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9th Annual IEEE International Conference on Rebooting Computing, ICRC 2024

作者： Dangwal, Siddharth Ravi, Gokul Subramanian Seifert, Lennart Maximilian Das, Poulami Sud, James Chong, Frederic T. Department of Computer Science University of Chicago United States Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of Michigan United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of Texas Austin United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798331541279

Noisy qubit devices limit the fidelity of programs executed on near-term or Noisy Intermediate Scale Quantum (NISQ) systems. The fidelity of NISQ applications can be improved by using various optimizations during program compilation (or transpilation). These optimizations or passes are designed to minimize circuit depth (or program duration), steer more computations on devices with lowest error rates, and reduce the communication overheads involved in performing two-qubit operations between non-adjacent qubits. Additionally, standalone optimizations have been proposed to reduce the impact of crosstalk, measurement, idling, and correlated errors. However, our experiments using real IBM quantum hardware show that using all optimizations simultaneously often leads to sub-optimal performance and the highest improvement in application fidelity is obtained when only a subset of passes are used. Unfortunately, identifying the optimal pass combination is non-trivial as it depends on the application and device specific properties. In this paper, we propose COMPASS, an automated software framework for optimal Compiler Pass Selection for quantum programs. COMPASS uses dummy circuits that resemble a given program but is composed of only Clifford gates and thus, can be efficiently simulated classically to obtain its correct output. The optimal pass set for the dummy circuit is identified by evaluating the efficacy of different pass combinations and this set is then used to compile the given program. Our experiments using real IBMQ machines show that COMPASS improves the application fidelity by 4.3x on average and by upto 248.8x compared to the baseline. However, the complexity of this search scales exponential in the number of compiler steps. To overcome this drawback, we propose Efficient COMPASS (E-COMPASS) that leverages a divide-and-conquer approach to split the passes into sub-groups and exhaustively searching within each sub-group. Our evaluations show that E-COMPASS impro

关键词： Qubits

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A New Approach to Determine Feasible Operating Region of Unbalanced Distribution Networks With Distributed Photovoltaics

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IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 2025年第3期40卷 1493-1504页

作者： Prasad, Manorath Rather, Zakir Hussain Razzaghi, Reza Doolla, Suryanarayana Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Department of Energy Science and Engineering Mumbai400076 India Monash University Department of Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering MelbourneVIC3800 Australia

Amidst rising distributed generation and its potential role in grid management, this article presents a new realistic approach to determine the operational space and flexibility potential of an unbalanced active distribution network. The feasible operating region of an active distribution network is constituted by its range of active-reactive power exchanges with the bulk power system without breaching network constraints. This study explores the potential of highly penetrated single- and three-phase distributed photovoltaics and voltage-sensitive loads to determine the feasible operating region at different operating points. The cumulative response of Volt-Var controlled distributed photovoltaics and voltage-sensitive loads determines the power flow at the bulk power system-active distribution network interconnection, ensuring feasibility with respect to voltage magnitude and unbalance constraints. Further, the correspondence of feasible operating region with the tap-settings of substation transformer enables a novel feature to traverse throughout the available operating region and facilitate bulk power system-active distribution network power coordination. Additionally, a nodal sensitivity-based adjustable Volt-Var control scheme is proposed for distributed photovoltaics, improving the feasible operating region. The proposed strategy is validated on bulk power system-active distribution network integrated test system. Bulk power system: IEEE-9 bus system – Active distribution network: (highly unbalanced IEEE-13 bus distribution system (medium voltage) + modified CIGRE low voltage system). © 1986-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Power distribution networks

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Effect of Signal Conditioning and Evoked-Potential Based Representation on Stability and Distinctiveness of EEG Brain Signatures 12

Effect of Signal Conditioning and Evoked-Potential Based Rep...

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12th International Symposium on Digital Forensics and Security, ISDFS 2024

作者： Oztemel, Muhammed Esad Soysal, Omer Muhammet Louisiana State University Division of Electrical and Computer Engineering United States Southeastern Louisiana University Computer Science United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798350330366

Biometric patterns have been used for authentication purposes for more than decades. Although traditional biometric measurements including fingerprints, facial recognition, and sound recognition are often used for authentication purposes, there is ongoing concern about the risks associated with their repeatability and susceptibility to theft. The utilization of electroencephalography (EEG) has promising potential thanks to the distinctive patterns extracted from brain signals. The main goal of this study is to explore the effectiveness of signal conditioning and evoked potentials on uniqueness and permanence of individuals' EEG signals for authentication purpose. We utilized the Laplacian of Gaussian as a signal conditioning operator. In addition, three signifying functions were explored in obtaining evoked potential time-domain representation from an individual EEG signal. Different stimuli protocols were employed for comparison. A time-series and a statistical technique were utilized for uniqueness and permanence analysis. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Authentication

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ProTEA: Programmable Transformer Encoder Acceleration on FPGA

ProTEA: Programmable Transformer Encoder Acceleration on FPG...

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2024 Workshops of the International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis, SC Workshops 2024

作者： Kabir, Ehsan Bakos, Jason D. Andrews, David Huang, Miaoqing University of Arkansas Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Fayetteville United States University of South Carolina Department of Computer Science and Engineering United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798350355543

Transformer neural networks (TNN) have been widely utilized on a diverse range of applications, including natural language processing (NLP), machine translation, and computer vision (CV). Their widespread adoption has been primarily driven by the exceptional performance of their multi-head self-attention block used to extract key features from sequential data. The multi-head self-attention block is followed by feedforward neural networks, which play a crucial role in introducing non-linearity to assist the model in learning complex patterns. Despite the popularity of TNNs, there has been limited numbers of hardware accelerators targeting these two critical blocks. Most prior works have concentrated on sparse architectures that are not flexible for popular TNN variants. This paper introduces ProTEA, a runtime programmable accelerator tailored for the dense computations of most of state-of-the-art transformer encoders. ProTEA is designed to reduce latency by maximizing parallelism. We introduce an efficient tiling of large matrices that can distribute memory and computing resources across different hardware components within the FPGA. We provide run time evaluations of ProTEA on a Xilinx Alveo U55C high-performance data center accelerator card. Experimental results demonstrate that ProTEA can host a wide range of popular transformer networks and achieve near optimal performance with a tile size of 64 in the multi-head self-attention block and 6 in the feedforward networks block when configured with 8 parallel attention heads, 12 layers, and an embedding dimension of 768 on the U55C. Comparative results are provided showing ProTEA is 2.5× faster than an NVIDIA Titan XP GPU. Results also show that it achieves 1.3 - 2.8× speed up compared with current state-of-the-art custom designed FPGA accelerators. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Attention Encoder FPGA Hardware Accelerators High-Level Synthesis Natural Language Processing Neural Networks Transformer

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DGeC: Dynamically and Globally Enhanced Convolution

IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence

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IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence 2025年第4期6卷 921-933页

作者： Zhang, Zihang Liu, Yuling Zhou, Zhili Yang, Gaobo Liao, Xin Wu, Q. M. Jonathan Hunan University College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering Changsha410082 China Guangzhou University Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Blockchain Guangzhou510006 China University of Windsor Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering WindsorON250101 Canada

We explore the reasons for the poorer feature extraction ability of vanilla convolution and discover that there mainly exist three key factors that restrict its representation capability, i.e., regular sampling, static aggregation, and limited receptive field. With the cost of extra parameters and computations, existing approaches merely alleviate part of the limitations. It drives us to seek a more lightweight operator to further improve the extracted image features. Through a closer examination of the convolution process, we discover that it is composed of two distinct interactions: spatial-wise interaction and channel-wise interaction. Based on this discovery, we decouple the convolutional blocks into these two interactions which not only reduces the parameters and computations but also enables a richer ensemble of interactions. Then, we propose the dynamically and globally enhanced convolution (DGeC), which includes several components as follows: a dynamic area perceptor block (DAP) that dynamically samples spatial cues, an adaptive global context block (AGC) that introduces the location-aware global image information, and a channel attention perceptor block (CAP) that merges different channel-wise features. The experiments on ImageNet for image classification and on COCO-2017 for object detection validate the effectiveness of DGeC. As a result, our proposed method consistently improves the performance with fewer parameters and computations. In particular, DGeC achieves a 3.1% improvement in top-1 accuracy on ImageNet dataset compared to ResNet50. Moreover, with Faster RCNN and RetinaNet, our DGeC-ResNet50 also consistently outperforms ResNet and ResNeXt. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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Understanding Consumer Perceptions of Green Software: A Study in the Online Social Media Marketing Context

Understanding Consumer Perceptions of Green Software: A Stud...

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2023 International Conference on Industry sciences and computer science Innovation, iSCSi 2023

作者： Irtisamul, Shadat Hassan, Marzan Binte Sadia, Farzana Hasan, Mahady Rokonuzzaman, Mohammad Department of Computer Science and Engineering Independent University Bangladesh Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science North South University Dhaka Bangladesh

This study explores the influence of social media marketing on consumers' decisions to purchase green software and identifies key factors affecting those decisions. The findings contribute to effective marketing strategies for promoting environmentally friendly technologies and increasing the adoption of green software. Social media marketing is highlighted as a crucial platform for communication and collaboration, shaping consumers' subjective norms and influencing decision-making. By utilizing persuasive techniques and emphasizing eco-friendly choices, social media marketing can significantly impact consumers' behavior, attitudes, and decision-making processes, promoting sustainable practices and increasing the adoption of eco-friendly software. © 2024 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V.

关键词： Consumer behavior

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A novel deep dual self-attention and Bi-LSTM fusion framework for Parkinson’s disease prediction using freezing of gait: a biometric application

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2024年第33期83卷 80179-80200页

作者： Habib, Zeeshan Mughal, Muhammad Ali Khan, Muhammad Attique Hamza, Ameer Alturki, Nazik Jamel, Leila Department of Electrical Engineering HITEC University Taxila Pakistan Department of Computer Science HITEC University Taxila Pakistan Department of Computer Science and Mathematics Lebanese American University Beirut Lebanon Department of Information Systems College of Computer and Information Sciences Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Riyadh Saudi Arabia

Parkinson’s disease (PD) disorder is caused by the imbalance of inhibitory dopamine and excitatory acetylcholine neurotransmitters, which causes hindrance in locomotion. Freezing of gait (FOG), tremors, and bradykinesia are the most debilitating and disconcerting symptoms of Parkinson’s Disease (PD). FOG episodes occur due to neurological control disorder and motorized impairments, which sternly hinder voluntary movement and forward locomotion. The computational intelligence techniques can effectively predict PD from the sensor data. To detect the FOG episodes often experienced by PD patients, this paper utilizes a 5G spectrum that operates at 4.8 GHz. The main idea of the proposed system is to extract the wireless channel characteristics information (containing amplitude variances) that can be integrated into a 5G communication system. This system collects data through wireless devices such as dipole antennas, network interface cards, and RF signal generators. Five human activities were performed: fast walking, slow walking, sitting on a chair, FOG episodes, and voluntary stopping. We proposed a novel deep dual self-attention and Bi-LSTM fusion architecture for PD prediction to train the collected dataset. Two architectures have been proposed, namely Deep Dual Attention Neural Network (D2ANN) and BiLSTM Neural Network (BNN), for the classification of PD using Chanel State Information (CSI) data. After that, the most prominent information is extracted using self-attention activation. A newly informed weighted fusion approach is proposed, and tree growth optimization is employed for the best feature selection. Finally, the selected features are classified using a multilayer full SoftMax neural network. The experimental process was conducted on FOG wireless sensor network data and obtained the highest accuracy of 98.66%. Compared to the results with state-of-the-art techniques, the proposed framework shows improved accuracy, recall, and precision rates. © The Author(s

关键词： Network architecture

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Forecasting Bitcoin Prices Using Deep Learning for Consumer-Centric Industrial Applications

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IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics 2024年第1期70卷 1351-1358页

作者： Roy, Pradeep Kumar Kumar, Abhinav Singh, Ashish Sangaiah, Arun Kumar Indian Institute of Information Technology Surat Department of Computer Science and Engineering Surat394190 India Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad Department of Computer Science and Engineering Prayagraj211004 India KIIT Deemed to Be University School of Computer Engineering Bhubaneswar751024 India National Yunlin University of Science and Technology International Graduate Institute of AI Douliou64002 Taiwan Lebanese American University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Byblos1102-2801 Lebanon

As cryptocurrencies become more popular as investment vehicles, bitcoin draws interest from businesses, consumers, and computer scientists all across the world. Bitcoin is a computer file stored in digital wallet applications where each transaction is secured using strong cryptographic algorithms. It was challenging to forecast the future price of bitcoin due to its nonlinearity and extreme volatility. Several recent classic parametric models have been found with limited accuracy. To address the limitations and fill the existing research gaps, there is a need for a good prediction model which will provide the desired accuracy in the case of uncertainty and dynamism. This research suggested a deep learning-based framework for predicting and forecasting Bitcoin price. The research will be helpful for worldwide consumers and industries to take their decision on whether to invest or not. The research utilizes Yahoo! finance dataset for the period of 01-03-2016 to 26-02-2021 having 1828 samples. The experimental outcomes of the proposed Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model outperformed similar deep learning models by securing minimum loss and confirming that it can be used for future price prediction of the cryptocurrencies, which is helpful for the buyer to take their decision. © 1975-2011 IEEE.

关键词： Hidden Markov models

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Reinforcement Learning Enhanced Controller Synthesis for Autonomous Vehicles

IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles

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IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles 2023年 1-12页

作者： Dong, Yanqi Dong, Wei Yang, Dong Tang, Ying Xu, Rongjia College of Computer Science National University of Defense Technology Changsha China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rowan University Glassboro NJ USA

Developing control programs for autonomous vehicles is a challenging task, mainly due to factors such as complex and dynamic environments, intricacy of tasks, and uncertain sensor information. To tackle the challenge, this paper harnesses the potential of formal methods and deep reinforcement learning (DRL) for a more comprehensive solution that integrates Generalized Reactivity(1) (GR(1)) synthesis with DRL. The GR(1) synthesis module takes care of high-level task planning, ensuring a vehicle follows a correct-by-construction and verifiable plan for its mission. On the other hand, the DRL model operates as the low-level motion controller, allowing the vehicle to learn from experience and adjust its actions based on real-time sensor feedback. Therefore, the resulting controller for autonomous vehicles is not only guaranteed to finish its designated tasks but also intelligent to handle complex environments. Through comparative experimental studies, we demonstrate that the control program generated by the proposed approach outperforms the ones generated independently utilizing GR(1) reactive synthesis and DRL. IEEE

关键词： Reinforcement learning

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IBAttack: Being Cautious about Data Labels

IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence

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IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence 2023年第6期4卷 1484-1493页

作者： Agarwal, Akshay Singh, Richa Vatsa, Mayank Ratha, Nalini IISER Bhopal Department of Data Science and Engineering Bhopal462066 India IIT Jodhpur Department of Computer Science and Engineering Rajasthan Jodhpur342037 India University at Buffalo Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering BuffaloNY14260 United States

Traditional backdoor attacks insert a trigger patch in the training images and associate the trigger with the targeted class label. Backdoor attacks are one of the rapidly evolving types of attack which can have a significant impact. On the other hand, adversarial perturbations have a significantly different attack mechanism from the traditional backdoor corruptions, where an imperceptible noise is learned to fool the deep learning models. In this research, we amalgamate these two concepts and propose a novel imperceptible backdoor attack, termed as the IBAttack, where the adversarial images are associated with the desired target classes. A significant advantage of the adversarial-based proposed backdoor attack is the imperceptibility as compared to the traditional trigger-based mechanism. The proposed adversarial dynamic attack, in contrast to existing attacks, is agnostic to classifiers and trigger patterns. The extensive evaluation using multiple databases and networks illustrates the effectiveness of the proposed attack. © 2020 IEEE.

关键词： computer vision

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