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2023 IEEE International Conference on Big Data, BigData 2023

作者： Huang, Shanchuan Lei, Hongwei Jin, Liuhan Yang, Jinzhu Jiang, Tao Yao, Yudong Grzegorzek, Marcin Li, Chen Northeastern University Microscopic Image and Medical Image Analysis Group College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering China Northeastern University Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing in Medical Image Ministry of Education Liaoning Shenyang China Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine School of Intelligent Medicine Chengdu China Stevens Institute of Technology Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering United States Institute of Medical Informatics University of Luebeck Luebeck Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9798350324457

Background and purpose: Skin tumours have become one of the most common diseases worldwide. While benign ones are not usually a threat to human health, malignant ones can develop into skin cancer and become life-threatening if left untreated. Early detection of the disease is important for the treatment of patients with skin tumours and dermoscopy is the most effective means of diagnosing skin tumours. However, the complexity of skin tumour cells makes the diagnosis somewhat erroneous for doctors. Therefore, a dermoscopic classification network based on deep learning and computer-aided diagnostic techniques is needed to obtain a high diagnostic accuracy rate for skin tumours. Methods: In this paper, Deep-skin, a model for dermoscopic image classification is proposed, which is based on both attention mechanism and ensemble learning. Considering the characteristics of dermoscopic images, embedding different attention mechanisms on top of Inception-V3 has been suggested to obtain more potential features. We then improve the classification performance by late fusion of the different models. To demonstrate the effectiveness of Deep-skin, experiments and evaluations are performed on the publicly available dataset Skin Cancer: Malignant vs. Benign and compare the performance of Deep-skin with other classification models. Results: The experimental results indicate that Deep-skin performs well on the dataset in comparison to other models, achieving a maximum accuracy of 87.8%.Conclusion: In this paper, the Deep-skin model is proposed for the classification of dermoscopic images and has shown better performance. In the future, we intend to investigate better classification models for automatic diagnosis of skin tumours. Such models can potentially assist physicians and patients in clinical settings. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Attention mechanism Ensemble learning Image classification Late fusion Skin Cancer

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Incentive Design for Eco-driving in Urban Transportation Networks

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Niazi, M.B. Umar Cho, Jung-Hoon Dahleh, Munther A. Dong, Roy Wu, Cathy The Laboratory for Information and Decision Systems Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States The Laboratory for Information and Decision Systems Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States The Department of Industrial and Enterprise Systems Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign UrbanaIL61801 United States

Eco-driving emerges as a cost-effective and efficient strategy to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions in urban transportation networks. Acknowledging the persuasive influence of incentives in shaping driver behavior, this paper presents the ‘eco-planner,’ a digital platform devised to promote ecodriving practices in urban transportation. At the outset of their trips, users provide the platform with their trip details and travel time preferences, enabling the eco-planner to formulate personalized eco-driving recommendations and corresponding incentives, while adhering to its budgetary constraints. Upon trip completion, incentives are transferred to users who comply with the recommendations and effectively reduce their emissions. By comparing our proposed incentive mechanism with a baseline scheme that offers uniform incentives to all users, we demonstrate that our approach achieves superior emission reductions and increased user compliance with a smaller budget. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Urban transportation

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Eco-driving Incentive Mechanisms for Mitigating Emissions in Urban Transportation

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Umar Niazi, M.B. Cho, Jung-Hoon Dahleh, Munther A. Dong, Roy Wu, Cathy Laboratory for Information and Decision Systems Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Division of Decision and Control Systems Digital Futures KTH Royal Institute of Technology StockholmSE-100 44 Sweden Laboratory for Information and Decision Systems Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Department of Industrial and Enterprise Systems Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign UrbanaIL61801 United States

This paper proposes incentive mechanisms that promote eco-driving in transportation networks with the overarching objective of minimizing emissions. The transportation system operator provides the drivers with energy-efficient driving guidance throughout their trips, and their eco-driving levels are measured by how closely they follow this guidance via vehicle telematics. Drivers choose their eco-driving levels to optimize a combination of their travel times and their emissions. To obtain optimal budget allocation and recommendations for the incentive mechanism, the system operator gathers drivers’ preferences, or types, to assess each driver’s trip urgency and natural willingness to eco-drive. In a setting where drivers truthfully report their types, we introduce the first-best incentive mechanism and show that the obedience condition holds (i.e., drivers find it optimal to comply with the system operator’s recommendations) when the recommended eco-driving profile constitutes a Nash equilibrium. Moreover, in a setting where drivers can strategically report their types, we introduce the second-best incentive mechanism and show that the proposed mechanism is incentive-compatible (i.e., drivers find it optimal to be truthful). Under this mechanism, we also show that all equilibrium outcomes are at least as good as the recommended eco-driving profile in terms of the system operator’s objective. Overall, this work offers a framework for designing eco-driving incentive mechanisms while considering both the strategic behavior of individual drivers and the network effects of collective decision-making. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Budget control

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Binary Bleed: Fast Distributed and Parallel Method for Automatic Model Selection

Binary Bleed: Fast Distributed and Parallel Method for Autom...

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IEEE Conference on High Performance Extreme computing (HPEC)

作者： Ryan Barron Maksim E. Eren Manish Bhattarai Ismael Boureima Cynthia Matuszek Boian S. Alexandrov Theoretical Division Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos USA Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering University of Maryland Baltimore County Maryland USA Advanced Research in Cyber Systems Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos USA

ISBN: (数字)9798350387131

ISBN: (纸本)9798350387148

In several Machine Learning (ML) clustering and dimensionality reduction approaches, such as nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF), RESCAL, and K-Means clustering, users must select a hyper-parameter $k$ to define the number of clusters or components that yield an ideal separation of samples or clean clusters. This selection, while difficult, is crucial to avoid overfitting or underfitting the data. Several ML applications use scoring methods (e.g., Silhouette and Davies Boulding scores) to evaluate the cluster pattern stability for a specific $k$ . The score is calculated for different trials over a range of $k$ , and the ideal $k$ is heuristically selected as the value before the model starts overfitting, indicated by a drop or increase in the score resembling an elbow curve plot. While the grid-search method can be used to accurately find a good $k$ value, visiting a range of $k$ can become time-consuming and computationally resource-intensive. In this paper, we introduce the Binary Bleed method based on binary search, which significantly reduces the $k$ search space for these grid-search ML algorithms by truncating the target $k$ values from the search space using a heuristic with thresholding over the scores. Binary Bleed is designed to work with single-node serial, single-node multi-processing, and distributed computing resources. In our experiments, we demonstrate the reduced search space gain over a naive sequential search of the ideal $k$ and the accuracy of the Binary Bleed in identifying the correct $k$ for NMFk, K-Means pyDNMFk, and pyDRESCALk with Silhouette and Davies Boulding scores. We make our implementation of Binary Bleed for the NMF algorithm available on GitHub.

关键词： Instruction sets Computational modeling Heuristic algorithms Power system stability Stability analysis Elbow Distributed computing Optimization Overfitting Software development management

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Thick Film Interdigitated Electrode Graphite and Carbon Nanotube on Flexible Substrate for Hydrogen Gas Detection

Thick Film Interdigitated Electrode Graphite and Carbon Nano...

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2023 IEEE International Conference on Sensors and Nanotechnology, SENNANO 2023

作者： Abu Bakar, Azlinda Nizar Hamidon, Mohd Yaacob, Mohd Hanif Paiman, Suriati Jaafar, Haslina Wan Jusoh, Wan Nursheila Universiti Putra Malaysia Funtional Device Laboratory Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Selangor Serdang Malaysia Universiti Putra Malaysia Faculty of Engineering Department of Computer and Communication Systems Selangor Serdang Malaysia Universiti Putra Malaysia Faculty of Science Department of Physics Selangor Serdang Malaysia Universiti Putra Malaysia Faculty of Engineering Department of Electrical and Electronic Selangor Serdang Malaysia Universiti Kuala Lumpur Section of Aerospace Malaysians Institute of Aviation Technology Selangor Dengkil Malaysia

ISBN: (纸本)9798350333312

The comparison on the performance of interdigitated electrode (IDE) graphite and carbon nanotube (CNT) using titanium dioxide-multiwall carbon nanotube (TiO2-MWCNT) composite as sensing materials to detect hydrogen gas is presented in this research work. Screen printing technique has been selected to deposited IDE graphite and CNT conductive pastes as the electrode thick film on a flexible substrate, which is continued by firing at 120°C each. TiO2-MWCNT paste was printed as a sensing layer on top of IDE, followed by firing at 350°C. FESEM was used to characterize the morphological analysis of the IDE film. The operating temperature was varied at 27°C, 50°C and 100°C and concentration varied from 100-1000 ppm for gas hydrogen. The gas sensor demonstrated as n-type gas characteristics where the response of the gas sensor produced increased current from the results. The results purpose when the sensor was exposed to hydrogen gas. Therefore, the ability of IDE graphite and CNT as an electrode to harvest the electron from sensing materials were successfully proven. The IDE CNT showed better response compare to IDE graphite, but both electrodes were able to sense 100 - 1000 ppm at the operating temperature of 27°C, 50°C and 100°C. The optimal of operating temperature for IDE graphite is 50°C and IDE CNT is at room temperature for the hydrogen gas detections in this research work. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Thick films

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Entrywise Inference for Missing Panel Data: A Simple and Instance-Optimal Approach

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Yan, Yuling Wainwright, Martin J. Institute for Data Systems and Society Massachusetts Institute of Technology United States Laboratory for Information and Decision Systems Massachusetts Institute of Technology United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences Massachusetts Institute of Technology United States Department of Mathematics Massachusetts Institute of Technology United States

Longitudinal or panel data can be represented as a matrix with rows indexed by units and columns indexed by time. We consider inferential questions associated with the missing data version of panel data induced by staggered adoption. We propose a computationally efficient procedure for estimation, involving only simple matrix algebra and singular value decomposition, and prove non-asymptotic and high-probability bounds on its error in estimating each missing entry. By controlling proximity to a suitably scaled Gaussian variable, we develop and analyze a data-driven procedure for constructing entrywise confidence intervals with pre-specified coverage. Despite its simplicity, our procedure turns out to be instance-optimal: we prove that the width of our confidence intervals match a non-asymptotic instance-wise lower bound derived via a Bayesian Cramér-Rao argument. We illustrate the sharpness of our theoretical characterization on a variety of numerical examples. Our analysis is based on a general inferential toolbox for SVD-based algorithm applied to the matrix denoising model, which might be of independent interest. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Singular value decomposition

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Analytical Model of Nonlinear Fiber Propagation for General Dual-Polarization Four-Dimensional Modulation Formats

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2023年

作者： Liang, Zhiwei Chen, Bin Lei, Yi Liga, Gabriele Alvarado, Alex School of Computer Science and Information Engineering Hefei University of Technology Hefei China Intelligent Interconnected Systems Laboratory of Anhui Province China Department of Electrical Engineering Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven Netherlands

Coherent dual-polarization (DP) optical transmission systems encode information on the four available degrees of freedom of an optical field: the two polarization states, each with two quadrature components. Such systems naturally operate based on a four-dimensional (4D) signal space. Having a general analytical model to accurately estimate nonlinear interference (NLI) is key to analyze such transmission systems as well as to study how different DP-4D formats are affected by NLI. However, the available models in the literature are not completely general. They either do not apply to the entire DP-4D formats or do not consider all the NLI contributions. In this paper, we develop a model that applies to all DP-4D modulation formats with independent symbols. Our model takes self-channel interference, cross-channel interference and multiple-channel interference effects into account. As an application of our model, we further study the effects of signal-noise interactions in long-haul transmission via the proposed model. When compared to previous results in the literature, our model is more accurate at predicting the contribution of NLI for both low and high dispersion fibers in single- and multi-channel transmission systems. For the NLI, we report an average gap from split step Fourier simulation results below 0.15 dB. The simulation results further show that by considering signal-noise interactions, the proposed model in long-haul transmission can reduce the transmission reach prediction error by 4%. © 2023, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Optical fiber communication

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Large-Scale Radiomics Analysis for Prostate Cancer Detection Harnessing Machine and Deep Learning Models

Large-Scale Radiomics Analysis for Prostate Cancer Detection...

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IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging

作者： Eugenia Mylona Dimitrios I. Zaridis Charalampos N. Kalantzopoulos Vasileios C. Pezoulas Nikolaos S. Tachos George K. Matsopoulos Daniele Regge Nikolaos Papanikolaou Manolis Tsiknakis Kostas Marias Dimitrios I. Fotiadis Biomedical Research Institute FORTH Ioannina Greece Unit of Medical Technology Intelligent Information Systems University of Ioannina Greece Biomedical Engineering Laboratory School of Electrical & Computer Engineering National Technical University of Athens Greece Institute of Computer Science FORTH Heraklion Greece Department of Radiology Candiolo Cancer Institute FPO-IRCCS Strada Provinciale Candiolo Italy Computational Clinical Imaging Group Champalimaud Foundation Portugal Computational Biomedicine Laboratory Institute of Computer Science FORTH Heraklion Greece Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Hellenic Mediterranean University Heraklion Greece

ISBN: (数字)9798331520526

ISBN: (纸本)9798331520533

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common cancer in men, making early detection crucial for effective treatment. This study explores the efficacy of machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) models in detecting PCa lesions using radiomics features derived from multiparametric MRI data. Leveraging a dataset of 7621 retrospective and 2132 prospective cases from 12 clinical centers across Europe, we compared the performance of various ML (LASSO, Random Forest, SVM, XGBoost) and DL models (CNN, MLP, Transformer, CNN&MLP). Radiomic features were extracted and refined through a robust feature selection process. Models' performance was evaluated through nested cross-validation (CV) and externally. The CNN&MLP model achieved the highest ROC AUC (0.86) and PR AUC (0.90) in CV, while LASSO showed consistent generalization in external validation. Our findings indicate that DL models excel in high-dimensional data analysis but face challenges in generalizing to external datasets, highlighting the importance of external validation for clinical applicability.

关键词： Deep learning Support vector machines Analytical models Biological system modeling Feature extraction Transformers Lesions Prostate cancer Radiomics Principal component analysis

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High-Quality, Low-Quantity: A Data-Centric Approach to Deep Learning Performance Optimization in Digital X-Ray Radiography

SSRN

引用

SSRN 2024年

作者： Hena, Bata Wei, Ziang Castanedo, Clemente Ibarra Maldague, Xavier Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Université Laval 1065 Ave de la Médecine Quebec CityQCG1V 0A6 Canada Computer Vision and Systems Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Université Laval 1065 Ave de la Médecine Quebec CityQCG1V 0A6 Canada

The accuracy of identifying defects using specialized deep learning models can be affected by the circumstances in which the training data is curated. This is especially evident in digital X-ray radiography, where the depiction of flaws is significantly impacted by the exposure conditions. This study examines the effect of curating high-quality data on deep learning models. The variation in contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), which is a crucial metric of image quality between features of interest and an adjacent normal background, has been found to be a key factor in model generalization in digital X-ray radiography applications. By making systematic alterations to exposure conditions during data curation, it was possible to obtain several representations of flaws in each test component with varying contrast-to-noise ratios (CNR) in the resultant radiographs. To evaluate the efficacy of the model under various conditions, two distinct datasets were curated. Dataset 1 was obtained by acquiring images with a consistent exposure setting on 140 test samples. The samples contained 4 morphologically distinct classes of flat bottom holes with seven different depths and sizes. The contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) representations of flaws in this dataset can be attributed only to differences in depth in Dataset 1. Additionally, Dataset 2 was curated with an expanded range of CNR values by methodically adjusting exposure settings during image acquisitions. Hence, only 42% of the test pieces from Dataset 1, which had three distinct depths of flat bottom holes, were used. Each of the two datasets was used to separately train YOLOv8 for instance segmentation and U-net for multi-class semantic segmentation. Each model was trained under the same conditions, and their performances were assessed using test sets from both dataset groups. The model trained on Dataset 1 exhibited a notable decline in performance when evaluated on test sets from Dataset 2, suggesting a lack of generalization ab

关键词： Image acquisition

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DG-CNN:Introducing Margin Information into Convolutional Neural Networks for Breast Cancer Diagnosis in Ultrasound Images

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Journal of computer Science & Technology 2022年第2期37卷 277-294页

作者： Xiao-Zheng Xie Jian-Wei Niu Senior Member Xue-Feng Liu Qing-Feng Li Yong Wang Jie Han Shaojie Tang State Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality Technology and Systems School of Computer Science and Engineering Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data and Brain Computing Beihang UniversityHangzhou 310051China Department of Diagnostic Ultrasound National Cancer CenterChinese Academy of Medical SciencesPeking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100021China Naveen Jindal School of Management The University of Texas at DallasRichardsonTX 75080-3021U.S.A.

Although using convolutional neural networks(CNNs)for computer-aided diagnosis(CAD)has made tremendous progress in the last few years,the small medical datasets remain to be the major bottleneck in this *** address this problem,researchers start looking for information out of the medical *** efforts mainly leverage information from natural images via transfer *** recent research work focuses on integrating knowledge from medical practitioners,either letting networks resemble how practitioners are trained,how they view images,or using extra *** this paper,we propose a scheme named Domain Guided-CNN(DG-CNN)to incorporate the margin information,a feature described in the consensus for radiologists to diagnose cancer in breast ultrasound(BUS)*** DG-CNN,attention maps that highlight margin areas of tumors are first generated,and then incorporated via different approaches into the *** have tested the performance of DG-CNN on our own dataset(including 1485 ultrasound images)and on a public *** results show that DG-CNN can be applied to different network structures like VGG and ResNet to improve their *** example,experimental results on our dataset show that with a certain integrating mode,the improvement of using DG-CNN over a baseline network structure ResNet 18 is 2.17%in accuracy,1.69%in sensitivity,2.64%in specificity and 2.57%in AUC(Area Under Curve).To the best of our knowledge,this is the first time that the margin information is utilized to improve the performance of deep neural networks in diagnosing breast cancer in BUS images.

关键词： medical consensus domain knowledge breast cancer diagnosis margin map deep neural network

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