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IEEE Conference on computer Vision and Pattern Recognition

作者： Xiaowu Chen Dongqing Zou Steven ZhiYing Zhou Qinping Zhao Ping Tan State Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality Technology and Systems School of Computer Science and Engineering Beihang University Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering National University of Singapore

ISBN: (纸本)9781467364102

In this paper we propose a novel alpha matting method with local and nonlocal smooth priors. We observe that the manifold preserving editing propagation [4] essentially introduced a nonlocal smooth prior on the alpha matte. This nonlocal smooth prior and the well known local smooth prior from matting Laplacian complement each other. So we combine them with a simple data term from color sampling in a graph model for nature image matting. Our method has a closed-form solution and can be solved efficiently. Compared with the state-of-the-art methods, our method produces more accurate results according to the evaluation on standard benchmark datasets.

关键词： Graphical models standardized benchmark Imagery (Psychotherapy) Image images Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists editing Laplacian operator

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Sensor data quality assessment for building simulation model calibration based on automatic differentiation

Sensor data quality assessment for building simulation model...

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2013 IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and engineering, CASE 2013

作者： Li, Sisi Song, Zhen Zhou, Mengchu Lu, Yan Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering New Jersey Institute of Technology Newark NJ 07013 United States Key Laboratory of Embedded System and Service Computing Ministry of Education Tongji University Shanghai 201804 China Department of Automation and Control Siemens Corporation Corporate Technology Princeton NJ 08540 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781479915156

Building simulation models play a vital role in optimal building climate control, energy audit, fault detection and diagnosis, continuous commissioning, and planning. Real system parameters are often unknown or partially unknown and need to be identified through historical data, which are currently acquired by heuristically designed experiments. Without quality sensor data, model calibration is prone to fail, even if the calibration algorithm is appropriate. In this paper, we propose a Fisher-information-matrix (FIM)-based metric to examine the sensor data measurements and how their quality is related to the model calibration quality. It aims to provide quantitative guidance in the calibration cycle of a whole building model that takes as many variables as possible into consideration for the sake of accuracy. Our concerned model is based on well-known physical laws and tries to avoid simplification, thereby leading to a highly discontinuous system with model switches due to the seasonal or daily variation and other reasons. Such a model is implemented in the form of a software package. Hence, no explicit mathematical expression can be given. A key technical challenge is that the complexity of the model prohibits the analytical derivation of FIM, while the numeric calculation is sensitive to sensor noise and model switches. We, hence, propose to adopt an automatic differentiation method, which exploits the operator overload feature of object oriented programming language, for robust numerical FIM calculation. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Numerical methods

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Performance of Loss-Tolerant TCP (LT-TCP) in the Presence of Correlated Losses

Performance of Loss-Tolerant TCP (LT-TCP) in the Presence of...

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MILCOM, Military Communications Conference

作者： Nathan Hourt Koushik Kar Bishwaroop Ganguly MIT Lincoln Laboratory Lexington Massachusetts Department of Electrical Computer and Systems Engineering Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy NY

ISBN: (纸本)9781479948994

TCP is a ubiquitous transport protocol in the Internet. However in wireless ad-hoc environments where links are unreliable, TCP has a number of performance issues. The essential reason is that TCP considers all packet losses to be due to congestion and reduces its send rate, which is not necessarily appropriate in a lossy ad-hoc environment. We have implemented Loss Tolerant TCP (LT-TCP), which addresses this issue among others in a standard Linux kernel. LT-TCP uses Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) and forward error correction (FEC) to mitigate the effects of ad-hoc losses. In previous experimentation, we have seen a speedup of nearly two orders of magnitude using LT-TCP vs. TCP-SACK for file transfers in the presence of uncorrelated losses. We hypothesize that correlation of losses will affect the performance of the protocols and is particularly relevant to directional wireless links. In the current work, we present and compare the two protocols using a correlated loss process, whereby packets suffer the same fate as previous packets with a parameterized probability. Results show that LT-TCP performance remains stable for the amount of correlation we introduce, while TCP-SACK suffers extreme degradation. Further analysis of both protocols is warranted to discern the reasons for this disparity. Based on these results, we remain encouraged that LT-TCP is a viable approach to addressing transport protocol performance in wireless ad-hoc networks.

关键词： Correlation Analytical models Protocols Wireless communication Loss measurement Receivers Ad hoc networks

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Adaptive SRF-PLL with Reconfigurable Controller for Microgrid in Grid-Connected and Stand-Alone Modes

Adaptive SRF-PLL with Reconfigurable Controller for Microgri...

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IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting

作者： Tarek A. Youssef O. Mohammed Energy Systems Research Laboratory Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Florida International University Miami Fl 33174 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781479913022

Accurate detection of grid voltage phase angle under fault and distorted voltage conditions is essential for distributed generation (DG). Failure to detect supply voltage phase angle accurately will lead to frequency fluctuation, power oscillation and harmonic currents. For Microgrid applications, the synchronization mechanism should be able to detect the frequency drift during islanding mode and provide stable frequency reference for standalone operation. To realize this goal, an adaptive synchronous reference frame phase locked loop (ASRF-PLL) with islanding detection capability is proposed. A reconfigurable inverter controller that supports both gird connected and stand-alone operation modes is also proposed. This provides stable operation under various grid conditions and maintains stable frequency reference during islanding mode. Simulation results were carried out to validate the proposed PLL to synchronies the power converter link between the Microgrid with hybrid generation and the AC Grid. The proposed PLL was implemented using the dSPACE 1103. The experimental results confirm excellent performance of the proposed technique and agree with the simulation results moreover. The proposed PLL performance was compared with the conventional SRF-PLL. The results verify the validity of the proposed PLL showing its ability to maintain stable operation under various conditions.

关键词： Grid synchronization islanding Microgrid SRF-PLL MICRO-GRID grid synchronization Phase locked loops stability operations Islanding Prolymphocytic Leukemia Frequency drift GIRTH stable frequency frequency reference stand-alone data recorder configurability

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DRA-array with 75% reduction in elements number

DRA-array with 75% reduction in elements number

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IEEE Radio and Wireless Symposium (RWS formerly RAWCON)

作者： Ahmed A. Kishk Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Technology on Antennas and Microwave Systems (LATAMS) Concordia University Montreal Canada

The gain of dielectric resonator antennas (DRA) above a ground plane is enhanced by placing a dielectric disc on top of the ground plane by a half wavelength. The dielectric disc is of a quarter dielectric wavelength thicknesses. This technique is also used to enhance the array antenna gain as well as reducing the number of the array elements by 75%. The dielectric slab acts as a lens as well as a Radom. A microstrip feeding network is used with all 50 Ohms microstrip lines with the 2 D arrays that reduce the feeding network discontinuities.

关键词： Dielectrics Arrays Slabs Dielectric resonator antennas Finite element analysis Periodic structures Antenna radiation patterns

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Real-Time Plug-In Electric Vehicles Charging Control for V2G Frequency Regulation

Real-Time Plug-In Electric Vehicles Charging Control for V2G...

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Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society

作者： Tan Ma Osama Mohammed Energy Systems Research Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Florida International University Miami 33174 USA|c|

ISBN: (纸本)9781479902255

In this paper, a real-time energy management algorithm for charging a plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) network in a large urban area with renewable energy resources is proposed. In this system, the PEVs charging rates are controlled by a central aggregator through wireless communication. A statistical forecasting model of the energy requirement of the PEVs network at different times during the day is developed based on statistical US drivers' driving habits. With historical solar irradiance, and wind speed in this area, genetic algorithm (GA) is used to find the optimal scale of the renewable farm that can feed proper power for the PEVs network. Meanwhile, this urban area has a certain amount of local load that follows a daily pattern. Through vehicle to grid (V2G) and vehicle to vehicle (V2V) services, the proposed power optimization algorithm based on fuzzy logic control is used to minimize the impact of charging PEVs to the power grid, maximize the utilization of renewable energy and help the power grid to regulate the utility frequency, which will benefit the utility AC grid, PEVs network and its customers. The simulation results based on a large PEVs network demonstrate that the proposed smart charging algorithm can effectively limit the PEVs charging impact and help the grid regulate the frequency.

关键词： charging optimization frequency regulation fuzzy logic plug-in electric vehicles network real-time power flow management renewable energy resources scheduling

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A new solution for the time-space localization problem in wireless sensor network using UAV

A new solution for the time-space localization problem in wi...

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3rd ACM Int. Symp. on Design and Analysis of Intelligent Vehicular Networks and Applications, DIVANet 2013, Held in Conjunction with the 16th ACM Int. Conf. on Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Wireless and Mobile systems, MSWiM 2013

作者： Boukerche, Azzedine Villas, Leandro A. Guidoni, Daniel L. Maia, Guilherme Cunha, Felipe D. Ueyama, Jo Loureiro, Antonio A.F. School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Ottawa Ottawa ON Canada LRC - Computer Networks Laboratory Institute of Computing University of Campinas Campinas Brazil Computer Science Department Federal University of São Jão Del-Rei São Jão del-Rei Brazil Computer Science Department Federal University of Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil Institute of Mathematics and Computer Sciences University of São Paulo São Carlos Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9781450323581

Services such as localization and synchronization are crucial for many applications in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), given that it is commonly required to know the position and global time of the sensor nodes. Nevertheless, these tasks are often carried out after the sensor nodes have been deployed in the sensor location. Given that it is impractical to configure the sensor nodes manually, it is essential to rely on algorithms to overcome the problem of locating and synchronizing the clock of the sensor nodes. Hence, in this study we propose a joint solution for 3D localization and time synchronization in WSNs with the aid of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The UAV is geared with a GPS device and flies over the area covered by the sensor field where it broadcasts its geographical position. This means that the sensor nodes are able to estimate their geographical position without the need to be fitted with a GPS. By carrying out simulations, we show that our joint solution leads to a smaller number of errors in time-synchronization and localization than is the case with other proposals found in the literature. © 2013 ACM.

关键词： Sensor nodes

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A MapReduce-based distributed SVM ensemble for scalable image classification and annotation

A MapReduce-based distributed SVM ensemble for scalable imag...

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作者： Alham, Nasullah Khalid Li, Maozhen Liu, Yang Qi, Man Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences Radcliffe Department of Medicine University of Oxford OX3 9DU United Kingdom School of Engineering and Design Brunel University Uxbridge Middlesex UB8 3PH United Kingdom Key Laboratory of Embedded Systems and Service Computing Ministry of Education Tongji University China School of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China Department of Computing Canterbury Christ Church University Canterbury Kent CT1 1QU United Kingdom

A combination of classifiers leads to a substantial reduction of classification errors in a wide range of applications. Among them, support vector machine (SVM) ensembles with bagging have shown better performance in classification than a single SVM. However, the training process of SVM ensembles is notably computationally intensive, especially when the number of replicated training datasets is large. This paper presents MRESVM, a MapReduce-based distributed SVM ensemble algorithm for scalable image annotation which re-samples the training dataset based on bootstrapping and trains an SVM on each dataset in parallel using a cluster of computers. A balanced sampling strategy for bootstrapping is introduced to increase the classification accuracy. MRESVM is evaluated in both experimental and simulation environments, and the results show that the MRESVM algorithm reduces the training time significantly while achieving a high level of accuracy in classifications. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Image annotation

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Distributed Spectrum Sharing in Cognitive Radio Networks: A Pricing-Based Decomposition Approach

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International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 2014年第11期10卷 1-1页

作者： Yanmin Zhu Wei Sun Jiadi Yu Tong Liu Bo Li Department of Computer Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Scalable Computing and Systems Shanghai 200240 China Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Sai Kung Hong Kong

The limited radio spectrum has become a bottleneck for various wireless communications. To better utilize the scare radio spectrum, cognitive radios have recently attracted increasing attention, which makes spectrum sharing more viable. Sharing radio spectrum from primary users to secondary users is of great importance. A licensed primary user (PU) can lease its spectrum to secondary users (SUs) for wireless communications. This paper studies the problem of social welfare maximization of distributed spectrum sharing among a PU and SUs. We first formulate the problem of social welfare maximization which takes into account both the cost of the PU and the utility gained by each SU. The social welfare maximization is a convex optimization problem and thus can be solved by a centralized algorithm. However, the utility function of each SU may contain the private information. To avoid privacy leakage of SUs, we propose an iterative distributed algorithm based on a pricing-based decomposition framework. It is theoretically proved that our algorithm converges to the optimal solution. Simulation results are presented to show that our algorithm achieves the optimal social welfare and converges quickly in a practical setting.

关键词： COGNITIVE radio (Wireless communication systems) INFORMATION sharing RADIO networks DECOMPOSITION (Mathematics) MATRICES WIRELESS communication systems

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An energy-efficient and scalable eDRAM-based register file architecture for GPGPU 13

An energy-efficient and scalable eDRAM-based register file a...

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40th Annual International Symposium on computer Architecture, ISCA 2013

作者： Jing, Naifeng Shen, Yao Lu, Yao Ganapathy, Shrikanth Mao, Zhigang Guo, Minyi Canal, Ramon Liang, Xiaoyao Department of Computer Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Scalable Computing and Systems Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China School of Microelectronics Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya Barcelona Spain

ISBN: (纸本)9781450320795

The heavily-threaded data processing demands of streaming multiprocessors (SM) in a GPGPU require a large register file (RF). The fast increasing size of the RF makes the area cost and power consumption unaffordable for traditional SRAM designs in the future technologies. In this paper, we propose to use embedded-DRAM (eDRAM) as an alternative in future GPGPUs. Compared with SRAM, eDRAM provides higher density and lower leakage power. However, the limited data retention time in eDRAM poses new challenges. Periodic refresh operations are needed to maintain data integrity. This is exacerbated with the scaling of eDRAM density, process variations and temperature. Unlike conventional CPUs which make use of multi-ported RF, most of the RFs in modern GPGPU are heavily banked but not multi-ported to reduce the hardware cost. This provides a unique opportunity to hide the refresh overhead. We propose two different eDRAM implementations based on 3T1D and 1T1C memory cells. To mitigate the impact of periodic refresh, we propose two novel refresh solutions using bank bubble and bank walk-through. Plus, for the 1T1C RF, we design an interleaved bank organization together with an intelligent warp scheduling strategy to reduce the impact of the destructive reads. The analysis shows that our schemes present better energy efficiency, scalability and variation tolerance than traditional SRAM-based designs. Copyright 2013 ACM.

关键词： Static random access storage

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