois Institute of Technology Rettaliata Engineering Center Chicago IL United States ORFE Department Bendheim Center for Finance Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics Princeton University Princeton NJ United States

We consider the supercooled Stefan problem, which captures the freezing of a supercooled liquid, in one space dimension. A probabilistic reformulation of the problem allows us to define global solutions, even in the presence of blow-ups of the freezing rate. We provide a complete description of such solutions, by relating the temperature distribution in the liquid to the regularity of the ice growth process. The latter is shown to transition between (i) continuous differentiability, (ii) Hölder continuity, and (iii) discontinuity. In particular, in the second regime we rediscover the square root behavior of the growth process pointed out by Stefan in his seminal 1889 paper for the ordinary Stefan problem. In our second main theorem, we establish the uniqueness of the global solutions, a first result of this kind in the context of growth processes with singular self-excitation when blow-ups are present. © 2022 Mathematical Sciences Publishers.

关键词： blow-ups free boundary problem heat equation interacting particle systems mean-field interaction physical solutions probabilistic reformulation self-excitation supercooled Stefan problem zero set

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Benchmarking deep neural networks for gesture recognition on embedded devices

Benchmarking deep neural networks for gesture recognition on...

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IEEE International Workshop on Robot and Human Communication (ROMAN)

作者： Stefano Bini Antonio Greco Alessia Saggese Mario Vento Department of Information and Electrical Engineering and Applied Mathematics University of Salerno Italy

ISBN: (数字)9781728188591

ISBN: (纸本)9781665406802

The gesture is one of the most used forms of communication between humans; in recent years, given the new trend of factories to be adapted to Industry 4.0 paradigm, the scientific community has shown a growing interest towards the design of Gesture Recognition (GR) algorithms for Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) applications. Within this context, the GR algorithm needs to work in real time and over embedded platforms, with limited resources. Anyway, when looking at the available scientific literature, the aim of the different proposed neural networks (i.e. 2D and 3D) and of the different modalities used for feeding the network (i.e. RGB, RGB-D, optical flow) is typically the optimization of the accuracy, without strongly paying attention to the feasibility over low power hardware devices. Anyway, the analysis related to the trade-off between accuracy and computational burden (for both networks and modalities) becomes important so as to allow GR algorithms to work in industrial robotics applications. In this paper, we perform a wide benchmarking focusing not only on the accuracy but also on the computational burden, involving two different architectures (2D and 3D), with two different backbones (MobileNet, ResNeXt) and four types of input modalities (RGB, Depth, Optical Flow, Motion History Image) and their combinations.

关键词： Three-dimensional displays Service robots Neural networks Memory management Gesture recognition Speech recognition Benchmark testing

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Magnetoelastic coupling driven magnon gap in a honeycomb antiferromagnet

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Physical Review B 2024年第10期110卷 104419页

作者： Jeongheon Choe Andrey Baydin Gaihua Ye Bowen Ma Cynthia Nnokwe Martin Rodriguez-Vega David Lujan Swati Chaudhary Fuyang Tay Jiaming He Hiroyuki Nojiri Jianshi Zhou Gregory A. Fiete Junichiro Kono Rui He Xiaoqin Li Department of Physics Center of Complex Quantum Systems Center for Dynamics and Control of Materials Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Smalley–Curl Institute Department of Physics Applied Physics Graduate Program Smalley–Curl Institute Department of Mechanical Engineering Institute for Materials Research Department of Physics and Astronomy Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering

Cobalt titanate, CoTiO3, is a honeycomb antiferromagnet recently confirmed experimentally to host Dirac magnons, topological spin-orbit excitons, and chiral phonons. Here, we investigate a magnon gap at the zone center which calls for a refined spin Hamiltonian. We propose a microscopic model for the magnon gap and attribute it to a lattice-distortion (phonon)-induced higher-order spin interaction. Strong magnetoelastic coupling in CoTiO3 is also evident in Raman spectra, in which the magnetic order exerts a stronger influence on phonons corresponding to in-plane ionic motions than those with out-of-plane motions. We further examine the evolution of the zone-center magnons in a high magnetic field up to 18.5 T via THz absorption spectroscopy measurements. Based on this field dependence, we propose a spin Hamiltonian that not only agrees with magnon dispersion measured by inelastic neutron scattering but also includes fewer exchange constants and a realistic anisotropy term. Our work highlights the broad implications of magnetoelastic coupling in the study of topologically protected bosonic excitations.

关键词： Magnetism Magnons Topological materials Raman spectroscopy Terahertz spectroscopy

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Exploring solitary wave solutions to the simplified modified camassa-holm equation through a couple sophisticated analytical approaches

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Results in Physics 2024年 59卷

作者： Devnath, Sujoy Khan, Shahansha Akbar, M. Ali Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Daffodil International University Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Mathematics Uttara University Uttara Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Applied Mathematics University of Rajshahi Bangladesh

The simplified modified Camassa-Holm equation, a developed Korteweg-de Vries equation, is an integrable nonlinear dispersive water wave equation with potential applications in diverse fields such as shallow water waves, liquid drop patterning, water surface waves in channels, tsunamis in coastal regions, ocean engineering, etc. In this study, we derived solitary wave solutions to the described equation, employing two reliable approaches: the enhanced modified simple equation and the extended Kudryashov methods. The enhanced modified simple equation technique yields solutions with variable coefficients through a generalized wave transformation. On the other hand, the extended Kudryashov method exploits the solutions of the Riccati and Bernoulli differential equations. The determined results include diverse soliton solutions expressed in the form of trigonometric, hyperbolic, and rational functions. Notably, for specific parameter values, these solutions exhibit wave of distinct shapes, including kink, smooth kink, flat kink, periodic, singular periodic, one-sided kink, etc. To apparently explain the physical behavior and the impact of the fractional parameter in the solutions, we plotted three- and two-dimensional graphs. The obtained solutions have potential applications in oceanography, spanning offshore rigs, ocean gravity waves, and wave energy. © 2024 The Author(s)

关键词： Enhanced modified simple equation method Extended Kudryashov method Modified Camassa-Holm equation Soliton

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