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55th Asilomar Conference on Signals, systems and computers, ACSSC 2021

作者： Zhang, Xiang Sarkar, Shamik Kasera, Sneha Kumar Bhuyan, Arupjyoti Ji, Mingyue University of Utah Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering United States University of Utah School of Computing United States Idaho National Laboratory United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781665458283

This paper considers the problem of distributed beam scheduling in millimeter-Wave (mmWave) cellular networks with non-cooperating service operators sharing the spectrum. The base stations (BSs) may belong to different operators so there is no coordination or centralized control among them. Our goal is to design efficient distributed beam scheduling schemes to optimize the network-level utility defined as the sum of the logarithm of the average throughput of the users. Utilizing the Lyapunov optimization theory, the network utility optimization problem can be cast into two sub-problems to be solved iteratively in each frame. The second sub-problem is non-convex and challenging to solve in general. To this end, we propose a non-cooperative game-based beam scheduling and power allocation scheme in which the BSs are modeled as players that aim to optimize their individual payoff. The Nash Equilibrium (NE) then provides a distributed (approximate) solution to the second sub-problem. We prove the existence of NE and identify sufficient conditions guaranteeing the uniqueness of NE by establishing an equivalence of the formulated game to a variational inequality problem. A parallel power update algorithm is proposed with assured convergence. Numerical evaluation demonstrates the superiority of the proposed approach over several baselines. © 2021 IEEE.

关键词： Millimeter waves

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NiO Junction Termination Extension for Ga2O3Devices: High Blocking Field, Low Capacitance, and Fast Switching Speed 35

NiO Junction Termination Extension for Ga2O3Devices: High Bl...

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35th International Symposium on Power Semiconductor Devices and ICs, ISPSD 2023

作者： Xiao, Ming Wang, Boyan Zhang, Ruizhe Song, Qihao Spencer, Joseph Du, Zhonghao Qin, Yuan Sasaki, Kohei Wang, Han Tadjer, Marko Zhang, Yuhao Center for Power Electronics Systems Virginia Tech Blacksburg United States U.S. Naval Research Laboratory WashingtonDC United States University of Southern California Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Los Angeles United States Novel Crystal Technology Inc. Saitama Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9798350396829

This work investigates the blocking electric field, capacitance, and switching speed of the p-type NiO based junction termination extension (JTE) for vertical Ga2O3 devices. The JTE comprises multiple NiO layers sputtered on the surface of Ga2O3 drift region, the acceptor concentration and length of which are carefully optimized. This NiO JTE enabled a breakdown voltage over 3 kV in vertical Ga2O3 diodes with a parallel-plate junction field of 4.2 MV/cm. Large-area Ga2O3 p-n diodes with a current over 1 A were fabricated to evaluate the JTE's capacitance and switching characteristics. The JTE accounts for only, 11 % of the junction capacitance of this 1 A diode, and the percentage is expected to be even smaller for higher-current diodes. The turn-ON/OFF speed and reverse recovery time of the diode are comparable to commercial SiC Schottky barrier diodes. These results show the good promise of NiO JTE as an effective edge termination for Ga2O3 power devices. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Nickel oxide

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Sparkling hot spots in perovskite solar cells under reverse bias

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ChemPhysMater 2022年第1期1卷 71-76页

作者： Weiqi Li Keqing Huang Jianhui Chang Caiqi Hu Caoyu Long Hai Zhang Xavier Maldague Biao Liu Jianqiao Meng Yuxia Duan Junliang Yang School of Physics and Electronics Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China Computer Vision and Systems Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringUniversitéLaval1065av.de la MédecineQuébec(QC)Canada G1V 0A6

Perovskite solar cells(PSCs)are attracting much attention and are on the way to ***,some modules are subject to reverse bias in actual fields,so it is meaningful to investigate the reverse-bias behav-ior of ***,an in-situ temperature and current measurement technique was ***,some hot spots were observed and then quickly disappeared in the reverse biased PSCs,along with the simultaneous increase in the current and local ***,the potential mechanism has been revealed and *** abnormal bulge in the perovskite film was found at the hot ***,the appearance and disappearance of hot spots were perfectly explained by band bending and tunneling current caused by ion ***-tionally,statistical analysis suggested that sparkling hot spots were related to reverse voltage and efficiencies of *** research provides a great significance for the study of PSCs under reverse bias.

关键词： Perovskite solar cells Reverse bias Hot spots Stability

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DAMPER: A Dual-Stage Medical Report Generation Framework with Coarse-Grained MeSH Alignment and Fine-Grained Hypergraph Matching

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Huang, Xiaofei Chen, Wenting Liu, Jie Lu, Qisheng Luo, Xiaoling Shen, Linlin Computer Vision Institute College of Computer Science and Software Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen China Department of Electrical Engineering City University of Hong Kong Kowloon Hong Kong National Engineering Laboratory for Big Data System Computing Technology Shenzhen University China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing China

Medical report generation is crucial for clinical diagnosis and patient management, summarizing diagnoses and recommendations based on medical imaging. However, existing work often overlook the clinical pipeline involved in report writing, where physicians typically conduct an initial quick review followed by a detailed examination. Moreover, current alignment methods may lead to misaligned relationships. To address these issues, we propose DAMPER, a dual-stage framework for medical report generation that mimics the clinical pipeline of report writing in two stages. In the first stage, a MeSH-Guided Coarse-Grained Alignment (MCG) stage that aligns chest X-ray (CXR) image features with medical subject headings (MeSH) features to generate a rough keyphrase representation of the overall impression. In the second stage, a Hypergraph-Enhanced Fine-Grained Alignment (HFG) stage that constructs hypergraphs for image patches and report annotations, modeling high-order relationships within each modality and performing hypergraph matching to capture semantic correlations between image regions and textual phrases. Finally,the coarse-grained visual features, generated MeSH representations, and visual hypergraph features are fed into a report decoder to produce the final medical report. Extensive experiments on public datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of DAMPER in generating comprehensive and accurate medical reports, outperforming state-of-the-art methods across various evaluation metrics. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Coarse-grained modeling

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Continual Reinforcement Learning for Digital Twin Synchronization Optimization

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IEEE Transactions on Mobile computing 2025年

作者： Tong, Haonan Chen, Mingzhe Zhao, Jun Hu, Ye Yang, Zhaohui Liu, Yuchen Yin, Changchuan Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing Key Laboratory of Network System Architecture and Convergence Beijing Advanced Information Network Laboratory Beijing China College of Computing and Data Science Singapore University of Miami Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Frost Institute for Data Science and Computing Coral Gables33146 United States University of Miami Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering Coral Gables33146 United States Zhejiang University College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering Hangzhou310027 China North Carolina State University Department of Computer Science RaleighNC27695 United States Beijing Key Laboratory of Network System Architecture and Convergence China Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing Advanced Information Network Laboratory Beijing100876 China

This article investigates the adaptive resource allocation scheme for digital twin (DT) synchronization optimization over dynamic wireless networks. In our considered model, a base station (BS) continuously collects factory physical object state data from wireless devices to build a real-time virtual DT system for factory event analysis. Due to continuous data transmission, maintaining DT synchronization must use extensive wireless resources. To address this issue, a subset of devices is selected to transmit their sensing data, and resource block (RB) allocation is optimized. This problem is formulated as a constrained Markov process (CMDP) problem that minimizes the long-term mismatch between the physical and virtual systems. To solve this CMDP, we first transform the problem into a dual problem that refines RB constraint impacts on device scheduling strategies. We then propose a continual reinforcement learning (CRL) algorithm to solve the dual problem. The CRL algorithm learns a stable policy across historical experiences for quick adaptation to dynamics in physical states and network capacity. Simulation results show that the CRL can adapt quickly to network capacity changes and reduce normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) between physical and virtual states by up to 55.2%, using the same RB number as traditional methods. © 2025 IEEE. All rights reserved.

关键词： Markov processes

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Hybrid-Excited, Variable-Flux, and Inter-Modular Biased-Flux Motors: A Comparative Analysis

Hybrid-Excited, Variable-Flux, and Inter-Modular Biased-Flux...

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Iranian Conference on electrical engineering (ICEE)

作者： Mohammad Amirkhani Ehsan Farmahini Farahani Alireza Eikani Mojtaba Mirsalim Javad Shokrollahi Moghani Department of Electrical Engineering Electrical Machines and Transformers Research Laboratory Amirkabir University of Technology Tehran Iran Electrical Power Research Group School of Engineering Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne U.K Advanced Motion Systems Research Lab School of Electrical and Computer Engineering College of Engineering University of Tehran Tehran Iran Department of Electrical Engineering Amirkabir University of Technology Tehran Iran

ISBN: (数字)9798350376340

ISBN: (纸本)9798350376357

This paper analyses three prominent biased-flux permanent magnet (BFPM) motors and compares them with each other. The structures of these BFPMs are different from each other, but they share the same operation principle. These structures are, namely, hybrid-excited multi-tooth slot-PM (HETSPM), multi-tooth variable flux reluctance (TVFR), and inter-modular PM (IMPM). The reason for this selection of structure is because of complementary features that each one possesses. For example, the HETSPM motor places in between the TVFR and IMPM motors in terms of PM consumption and demagnetization. However, the IMPM structure produces high amount torque at high efficiency. The demagnetization of the HETSPM and IMPM structures is also investigated and is shown that, in the similar situation, the HETSPM provides a safer operation environment for the PMs. Two-dimensional finite element method is used to extract the important profiles of the mentioned structures.

关键词： electrical engineering Magnetic flux Torque Motors Permanent magnets Finite element analysis Topology

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Optimal Bidding Strategy for a Wind Power Producer in the Energy and Spinning Reserve Markets

Optimal Bidding Strategy for a Wind Power Producer in the En...

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2021 North American Power Symposium, NAPS 2021

作者： Stratman, Anne Qiao, Wei Qu, Liyan University of Nebraska-Lincoln Power and Energy Systems Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering LincolnNE68588-0511 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781665420815

Wind power is one of the world's fastest-growing renewable energy resources. To achieve high levels of wind power penetration in the power supply, it will be necessary for wind power producers (WPPs) to contribute to system-wide reserves. This paper proposes a stochastic optimization model to determine the optimal offer strategy for a WPP that participates in the day-ahead and real-time energy and spinning reserve markets. The objective function maximizes the WPP's total expected profit while minimizing risk by allowing the WPP to split day-ahead offers between the energy and spinning reserve markets, which have lower penalties than the energy market for failing to deliver the cleared day-ahead offer. The model is solved using the simplex method, and hourly offer curves are generated for several levels of risk-aversion. Case study results show that the proposed offer strategy increases expected profit and significantly decreases risk compared to the case where the WPP only participates in the energy market. © 2021 IEEE.

关键词： Wind power

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Multi-Unit Floor Plan Recognition and Reconstruction Using Improved Semantic Segmentation of Raster-Wise Floor Plans

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Kratochvila, Lukas de Jong, Gijs Arkesteijn, Monique Bilík, Šimon Zemčík, Tomáš Horak, Karel Rellermeyer, Jan S. Department of Control and Instrumentation Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication Brno University of Technology Brno Czech Republic Department of Software Technology Faculty of Electrical Engineering Mathematics and Computer Science TU Delft Delft Netherlands Department of Management in the Built Environment Faculty of Architecture and the Built Environment TU Delft Delft Netherlands Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Laboratory Department of Computational Engineering Lappeenranta-Lahti University of Technology LUT Lappeenranta Finland Dependable and Scalable Software Systems Institute of Systems Engineering Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Leibniz University Hannover Hannover Germany

Digital twins have a major potential to form a significant part of urban management in emergency planning, as they allow more efficient designing of the escape routes, better orientation in exceptional situations, and faster rescue intervention. Nevertheless, creating the twins still remains a largely manual effort, due to a lack of 3D-representations, which are available only in limited amounts for some new buildings. Thus, in this paper we aim to synthesize 3D information from commonly available 2D architectural floor plans. We propose two novel pixel-wise segmentation methods based on the MDA-Unet and MACU-Net architectures with improved skip connections, an attention mechanism, and a training objective together with a reconstruction part of the pipeline, which vectorizes the segmented plans to create a 3D model. The proposed methods are compared with two other state-of-the-art techniques and several benchmark datasets. On the commonly used CubiCasa benchmark dataset, our methods have achieved the mean F1 score of 0.86 over five examined classes, outperforming the other pixel-wise approaches tested. We have also made our code publicly available to support research in the field. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Semantic Segmentation

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Examining the Use of Non-fungible Tokens (NFTs) as a Trading Mechanism for the Metaverse 1

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29th European systems, Software and Services Process Improvement, EuroSPI 2022

作者： Yilmaz, Murat Hacaloğlu, Tuna Clarke, Paul Department of Computer Engineering Engineering Faculty Gazi University Ankara Turkey Metaverse Research and Development Laboratory Gazi University Ankara Turkey Department of Information Systems Engineering Atilim University Ankara Turkey School of Computing Dublin City University Dublin Ireland Lero the Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Software Limerick Ireland

ISBN: (数字)9783031155598

ISBN: (纸本)9783031155581

The notion of a metaverse seems hard to define but encourages the impression that it can be considered as a new virtual metaphysical landscape that somehow goes beyond our geographical locations and understanding (i.e., independent of time and space). Based on virtual reality, augmented reality, and blockchain, it is envisioned as an independent but extended world that is planned to be a digital virtuality entrenched not only in our old habits such as gaming and entertainment but also in virtual asset trade. In particular, trading is a pillar of the virtual economy, and auction houses will be crucial for Metaverse trading. This exploratory study examines the possibility of using an auction environment to improve the trading capabilities in a virtual universe. We investigate the cases of creating a virtual auction house with the potential of social trading of virtual assets with crypto coins and bartering. To this end, we built a virtual auction house and tested it initially using a set of scenarios. Our preliminary findings suggest that creating a virtual trading environment would be beneficial as an environment for buying and selling virtual assets and exploring their consequences. © 2022, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Augmented reality

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Innate Cyber-Immunity and Acquired Cyber-Immunity across Multi-Area Power systems

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IEEE Transactions on Power systems 2025年

作者： Hou, Jiazuo Song, Yue Hou, Yunhe Peng, Jimmy Chih-Hsien National University of Singapore Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Singapore Tongji University Department of Control Science and Engineering National Key Laboratory of Autonomous Intelligent Unmanned Systems Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Science and Technology Shanghai201804 China The University of Hong Kong Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Hong Kong University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation Shenzhen518057 China

Organisms have evolved innate and acquired immune systems to defend against pathogens like coronaviruses. Similarly, power networks, threatened by cyber-attacks, desire cyber-immunity. Inspired by the immunology research, this study develops a cyber-immune strategy-characterizing innate cyber-immunity and establishing acquired cyber-immunity-for any selected portion of a power network (termed as power subnetwork) against stealthy false data injection (FDI) cyberattacks. Therein, without extrinsic protection and information asymmetry, this paper for the first time confirms the existence and provides closed-form conditions for power subnetworks that are innately immune to FDI cyber-attacks despite all measurements being compromised. Single-leader-multi-follower bi-level optimization models are then developed to strategically allocate measurement protection, leading to the acquired cyber-immunity, whose conditions for existence and the least cost are explicitly formulated. More importantly, a bi-directional cyber-immunity propagation mechanism is presented to provide the optimal spatial allocation of defense resources across adjacent subnetworks. It also explicitly determines the temporal allocation sequence, revealing its sequential and cumulative impacts on establishing cyber-immunity. This is achieved by designing recursive traversal algorithms, one of which is modelled as a post-order depth-first-search problem of a multi-fork tree. The proposed subnetwork-specific cyber-immune strategy is verified in a modified Australian National Electricity Market. © 1969-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Phishing

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