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arXiv 2024年

作者： Fernando, Duneesha Rodriguez, Maria A. Arroba, Patricia Ismail, Leila Buyya, Rajkumar Laboratory School of Computing and Information Systems The University of Melbourne Parkville Australia The CCS Center for Computational Simulation Universidad Politécnica de Madrid Madrid Spain Lab Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering United Arab Emirates University United Arab Emirates

Microservice architectures are increasingly used to modularize IoT applications and deploy them in distributed and heterogeneous edge computing environments. Over time, these microservice-based IoT applications are susceptible to performance anomalies caused by resource hogging (e.g., CPU or memory), resource contention, etc., which can negatively impact their Quality of Service and violate their Service Level Agreements. Existing research on performance anomaly detection for edge computing environments focuses on model training approaches that either achieve high accuracy at the expense of a time-consuming and resource-intensive training process or prioritize training efficiency at the cost of lower accuracy. To address this gap, while considering the resource constraints and the large number of devices in modern edge platforms, we propose two clustering-based model training approaches: (1) intra-cluster parameter transfer learning-based model training (ICPTL) and (2) cluster-level model training (CM). These approaches aim to find a trade-off between the training efficiency of anomaly detection models and their accuracy. We compared the models trained under ICPTL and CM to models trained for specific devices (most accurate, least efficient) and a single general model trained for all devices (least accurate, most efficient). Our findings show that ICPTL's model accuracy is comparable to that of the model per device approach while requiring only 40% of the training time. In addition, CM further improves training efficiency by requiring 23% less training time and reducing the number of trained models by approximately 66% compared to ICPTL, yet achieving a higher accuracy than a single general model. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Deep learning

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Metamaterial-induced-transparency engineering through quasi-bound states in the continuum by using dielectric cross-shaped trimers

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Ghahremani, Maryam Zapata-Rodríguez, Carlos J. Photonics Research Laboratory Center of Excellence on Applied Electromagnetic Systems School of Electrical and Computer Engineering College of Engineering University of Tehran Tehran Iran Department of Optics and Optometry and Vision Sciences Faculty of Physics University of Valencia Dr. Moliner 50 Burjassot46100 Spain

This study presents a novel approach to activate a narrowband transparency line within a reflecting broadband window in all-dielectric metasurfaces, in analogy to the electromagnetically-induced transparency effect, by means of a quasi-bound state in the continuum (qBIC). We demonstrate that the resonance overlapping of a bright mode and a qBIC-based nearly-dark mode with distinct Q-factor can be fully governed by a silicon trimer-based unit cell with broken-inversion-symmetry cross shape, thus providing the required response under normal incidence of a linearly-polarized light. Our analysis that is derived from the far-field multipolar decomposition and near-field electromagnetic distributions uncovers the main contributions of different multipoles on the qBIC resonance, with governing magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole terms supplied by distinct parts of the dielectric "molecule." The findings extracted from this research open up new avenues for the development of polarization-dependent technologies, with particular interest in its capabilities for sensing and biosensing. © 2024, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Transparency

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CoChain: High Concurrency Blockchain Sharding via Consensus on Consensus

CoChain: High Concurrency Blockchain Sharding via Consensus ...

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IEEE Annual Joint Conference: INFOCOM, IEEE computer and Communications Societies

作者： Mingzhe Li You Lin Jin Zhang Wei Wang Computer Science and Engineering Department Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain-Inspired Intelligent Computation Research Institute of Trustworthy Autonomous Systems Southern University of Science and Technology Computer Science and Engineering Department Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Technology and Research Institute of High Performance Computing and Agency for Science Singapore

Sharding is an effective technique to improve the scalability of blockchain. It splits nodes into multiple groups so that they can process transactions in parallel. To achieve higher parallelism and concurrency at large scales, it is desirable to maintain a large number of small shards. However, simply configuring small shards easily results in a higher fraction of malicious nodes inside shards, causing shard corruption and compromising system security. Existing sharding techniques hence demand large shards, at the expense of limited concurrency. To address this limitation, we propose CoChain: a blockchain sharding system that can securely configure small shards for enhanced concurrency. CoChain allows some shards to be corrupted. For security, each shard is monitored by multiple other shards. The latter reach a cross-shard Consensus on the Consensus results of their monitored shard. Once a corrupted shard is found, its subsequent consensus will be taken over by another shard, hence recovering the system. Via Consensus on Consensus, CoChain allows the existence of shards with more fraction of malicious nodes (<2/3) while securing the system, thus reducing the shard size safely. We implement CoChain based on Harmony and conduct extensive experiments. Compared with Harmony, CoChain achieves 35x throughput gain with 6,000+ nodes.

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Ensuring Transient Stability with Guaranteed Region of Attraction in DC Microgrids

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Liu, Jianzhe Zhang, Yichen Conejo, Antonio J. Qiu, Feng The Energy Systems Division Argonne National Laboratory LemontIL60439 United States The Department of Integrated Systems Engineering The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The Ohio State University ColumbusOH United States

DC microgrids have promising applications in renewable integration due to their better energy efficiency when connecting DC components. However, they might be unstable since many loads in a DC microgrid are regulated as constant power loads (CPLs) that have a destabilizing negative impedance effect. As a result, the state trajectory displacement caused by abrupt load changes or contingencies can easily lead to instability. Many existing works have been devoted to studying the region of attraction (ROA) of a DC microgrid, in which the system is guaranteed to be asymptotically stable. Nevertheless, existing work either focuses on using numerical methods for ROA approximations that generally have no performance guarantees or cannot ensure a desired ROA for a general DC microgrid. To close this gap, this paper develops an innovative control synthesis algorithm to make a general DC microgrid have a theoretically guaranteed ROA, for example, to cover the entirety of its operating range regarding state trajectories. We first study the nonlinear dynamics of a DC microgrid to derive a novel transient stability condition to rigorously certify whether a given operating range is a subset of the ROA;then, we formulate a control synthesis optimization problem to guarantee the condition's satisfaction. This condition is a linear constraint, and the optimization problem resembles an optimal power flow problem and has a good computational behavior. Simulation case studies verify the validity of the proposed work. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Stability

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Trajectory Design for 3D UAV Localization in UAV Based Networks

Trajectory Design for 3D UAV Localization in UAV Based Netwo...

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IEEE Conference on Global Communications (GLOBECOM)

作者： Yujiao Zhu Mingzhe Chen Sihua Wang Yuchen Liu Changchuan Yin Beijing Laboratory of Advanced Information Network Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Institute for Data Science and Computing University of Miami Coral Gables FL USA Department of Computer Science North Carolina State University Raleigh NC USA

In this paper, the problem of using several controlled unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to localize a target UAV in real time is investigated. In the considered model, the controlled UAV consists of one active UAV and four passive UAVs. Each passive UAV receives signals transmitted from the active UAV and reflected by the target UAV, and then estimates the distance from the active UAV to the target UAV and then from the target UAV to the passive UAV. Each passive UAV then transmits this distance information to a base station (BS), which estimates the location of the target UAV. Since the target UAV will change its location according to its performed task, each controlled UAV must optimize its trajectory to continuously localize the target UAV. This trajectory design problem is formulated as an optimization problem whose goal is to jointly optimize the trajectories of active and passive UAVs so as to maximize the target UAV positioning accuracy. To solve this problem, a Z function decomposition based reinforcement learning (ZD-RL) method is proposed. Compared to value function decomposition based RL (VD-RL), the proposed method can find the probability distribution of the sum of future rewards to accurately estimate the expected value of the sum of future rewards, thus finding better trajectories for controlled UAVs and improving target UAV positioning accuracy. Simulation results show that the proposed ZD-RL method can reduce the positioning errors by up to 58.3% and 84.8%, compared to VD-RL and independent DRL methods, respectively.

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DisCOV: Distributed COVID-19 Detection on X-Ray Images with Edge-Cloud Collaboration

DisCOV: Distributed COVID-19 Detection on X-Ray Images with ...

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2022 IEEE World Congress on Services, SERVICES 2022

作者： Xu, Xiaolong Tian, Hao Zhang, Xuyun Qi, Lianyong He, Qiang Dou, Wanchun Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology School of Computer and Software Nanjing China Macquarie University Department of Computing Sydney Australia Qufu Normal University School of Information Science and Engineering Rizhao China Swinburne University of Technology School of Software and Electrical Engineering Melbourne Australia Nanjing University State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology Nanjing China

[J1C2 Presentation Abstract at IEEE SERVICES 2022 for IEEE Transactions on Services computing DOI 10.1109/TSC.2022.3142265]

ISBN: (数字)9781665481311

ISBN: (纸本)9781665481311

[J1C2 Presentation Abstract at IEEE SERVICES 2022 for IEEE Transactions on Services computing DOI 10.1109/TSC.2022.3142265]

关键词： COVID-19 Image edge detection Collaboration X-ray imaging

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State Derivative Normalization for Continuous-Time Deep Neural Networks

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Weigand, Jonas Beintema, Gerben I. Ulmen, Jonas Görges, Daniel Tóth, Roland Schoukens, Maarten Ruskowski, Martin Chair of Machine Tools and Control Systems RPTU Kaiserslautern The German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence Kaiserslautern Germany Group The Department of Electrical Engineering Eindhoven University of Technology Netherlands The Systems and Control Laboratory The Institute for Computer Science and Control Budapest Hungary Institute for Electromobility RPTU Kaiserslautern Germany

The importance of proper data normalization for deep neural networks is well known. However, in continuous-time state-space model estimation, it has been observed that improper normalization of either the hidden state or hidden state derivative of the model estimate, or even of the time interval can lead to numerical and optimization challenges with deep learning based methods. This results in a reduced model quality. In this contribution, we show that these three normalization tasks are inherently coupled. Due to the existence of this coupling, we propose a solution to all three normalization challenges by introducing a normalization constant at the state derivative level. We show that the appropriate choice of the normalization constant is related to the dynamics of the to-be-identified system and we derive multiple methods of obtaining an effective normalization constant. We compare and discuss all the normalization strategies on a benchmark problem based on experimental data from a cascaded tanks system and compare our results with other methods of the identification literature. © 2024, CC BY-SA.

关键词： Ordinary differential equations

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Graph Neural Networks for Joint Communication and Sensing Optimization in Vehicular Networks

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Li, Xuefei Chen, Mingzhe Liu, Yuchen Zhang, Zhilong Liu, Danpu Mao, Shiwen The Beijing Laboratory of Advanced Information Network Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing100876 China The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Institute for Data Science and Computing University of Miami Coral GablesFL33146 United States The Department of Computer Science North Carolina State University RaleighNC27695 United States The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Auburn University AuburnAL36849-5201 United States

In this paper, the problem of joint communication and sensing is studied in the context of terahertz (THz) vehicular networks. In the studied model, a set of service provider vehicles (SPVs) provide either communication service or sensing service to target vehicles, where it is essential to determine 1) the service mode (i.e., providing either communication or sensing service) for each SPV and 2) the subset of target vehicles that each SPV will serve. The problem is formulated as an optimization problem aiming to maximize the sum of the data rates of the communication target vehicles, while satisfying the sensing service requirements of the sensing target vehicles, by determining the service mode and the target vehicle association for each SPV. To solve this problem, a graph neural network (GNN) based algorithm with a heterogeneous graph representation is proposed. The proposed algorithm enables the central controller to extract each vehicle’s graph information related to its location, connection, and communication interference. Using this extracted graph information, a joint service mode selection and target vehicle association strategy is then determined to adapt to the dynamic vehicle topology with various vehicle types (e.g., target vehicles and service provider vehicles). Simulation results show that the proposed GNN-based scheme can achieve 93.66% of the sum rate achieved by the optimal solution, and yield up to 3.16% and 31.86% improvements in sum rate, respectively, over a homogeneous GNN-based algorithm and a conventional optimization algorithm without using GNNs. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Graph neural networks

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Closed-Form Hilbert Projection for Quantum State Observers

Closed-Form Hilbert Projection for Quantum State Observers

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American Control Conference (ACC)

作者： Maison Clouâtré Mark Balas Makhin Thitsa Department of Mechanical Engineering Texas A&M University College Station Texas USA Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering Mercer University Macon Georgia USA Laboratory for Information & Decision Systems (LIDS) Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts USA

Designing an observer of an unknown quantum density operator is difficult because the operator must be Hermitian positive semidefinite with unit trace. In this paper, we derive a closed-form solution for projecting an arbitrary matrix onto the set of valid density operators. This allows us to design linear quantum state observers and retract the observer’s state back to this set while retaining the exponential convergence rate of the linear observer. The derived closed-form projection can be used alongside any quantum state estimation technique to produce a valid state estimate without increasing the state estimation error.

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Bilateral Teleoperation Control Using Unified Interactive Model for Manipulation in Contact Environment*

Bilateral Teleoperation Control Using Unified Interactive Mo...

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IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics

作者： Xiao Yang Fanghao Huang Jason Gu Zheng Chen State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems Zhejiang University Hangzhou China Ocean College Zhejiang University Zhoushan China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Dalhousie University Halifax Canada Zhejiang Laboratory Hangzhou China

In this paper, a novel bilateral teleoperation control is designed specifically for manipulation in contact environment. Firstly, serval interaction conditions (e.g., free motion and rigid interaction) are defined and unified into one equation as the designed unified interactive model, which can also be utilized as a control objective. Based on this model, a remote hybrid motion/force controller is designed for remote robot, which achieves the good position and force tracking, and ensures the precise and safe contact force that helps reduce the workload of operator. Subsequently, the contact force is reconstructed in the local side by estimating and transmitting the non-power environment coefficient from remote side, which provides the operator with accurate force feedback. Since the coefficient replaces the direct transmission of force signal in the communication channel, the traditional power-cycle problem is essentially avoided, which guarantees the stability of teleoperation system under communication time delays. Comparative experiments are implemented to verify the effectiveness of proposed method for teleoperated manipulation.

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