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2023 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence Robotics, Signal and Image Processing, AIRoSIP 2023

作者： Rahmania, Rissa Heryadi, Yaya Lukas, Lukas Suparta, Wayan Sonata, Ilvico Bina Nusantara University Binus Graduate Program Computer Science Computer Science Department Jakarta11480 Indonesia Faculty of Engineering Jakarta12930 Indonesia Institut Teknologi Nasional Yogyakarta Faculty of Industrial Technology Department of Electrical Engineering Yogyakarta55281 Indonesia

ISBN: (纸本)9798350327472

The existence of fine-grained image classification supporting smart retail provides effectiveness in recognizing products with high similarity. However, the generic classification method performs poorly in identifying products from a subordinate category. This paper aims to identify augmentation techniques to leverage the Vision Transformer (ViT) model to classify the fine-grained grocery product, which involves embedding patches and transformer encoders to extract the main features. First, we develop a fine-grained image dataset with ColorJitter, CutOut, and combining both augmentations. Secondly, we perform experiments and analysis of ViT size, embedded patch size and image size in the patch embedding process. Lastly, the ViT model are evaluated according to the image sizes 224, 384, and 512 in accuracy, loss, and confusion matrix. The highest accuracy was obtained at 0.9922. The ColorJitter and CutOut improved the confusion matrix in ViT-B/16 and ViT-L/16 with an image size of 384 and 512. The results show that both augmentations in the ViT model are able to distinguish fine-grained grocery products. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Embeddings

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Work Function: Fundamentals, Measurement, Calculation, engineering, and Applications

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Physical Review Applied 2023年第3期19卷 037001-037001页

作者： Lin Lin Ryan Jacobs Tianyu Ma Dongzheng Chen John Booske Dane Morgan Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison USA

The work function, which is the energy barrier for an electron escaping from the surface of a material, is a fundamental material surface property with many applications spanning energy harvesting, heterogeneous catalysis, vacuum electronics, and solid-state electronics. In this review, we define different aspects of the work function through an electrostatic potential treatment. We discuss in detail the role of electric fields, especially the heterogeneous surface patch field, in order to clarify potential points of confusion about work-function measurement and interpretation. We review standard experimental approaches to measure work function and the use of density-functional theory as a computational tool to predict work function. We then discuss the influence of materials chemistry and structure on work-function trends. We also discuss the role of work function in various applications, including a particular focus on relative electron energy-level alignment. Finally, we discuss two common approaches for engineering work-function values for specific applications: tuning the Fermi level and tuning the surface dipole. This review provides guidance for researchers interested in the intersection of work function, surface characterization, surface and interface physics and chemistry, and materials and device design for a wide array of technologically relevant applications.

关键词： electrical properties Electrochemical properties Electron emission Electronic structure Surface & interfacial phenomena Devices Metals Semiconductors

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Leidenfrost droplet billiard balls

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Physical Review Fluids 2024年第11期9卷 L111601-L111601页

作者： Yukai Lin Canjun Zhao Fuqiang Chu Xiaomin Wu Nenad Miljkovic Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education Department of Energy and Power Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China School of Energy and Environmental Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana Illinois 61801 USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana Illinois 61801 USA Materials Research Laboratory University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana Illinois 61801 USA Institute for Sustainability Energy and Environment (iSEE) University of Illinois Urbana Illinois USA International Institute for Carbon Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER) Kyushu University 744 Moto-oka Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan

We report the observation of two identical Leidenfrost droplets rebounding from each other after a head-on collision on a hot surface, resembling billiard ball collision. The observed phenomenon contradicts the established understanding that predicts the coalescence of two colliding Leidenfrost droplets. The collision dynamics of the Leidenfrost droplets is investigated using pressure and energy balance analysis at the macroscale, and a molecular interaction analysis at the nanoscale. The results suggest that droplet properties and the temperature of the hot surface determine the state of the gas film between the colliding droplets. Droplets with lower surface tension form thicker gas films, while lower surface temperatures mitigate the interaction of vapor molecules within the gas film, both facilitating droplet rebound after their collision. The discovered Leidenfrost droplet phenomenon is highly controllable, and has potential for a variety of applications, such as the selective chemical synthesis as explored in this work.

关键词： Drop & bubble phenomena Heat transfer Multiphase flows Surface & interfacial phenomena

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Demonstration of device-quality InGaN grown on porous GaN tiles by MBE with an in-plane lattice constant equivalent to fully relaxed In0.12Ga0.88N

Demonstration of device-quality InGaN grown on porous GaN ti...

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2022 Compound Semiconductor Week, CSW 2022

作者： Wurm, Christian Collins, Henry Hatui, Nirupam Li, Weiyi Pasayat, Shubhra Hamwey, Robert Sun, Kai Sayed, Islam Khan, Kamruzzaman Ahmadi, Elaheh Keller, Stacia Mishra, Umesh University of California Santa Barbara Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering CA United States University of Wisconsin-Madison Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Wisconsin United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Michigan United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Michigan Michigan United States

ISBN: (数字)9781665453400

ISBN: (纸本)9781665453400

Device-quality, relaxed InGaN substrates has been a topic of great interest, particularly for longer wavelength optoelectronics. This work demonstrates MBE-grown In0.2Ga0.8N with a strain relaxation of 60% corresponding to an equivalently fully relaxed In-composition of 12% achieved by growing on a GaN-on-porous GaN pseudo-substrate (PS). The surface morphology of this film was found to be free of V-defects on the surface and with a threading dislocation density comparable to that of the GaN layers beneath. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： III-V semiconductors

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Water-harvesting polymer coatings for plant leaves

RSC Applied Polymers

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RSC Applied Polymers 2024年第1期3卷 173-180页

作者： Milatz, Roland Reink, Carmen van den Berg, Tomas E. Duvigneau, Joost Vancso, G. Julius Wurm, Frederik R. Sustainable Polymer Chemistry Department of Molecules and Materials MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology Faculty of Science and Technology University of Twente Enschede Netherlands Department of Integrated Devices and Systems Faculty of Electrical Engineering Mathematics & Computer Science University of Twente Enschede 7522 NB Netherlands

Climate change-induced water scarcity threatens global plant life and agricultural productivity. Here, we present a novel atmospheric water harvesting (AWH) coating designed to alleviate heat and dry stress potentially. This polymer coating utilizes block copolymers carrying catechol-anchoring groups, specifically poly(dopamine methacrylamide) (PDOMA), to adhere to plant leaves. As a hydrophilic block, either poly((oligoethylene glycol) methacrylate) (POEGMA) or the thermoresponsive block poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) was used, which can adsorb water from the air during cooler periods in its hydrophilic state. As the temperature increases above the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of PNIPAM, the polymer transitions to a hydrophobic state, releasing the captured water to the leaf surface. We synthesized PNIPAM-b-PDOMA copolymers via RAFT polymerization and confirmed their composition (IR, ¹H NMR and ¹H DOSY NMR spectroscopy) with a cloud point temperature of 33 ± 1 °C. The coatings were applied to model substrates (SiO₂, polyethylene) and corn leaves. Compared to uncoated controls, coated substrates demonstrated a substantial increase in water uptake from humid air, absorbing up to 50 wt% of the coating's weight. The coating's adherence and thermoresponsive behavior were confirmed on corn leaves through contact angle measurements, showing a shift from hydrophilic (29 ± 3°) below the LCST to hydrophobic (80 ± 2°) above the LCST, closer to the native, hydrophobic leaf (110 ± 10°). Crucially, photosynthesis induction experiments revealed that the coating did not negatively impact the plant's natural photosynthetic processes. This study establishes a promising copolymer platform for developing AWH coatings to support plants in the face of increasing drought conditions. © 2025 RSC.

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Integrated Preparation of Photonic Spin-Orbit Qudits

Integrated Preparation of Photonic Spin-Orbit Qudits

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CLEO: science and Innovations in CLEO 2024, CLEO: S and I 2024 - Part of Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

作者： Zhao, Haoqi Zhang, Yichi Gao, Zihe Yim, Jieun Wu, Shuang Litchinitser, Natalia M. Ge, Li Feng, Liang Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering University of Pennsylvania PhiladelphiaPA19104 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Pennsylvania PhiladelphiaPA19104 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Department of Physics Duke University DurhamNC27708 United States Department of Engineering Science and Physics College of Staten Island CUNY Staten IslandNY10314 United States The Graduate Center CUNY New YorkNY10016 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781957171395

Preparing and manipulating N-dimensional flying qudits as well as subsequently establishing their entanglement are still challenging tasks. Here, using an integrated approach, we explore the synergy from two degrees of freedom of light, spatial mode and polarization, to generate, encode, and manipulate flying photon qudits in a four-dimensional Hilbert space with high quantum fidelity, intrinsically enabling enhanced noise resilience and higher quantum data rates. © Optica Publishing Group 2024

关键词： Degrees of freedom (mechanics)

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Hybrid magnon-phonon cavity for large-amplitude terahertz spin-wave excitation

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Physical Review Applied 2024年第4期21卷 044009-044009页

作者： Shihao Zhuang Xufeng Zhang Yujie Zhu Nian X. Sun Chang-Beom Eom Paul G. Evans Jia-Mian Hu Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison Wisconsin 53706 USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Northeastern University Boston Massachusetts 02115 USA

Terahertz (THz) spin waves or their quanta, magnons, can be efficiently excited by acoustic phonons because these excitations have similar wave vectors in the THz regime. THz acoustic phonons can be produced using photoacoustic phenomena but typically have a low population, and thus, a relatively low displacement amplitude. The magnetization amplitude and population of the acoustically excited THz magnons are thus usually small. Using analytical calculations and dynamical phase-field simulations, we show that a freestanding metal/magnetic insulator (MI)/dielectric multilayer can be designed to produce large-amplitude THz spin waves via cavity-enhanced magnon-phonon interactions. The amplitude of the acoustically excited THz spin wave in the freestanding multilayer is predicted to be more than 10 times larger than in a substrate-supported multilayer. Acoustically excited nonlinear magnon-magnon interactions are demonstrated in the freestanding multilayer. The simulations also indicate that the magnon modes can be detected by probing the charge current in the metal layer generated via spin-charge conversion across the MI/metal interface and the resulting THz radiation. Applications of the freestanding multilayer in THz optoelectronic transduction are computationally demonstrated.

关键词： Magnetoacoustic effect Magnons Phonons Spin waves Ultrafast magnetic effects Magnetic multilayers Phase-field modeling Terahertz techniques

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Application of Chaotic Encryption and Decryption in Wireless Transmission From Sensory Toolholders on Machine Tools

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IEEE Sensors Journal 2023年第11期23卷 11453-11468页

作者： Lin, Chi-Yuan Wu, Shu-Cing Kuo, Ping-Huan Huang, Meng-Jun Hong, Song-Wei Yau, Her-Terng National Chin-Yi University of Technology Department of Electronic Engineering Taichung411030 Taiwan National Chin-Yi University of Technology Prospective Technology of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Program Taichung411030 Taiwan Chiayi62102 Taiwan National Chung Cheng University Department of Mechanical Engineering Chiayi62102 Taiwan

In recent years, several industries have increased their demand for processing precision, automatic detection, and visualization interfaces. Therefore, to keep pace with the fourth industrial revolution, machine tool operators install a large number of sensors on machine tools to obtain more precise physical quantities during processing and use a variety of sensors to obtain measurements in various situations. However, these additional sensors on machine tools result in complicated wire layouts, which exhibit negative effects on processing. Such problems lead to the birth of wireless data transmission, which is expected to become the new standard in the future. At present, there is more and more interactive integration between relevant embedded system and the machine tool, which allows information communication between each other in the wireless domain. However, generally, the majority of machine tool operators focus on optimizing the sensing conditions during processing, but they disregard the importance of information security. In the current era of the Internet of Things (IoT), information security is regarded as a crucial factor. For the wireless communication between the IoT equipment for each machine in the machining field, the transmitted data are almost exposed within public space directly due to the loss in constraint and protection of physical wiring. Therefore, such a process can easily be intercepted by other devices that capture information on relevant status of the machine or command messages received by the controller, where intentional individual may possibly control the operating mechanism and progress of entire plant. This leads to theft of relevant secrets in manufacturing technology for the subject company, or intentional shutdown, machine damage, and vicious blackmailing attacks. Therefore, introducing the mechanism of safety protection during wireless signal transmission is an inevitable technology to maintain the company interests and also the

关键词： Synchronization

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SFA-Net: A Selective Features Absorption Network for Object Detection in Rainy Weather Conditions

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IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems 2023年第8期34卷 5122-5132页

作者： Huang, Shih-Chia Hoang, Quoc-Viet Le, Trung-Hieu National Taipei University of Technology Department of Electronic Engineering Taipei10608 Taiwan National Taipei University of Technology International Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Taipei10608 Taiwan Hung Yen University of Technology and Education Faculty of Information Technology Hungyen 17000 Viet Nam

In recent years, object detection approaches using deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have derived major advances in normal images. However, such success is hardly achieved with rainy images due to lack of visibility. Aiming to bridge this gap, in this article, we present a novel selective features absorption network (SFA-Net) to improve the performance of object detection not only in rainy weather conditions but also in favorable weather conditions. SFA-Net accomplishes this objective by utilizing three subnetworks, where the feature selection subnetwork is concatenated with the object detection subnetwork through the feature absorption subnetwork to form a unified model. To promote further advancement in object detection impaired by rain, we propose a large-scale rainy image dataset, named srRain, which contains both synthetic rainy images and real-world rainy images for training and testing purposes. srRain is comprised of 25 900 rainy images depicting diverse driving scenarios in the presence of rain with a total of 181 164 instances interpreting five common object categories. Experimental results display that our SFA-Net reaches the highest mean average precision (mAP) of 77.53% on a normal image set, 62.52% on a synthetic rainy image set, 37.34% on a collected natural rainy image set, and 32.86% on a published real rainy image set, surpassing current state-of-the-art object detectors and the combination of image deraining and object detection models while retaining a high speed. © 2012 IEEE.

关键词： Feature extraction

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Wearable Ultrasound devices for continuous health monitoring: Current and future Prospects 8

Wearable Ultrasound devices for continuous health monitoring...

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8th IEEE International Energy Conference, ENERGYCON 2024

作者： Ottakath, Najmath Al-Maadeed, Somaya Bouridane, Ahmed Chowdhury, Muhammad E.H. Sadasivuni, Kishor Kumar Department of Computer Science and Engineering Qatar University Doha Qatar Center of Data Analytics and Cybersecurity University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates Department of Electrical Engineering Qatar University Doha Qatar Center for Advanced Materials Qatar University Doha Qatar

ISBN: (纸本)9798350382150

Advancements in wearable electronics and portable sensors have enabled long-term and real-time health monitoring. Among these advancements, wearable ultrasound devices have garnered attention due to their portability, ease of use, and ability to penetrate deep tissues in the human body. The images generated by these devices can be harnessed for computer vision tasks, providing valuable insights into an individual’s health status even during physical activity. This paper explores the design of such wearable ultrasound imagers, surveys their current applications, and offers insights into future prospects, including visual image processing and real-time analysis. The study also addresses the challenges of using wearable ultrasound for long-term health monitoring, emphasizing the need for ongoing innovation and research. ©2024 IEEE.

关键词： Ultrasonics

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