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arXiv 2024年

作者： Kamin, Lars Arqand, Amir George, Ian Lütkenhaus, Norbert Tan, Ernest Y.-Z. Institute for Quantum Computing Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Waterloo WaterlooONN2L 3G1 Canada Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Coordinated Science Laboratory University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign UrbanaIL61801 United States

An important goal in quantum key distribution (QKD) is the task of providing a finite-size security proof without the assumption of collective attacks. For prepare-and-measure QKD, one approach for obtaining such proofs is the generalized entropy accumulation theorem (GEAT), but thus far it has only been applied to study a small selection of protocols. In this work, we present techniques for applying the GEAT in finite-size analysis of generic prepare-and-measure protocols, with a focus on decoy-state protocols. In particular, we present an improved approach for computing entropy bounds for decoy-state protocols, which has the dual benefits of providing tighter bounds than previous approaches (even asymptotically) and being compatible with methods for computing min-tradeoff functions in the GEAT. Furthermore, we develop methods to incorporate some improvements to the finite-size terms in the GEAT, and implement techniques to automatically optimize the min-tradeoff function. Our approach also addresses some numerical stability challenges specific to prepare-and-measure protocols, which were not addressed in previous works. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Quantum cryptography

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Carbon-Aware computing in a Network of Data Centers: A Hierarchical Game-Theoretic Approach

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Breukelman, Enno Hall, Sophie Belgioioso, Giuseppe Dörfler, Florian The KTH Royal Institute of Technology School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Division of Decision and Control Systems Malvinas väg 10 StockholmSE-100 44 Sweden The Automatic Control Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology ETH Zurich Physikstrasse 3 Zürich8092 Switzerland

Over the past decade, the continuous surge in cloud computing demand has intensified data center workloads, leading to significant carbon emissions and driving the need for improving their efficiency and sustainability. This paper focuses on the optimal allocation problem of batch compute loads with temporal and spatial flexibility across a global network of data centers. We propose a bilevel game-theoretic solution approach that captures the inherent hierarchical relationship between supervisory control objectives, such as carbon reduction and peak shaving, and operational objectives, such as priority-aware scheduling. Numerical simulations with real carbon intensity data demonstrate that the proposed approach successfully reduces carbon emissions while simultaneously ensuring operational reliability and priority-aware scheduling. © 2024, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Carbon

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A Material Identification Approach Based on Wi-Fi Signal

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computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第12期69卷 3383-3397页

作者： Chao Li Fan Li Wei Du Lihua Yin Bin Wang Chonghua Wang Tianjie Luo Cyberspace Institute of Advanced Technology Guangzhou UniversityGuangzhou510700China PCL Research Center of Cyberspace Security Peng Cheng LaboratoryShenzhen518052China Department of Computer Science and Computer Engineering University of ArkansasFayetteville72701USA College of Electrical Engineering Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China China Industrial Control Systems Cyber Emergency Response Team Beijing100040China

Material identification is a technology that can help to identify the type of target *** approaches depend on expensive instruments,complicated pre-treatments and professional *** is difficult to find a substantial yet effective material identification method to meet the daily use *** this paper,we introduce a Wi-Fi-signal based material identification approach by measuring the amplitude ratio and phase difference as the key features in the material classifier,which can significantly reduce the cost and guarantee a high level *** practical measurement of WiFi based material identification,these two features are commonly interrupted by the software/hardware noise of the channel state information(CSI).To eliminate the inherent noise of CSI,we design a denoising method based on the antenna array of the commercial off-the-shelf(COTS)Wi-Fi *** that,the amplitude ratios and phase differences can be more stably utilized to classify the *** implement our system and evaluate its ability to identify materials in indoor *** result shows that our system can identify 10 commonly seen liquids with an average accuracy of 98.8%.It can also identify similar liquids with an overall accuracy higher than 95%,such as various concentrations of salt water.

关键词： Internet of Things Wi-Fi signal channel state information material identification noise elimination

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Benchmarking GAN-Based vs Classical Data Augmentation on Biomedical Images 27th

Benchmarking GAN-Based vs Classical Data Augmentation on Bi...

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27th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, ICPR 2024

作者： Mantegna, Massimiliano Tronchin, Lorenzo Tortora, Matteo Soda, Paolo Unit of Computer Systems and Bioinformatics Department of Engineering University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome Rome Italy Department of Naval Electrical Electronics and Telecommunications Engineering University of Genova Via all’Opera Pia 11a Genoa16145 Italy Department of Diagnostics and Intervention Radiation Physics Biomedical Engineering Umeå University Umeå Sweden Department of Computing Science Umeå University Umeå Sweden Messina Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9783031876592

The medical field faces significant data shortages due to the high image acquisition and maintenance costs. Data Augmentation aims to mitigate this by increasing data availability and enhancing image generalization. However, traditional DA methods often produce data with limited quality and diversity. Generative Adversarial Networks present a promising alternative, offering potential solutions to data scarcity issues. This paper evaluates the impact of GAN-based data augmentation in medical imaging and provides a benchmark for the efficacy of synthetic data in downstream classification tasks. To this aim, we performed a wide set of tests using three different GAN architectures on six 2D datasets from the standardized MedMNIST biomedical image collection, conducting a total of 696 experiments. Our results reveal that while GAN-based DA methods show promise with low-dimensional datasets, traditional DA methods still outperform them. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： Mammography

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A transactional-behavior-based hierarchical gated network for credit card fraud detection

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2025年

作者： Xie, Yu Zhou, MengChu Liu, Guanjun Wei, Lifei Zhu, Honghao De Meo, Pasquale College of Information Engineering Shanghai Maritime University Shanghai201306 China School of Information and Electronic Engineering Zhejiang Gongshang University Hangzhou310018 China Helen and John C. Hartmann Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering New Jersey Institute of Technology NewarkNJ07102 United States Key Laboratory of Embedded System and Service Computing Ministry of Education Department of Computer Science Tongji University Shanghai201804 China College of Computer Science and Information Engineering Bengbu University Bengbu233030 China Department of Ancient and Modern Civilizations University of Messina Messina98166 Italy

The task of detecting fraud in credit card transactions is crucial to ensure the security and stability of a financial system, as well as to enforce customer confidence in digital payment systems. Historically, credit card companies have used rule-based approaches to detect fraudulent transactions, but these have proven inadequate due to the complexity of fraud strategies and have been replaced by much more powerful solutions based on machine learning or deep learning algorithms. Despite significant progress, the current approaches to fraud detection suffer from a number of limitations: for example, it is unclear whether some transaction features are more effective than others in discriminating fraudulent transactions, and they often neglect possible correlations among transactions, even though they could reveal illicit behaviour. In this paper, we propose a novel credit card fraud detection (CCFD) method based on a transaction behaviour-based hierarchical gated network. First, we introduce a feature-oriented extraction module capable of identifying key features from original transactions, and such analysis is effective in revealing the behavioural characteristics of fraudsters. Second, we design a transaction-oriented extraction module capable of capturing the correlation between users' historical and current transactional behaviour. Such information is crucial for revealing users' sequential behaviour patterns. Our approach, called transactional-behaviour-based hierarchical gated network model (TbHGN), extracts two types of new transactional features, which are then combined in a feature interaction module to learn the final transactional representations used for CCFD. We have conducted extensive experiments on a real-world credit card transaction dataset with an increase in average F1 between 1.42% and 6.53% and an improvement in average AUC between 0.63% and 2.78% over the state of the art. © 2025 Institute of electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. All right

关键词： Deep learning

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Addressing Non-stationarity with Stochastic Trend in the Context of Limited Time Series Data: An Experimental Survey

Research Square

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Research Square 2025年

作者： Batoure Bamana, Apollinaire Sokdou Bila Lamou, Yannick Fotsa-Mbogne, David Jaures Shafiee Kamalabad, Mahdi Department of Computer Engineering University Institute of Technology The University of Ngaoundere Cameroon Department of Robotic and Industrial Computing School of Chemical Engineering and Mineral Industries The University of Ngaoundere Cameroon Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Faculty of Science The University of Ngaoundere Cameroon Laboratory of Mathematics Computer Science and Applications Department of Mathematics and Computer Science National Higher School of Agro-Industrial Sciences The University of Ngaoundéré Cameroon Laboratory of Mathematics and Computer Science Department of Mathematics Statistics and Computer Science Faculty of Science The University of Bertoua Cameroon Department of Methodology and Statistics Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences Utrecht University Utrecht Netherlands Centre for Complex Systems Studies Utrecht University Utrecht Netherlands

Stationarity in time series is a key property for practical data analysis, inferences, and predictions particularly in biosciences. Stationarity can be either deterministic or stochastic. If a time series data is not stationary, it can be rendered stationary through detrending or differentiation techniques. Differentiation can be performed in either an integer or fractional form. This paper investigates non-stationarity in time series data, focusing specifically on stochastic trends characterised by a unit root. It hypothesises that fractional differentiation can enhance forecast accuracy for datasets with limited volume. For experiments, 24 series corresponding to weekly Malaria and Typhoid Fever from Adamawa Region (Cameroon) are analysed and forecasted. Each series comprises 156 observations covering January 2021 to December 2023. After collecting, checking and classifying the data, four forecasting models, Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA), Fractional ARIMA (ARFIMA), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), and the proposed Fractional Differencing and LSTM (FD-LSTM), are implemented. The models' performances are evaluated using Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), and Coefficient of determination (R2) metrics, which inform further analysis and recommendations. Results reveal that ARFIMA outperformed the ARIMA by 93% in training and 100% in testing. Similarly, FD-LSTM achieved a 100% improvement over LSTM in training and testing. These findings underscore the value of achieving stationarity through fractional differentiation, enhancing model performance and providing a robust framework for forecasting in datasets with limited observations. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Time series

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Towards a Theoretical Framework of Autonomous systems Underpinned by Intelligence and systems Sciences

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2021年第1期8卷 52-63页

作者： Yingxu Wang Ming Hou Konstantinos NPlataniotis Sam Kwong Henry Leung Edward Tunstel Imre JRudas Ljiljana Trajkovic International Institute of Cognitive Informatics and Cognitive Computing Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringSchulich School of Engineering and Hotchkiss Brain InstituteUniversity of CalgaryCalgary T2N 1N4Canada Toronto Research Centre Defence Research&Development CanadaToronto M3K 2C9Canada Department of Electrical&Computer Engineering University of TorontoToronto M5S3G4Canada Department of Computer Science City University of Hong KongHong KongChina Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Schulich School of EngineeringUniversity of CalgaryCalgary T2N 1N4Canada Autonomous&Intelligent Systems Department United Technologies Research CenterCT 06108 USA University Research&Innovation Center(EKIK) Óbuda UniversityBudapest H-1034Hungary School of Engineering Science Simon Fraser UniversityBurnaby V5A 1S6Canada

Autonomous systems are an emerging AI technology functioning without human intervention underpinned by the latest advances in intelligence,cognition,computer,and systems *** paper explores the intelligent and mathematical foundations of autonomous *** focuses on structural and behavioral properties that constitute the intelligent power of autonomous *** explains how system intelligence aggregates from reflexive,imperative,adaptive intelligence to autonomous and cognitive intelligence.A hierarchical intelligence model(HIM)is introduced to elaborate the evolution of human and system intelligence as an inductive *** properties of system autonomy are formally analyzed towards a wide range of applications in computational intelligence and systems *** paradigms of autonomous systems including brain-inspired systems,cognitive robots,and autonomous knowledge learning systems are *** in autonomous systems will pave a way towards highly intelligent machines for augmenting human capabilities.

关键词： Autonomous systems(AS) cognitive systems computational intelligence engineering paradigms intelligence science intelligent mathematics

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Estimating infinitesimal generators of stochastic systems with formal error bounds: A data-driven approach 24

Estimating infinitesimal generators of stochastic systems wi...

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24th ACM International Conference on Hybrid systems Computation and Control, HSCC 2021, held as part of the 14th Cyber Physical systems and Internet-of-Things Week, CPS-IoT Week 2021

作者： Lavaei, Abolfazl Nejati, Ameneh Soudjani, Sadegh Zamani, Majid Institute for Dynamic Systems and Control Eth Zurich Switzerland Department of Electrical Engineering Technical University of Munich Germany School of Computing Newcastle University United Kingdom Department of Computer Science University of Colorado Boulder United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781450383394

In this work, we propose a data-driven technique for a formal estimation of infinitesimal generators of continuous-time stochastic systems with unknown dynamics. In the proposed framework, we first approximate the infinitesimal generator of the solution process via a set of data collected from solution processes of unknown systems. We then put some proper assumptions on dynamics of systems and quantify the closeness between the infinitesimal generator and its approximation while providing a priori guaranteed confidence bound. We show that both the time discretization and the number of data play significant roles in providing a reasonable closeness precision. Motivations and Related Works. Infinitesimal generator of a stochastic process (i.e., a partial differential operator that encodes a great deal of information about the process) plays a principal role in many analysis frameworks including: (i) stability analysis of continuous-time stochastic systems via Lyapunov functions [1], (ii) establishing similarity relations between two continuous-time stochastic systems via stochastic simulation functions [2], (iii) constructing finite abstractions of continuous-time stochastic control systems [3], and (iv) safety analysis of continuous-time stochastic systems via barrier certificates [4], to name a few. In the relevant literature, only [5] studies the estimation of infinitesimal generators, whose approach is based on the assumption of knowing the precise model and discretizing both time and state. To the best of our knowledge, our work is the first to propose a method for estimating the infinitesimal generator of stochastic systems with unknown dynamics while providing formal guarantees. The complete version of this work can be found in [6]. © 2021 Owner/Author.

关键词： Stochastic systems

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An Enhanced Framework for 5G Network Slicing Optimization With Prioritized Resource Allocation Using 2-Edge-Connected Subgraphs

An Enhanced Framework for 5G Network Slicing Optimization Wi...

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International Colloquium on Smart Grid Metrology (SmaGriMet)

作者： Igor Begić Drago Bago Adrian Satja Kurdija Department of Telecommunications JP Elektroprivreda HZ HB d.d. Mostar Mostar Bosnia and Herzegovina Management Board JP Elektroprivreda HZ HB d.d. Mostar Mostar Bosnia and Herzegovina Department of Electronics Microelectronics Computer and Intelligent Systems Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing Zagreb Croatia

ISBN: (数字)9798350357028

ISBN: (纸本)9798350357035

Emerging 5G network slicing technologies require robust optimization frameworks to ensure efficient resource allocation and path protection. This paper presents an improved slicing optimization model that enhances resource distribution while maintaining computational efficiency. The model builds upon our previously developed framework, which utilizes 2-edge-connected subgraphs for path protection. The proposed enhancement introduces prioritized resource allocation by integrating a weighting factor that optimally balances slice importance and resource distribution, without increasing algorithmic complexity. The model is evaluated against our previous 2-edge-connected subgraph framework. Simulation results demonstrate that the improved model achieves better resource efficiency and fairness, while maintaining network resilience and ensuring optimal performance in dynamic network environments. The proposed framework provides valuable insights for network operators in optimizing 5G slicing strategies under constrained resource conditions.

关键词： 5G mobile communication Network slicing Heuristic algorithms Optimization models Computational modeling Dynamic scheduling Computational efficiency Resource management Protection Optimization

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MIM and MIIM-Based Optical Rectennas for Infrared Energy Harvesting at 10.6 μm

MIM and MIIM-Based Optical Rectennas for Infrared Energy Har...

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Mediterrannean Microwave Symposium (MMS)

作者： Ali Yahyaoui Ahmad Elsharabasy Jawad Yousaf Hatem Rmili Taoufik Aguili University of Tunis El Manar (UTM) National Engineering School of Tunis (ENIT) Communications Systems Laboratory (SysCom) Tunis Tunisia Electrical and Computer Engineering Department McMaster University Hamilton ON Canada Department of Electrical Computer and Biomedical Engineering Abu Dhabi University United Arab Emirates Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia K. A. CARE Energy Research and Innovation Center King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia

This work presents a comparative study between metal-insulator-metal (MIM) and metal-insulator-insulator-metal (MIIM) based optical log spiral rectennas for infrared IR energy harvesting at 10.6 μm. We have considered the spiral antenna terminals as the electrodes of the rectifying diode and we have integrated the insulators between the two arms (electrodes) to enhance the harvested energy with the proposed nano-antennas. The study presents a comparison between the performance (E-field, I/V, responsivity, and resistivity) of the two proposed rectennas.

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