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IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence 2025年第3期6卷 759-772页

作者： Zhong, Xiangnan Ni, Zhen Florida Atlantic University Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Boca RatonFL33431 United States

AI and reinforcement learning (RL) have attracted great attention in the study of multiplayer systems over the past decade. Despite the advances, most of the studies are focused on synchronized decision-making to attain Nash equilibrium, where all the players take actions simultaneously. On the other hand, however, in complex applications, certain players may have an advantage in making sequential decisions and this situation introduces a hierarchical structure and influences how other players respond. The control design for such system is challenging since it relies on solving the coupled Hamilton-Jacobi equation. The situation becomes more difficult when the learning process is exposed to complex uncertainties with unreliable data being exchanged. Therefore, in this article, we develop a new learning-based control approach for a class of nonlinear hierarchical multiplayer systems subject to mismatched uncertainties. Specifically, we first formulate this new problem as a multiplayer Stackelberg-Nash game in conjunction with the hierarchical robust-optimal transformation. Theoretical analysis confirms the equivalence of this transformation and ensures that the designed control policies can achieve stable equilibrium. Then, a two-level neural-RL-based approach is developed to automatically and adaptively learn the solutions. The stability of this online learning process is also provided. Finally, two numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed learning-based robust control design. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Reinforcement learning

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Occupancy Map Guided Attributes Artifacts Removal for Video-Based Point Cloud Compression

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ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications and Applications 2024年第12期20卷 1-20页

作者： Chen, Peilin Wang, Shiqi Li, Zhu Department of Computer Science City University of Hong Kong Kowloon Hong Kong Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering University of Missouri-Kansas City KansasMO United States

Point clouds offer realistic 3D representations of objects and scenes at the expense of large data volumes. To represent such data compactly in real-world applications, Video-Based Point Cloud Compression (V-PCC) converts their texture into 2D attributes and occupancy maps before applying lossy video compression. Unfortunately, the coding artifacts introduced in the decoded attribute maps eventually degrade the quality of the reconstructed point cloud, thereby influencing its immersive experience. This article proposes a deep learning-based attribute map enhancement method that fully leverages the occupancy map's guidance. The design philosophy is that the cross-modality guidance from occupancy can be leveraged as critical information to enhance the attribute. Therefore, instead of treating attribute and occupancy as two separate sources of signals, occupancy serves as an indispensable auxiliary, such that the proposed framework explicitly provides the model with abundant clues by conducting local feature modification and global dependencies aggregation. In particular, the proposed framework is compatible with existing V-PCC bitstreams and can be feasibly incorporated into the standardized decoder pipeline. Extensive evaluations show the effectiveness of the proposed framework in attribute enhancement, with equivalently 6.0% Bjontegaard Delta-rate (BD-rate) savings obtained. © 2024 Copyright held by the owner/author(s). Publication rights licensed to ACM.

关键词： Image compression

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Cavity-agnostic acoustofluidic manipulations enabled by guided flexural waves on a membrane acoustic waveguide actuator

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第2期10卷 153-171页

作者： Philippe Vachon Srinivas Merugu Jaibir Sharma Amit Lal Eldwin J.Ng Yul Koh Joshua E.-Y.Lee Chengkuo Lee Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore Institute of Microelectronics Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research(A*STAR)SingaporeSingapore SonicMEMS Laboratory School of Electrical and Computer EngineeringCornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA School of Electrical and Data Engineering University of Technology SydneyUltimoNSWAustralia

This article presents an in-depth exploration of the acoustofluidic capabilities of guided flexural waves(GFWs)generated by a membrane acoustic waveguide actuator(MAWA).By harnessing the potential of GFWs,cavity-agnostic advanced particle manipulation functions are achieved,unlocking new avenues for microfluidic systems and lab-on-a-chip *** localized acoustofluidic effects of GFWs arising from the evanescent nature of the acoustic fields they induce inside a liquid medium are numerically investigated to highlight their unique and promising *** traditional acoustofluidic technologies,the GFWs propagating on the MAWA’s membrane waveguide allow for cavity-agnostic particle manipulation,irrespective of the resonant properties of the fluidic ***,the acoustofluidic functions enabled by the device depend on the flexural mode populating the active region of the membrane *** demonstrations using two types of particles include in-sessile-droplet particle transport,mixing,and spatial separation based on particle diameter,along with streaming-induced counter-flow virtual channel generation in microfluidic PDMS *** experiments emphasize the versatility and potential applications of the MAWA as a microfluidic platform targeted at lab-on-a-chip development and showcase the MAWA’s compatibility with existing microfluidic systems.

关键词： waveguide fluid cavity

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Simulation Tools for Cognitive Radio Network: A Survey

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IEEE Access 2025年 13卷 1-27页

作者： Islam, A. K. M. Muzahidul Bin Rabbani, Rakin Aadeeb, Md. Shadman Zareei, Mahdi Mansoor, Nafees Zubaer, Molla Md. United International University Department of Computer Science and Engineering Dhaka1212 Bangladesh BRAC University Department of Computer Science and Engineering Dhaka1212 Bangladesh Tecnologico de Monterrey School of Engineering and Sciences Monterrey64849 Mexico University of Liberal Arts Bangladesh Department of Computer Science and Engineering Dhaka1209 Bangladesh Department of Electrical Electronic and Communication Engineering Dhaka1216 Bangladesh

Due to recent expansion of wireless communications, it has become impossible to cope with the allotment of the precious spectrum while resources for wireless communication are bounded and finite. Hence, the cognitive radio concept is introduced to ensure optimal utilization of these invaluable resources. By emerging research in the field of cognitive radio network, fresh researchers are looking for a suitable simulator for the cognitive radio network since the implementation and testbed is not practical and feasible invariably. Moreover, there is no simulator that has been designed with cognitive radio networks in mind. Furthermore, this research area is relatively new. Therefore, often it becomes very hard to decide which network simulator to work with, as the availability of reference is significantly low. As a result, much effort is required to make a proper decision. In this paper, we take a detailed look at current simulators used by researchers in the field of cognitive radio networks to help researchers identify appropriate tools for simulation. To further aid researchers, we classify the simulation tools, demonstrate their architectures, describe features, elucidate advantages and disadvantages of these tools, and report some open issues and challenges for future research. © 2025 The Authors.

关键词： Cognitive radio

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Privacy Comparison for Bitcoin Light Client Implementations 6

Privacy Comparison for Bitcoin Light Client Implementations

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6th Conference on Advances in Financial Technologies, AFT 2024

作者： Kotzer, Arad Rottenstreich, Ori The Department of Computer Science Technion Haifa Israel The Department of Computer Science The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Technion Haifa Israel

ISBN: (纸本)9783959773454

Light clients implement a simple solution for Bitcoin’s scalability problem, as they do not store the entire blockchain but only the state of particular addresses of interest. To be able to keep track of the updated state of their addresses, light clients rely on full nodes to provide them with the required information. To do so, they must reveal information about the addresses they are interested in. This paper studies the two most common light client implementations, SPV and Neutrino with regards to their privacy. We define privacy metrics for comparing the privacy of the different implementations. We evaluate and compare the privacy of the implementations over time on real Bitcoin data and discuss the inherent privacy-communication tradeoff. In addition, we propose general techniques to enhance light client privacy in the existing implementations. Finally, we propose a new SPV-based light client model, the aggregation model, evaluate it, and show it can achieve enhanced privacy than in the existing light client implementations. © Arad Kotzer and Ori Rottenstreich.

关键词： Differential privacy

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Agricultural supply chain management using hyperledger and AIOT

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Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing 2025年第4期16卷 471-485页

作者： Jha, Anurag Kumar Raj, Aparna Jha, Ashish Kumar Shetty, Sujala D. Department of Computer Science Bits-Pilani Dubai Campus Dubai United Arab Emirates Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Carnegie Mellon University PittsburghPA United States

Supply chain management and Hyperledger are two interconnected domains. They leverage blockchain technology to enhance efficiency, transparency, and security in supply chain operations. Together, they provide a decentralized, traceable, and real-time platform for recording and managing transactions. This combination is particularly valuable for industries dealing with sensitive goods, as it provides accurate traceability and real-time information. This paper explores the integration of supply chain management with Hyperledger blockchain technology to enhance efficiency, transparency, and security in supply chain operations. We propose a decentralized Hyperledger Fabric blockchain network to improve traceability, security, and efficiency by monitoring environmental conditions. This approach is particularly beneficial for transporting sensitive goods, such as medical supplies and perishable items, by ensuring optimal conditions and real-time data accessibility. The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) further enhances insights, reduces waste, and improves overall efficiency. By utilizing a distributed network free from third-party intermediaries, the system ensures immutability and remote accessibility, addressing challenges related to transporting heat and humidity sensitive products. Our experimental assessment demonstrates the benefits of private blockchain technologies, including enhanced security, regulatory compliance, compatibility, flexibility, and scalability. This study presents a detailed methodology for developing a traceable, efficient, and sustainable agricultural supply chain. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Efficiency

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Noisy Computing of the Threshold Function 36

Noisy Computing of the Threshold Function

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36th International Conference on Algorithmic Learning Theory, ALT 2025

作者： Wang, Ziao Ghaddar, Nadim Zhu, Banghua Wang, Lele Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Ann Arbor United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Toronto Canada Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Washington United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of British Columbia Canada

Coping with noise in computing is an important problem to consider in large systems. With applications in fault tolerance (Hastad et al., 1987;Pease et al., 1980;Pippenger et al., 1991), noisy sorting (Shah and Wainwright, 2018;Agarwal et al., 2017;Falahatgar et al., 2017;Heckel et al., 2019;Wang et al., 2024a;Gu and Xu, 2023;Kunisky et al., 2024), noisy searching (Berlekamp, 1964;Horstein, 1963;Burnashev and Zigangirov, 1974;Pelc, 1989;Karp and Kleinberg, 2007), among many others, the goal is to devise algorithms with the minimum number of queries that are robust enough to detect and correct the errors that can happen during the computation. In this work, we consider the noisy computing of the threshold-k function. For n Boolean variables x = (x1, ..., xn) ∈ {0, 1}n, the threshold-k function THk(·) computes whether the number of 1's in x is at least k or not, i.e., (Equation presented) The noisy queries correspond to noisy readings of the bits, where at each time step, the agent queries one of the bits, and with probability p, the wrong value of the bit is returned. It is assumed that the constant p ∈ (0, 1/2) is known to the agent. Our goal is to characterize the optimal query complexity for computing the THk function with error probability at most δ. This model for noisy computation of the THk function has been studied by Feige et al. (1994), where the order of the optimal query complexity is established;however, the exact tight characterization of the optimal number of queries is still open. In this paper, our main contribution is tightening this gap by providing new upper and lower bounds for the computation of the THk function, which simultaneously improve the existing upper and lower bounds. The main result of this paper can be stated as follows: for any 1 ≤ k ≤ n, there exists an algorithm that computes the THk function with an error probability at most δ = o(1), and the algorithm uses at most (Equation presented) queries in expectation. Here we define m (Eq

关键词： Active learning

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Etching-free pixel definition in InGaN green micro-LEDs

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Light(science & Applications) 2024年第8期13卷 1655-1665页

作者： Zhiyuan Liu Yi Lu Haicheng Cao Glen Isaac Maciel Garcia Tingang Liu Xiao Tang Na Xiao Raul Aguileta Vazquez Mingtao Nong Xiaohang Li Advanced Semiconductor Laboratory Electrical and Computer Engineering ProgramCEMSE DivisionKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST)Thuwal 23955-6900Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

The traditional plasma etching process for defining micro-LED pixels could lead to significant sidewall *** near sidewall regions act as non-radiative recombination centers and paths for current leakage,significantly deteriorating device *** this study,we demonstrated a novel selective thermal oxidation(STO)method that allowed pixel definition without undergoing plasma damage and subsequent dielectric *** annealing in ambient air oxidized and reshaped the LED structure,such as p-layers and InGaN/GaN multiple quantum ***,the pixel areas beneath the pre-deposited SiO_(2)layer were selectively and effectively *** was demonstrated that prolonged thermal annealing time enhanced the insulating properties of the oxide,significantly reducing LED leakage ***,applying a thicker SiO_(2)protective layer minimized device resistance and boosted device efficiency *** the STO method,InGaN green micro-LED arrays with 50-,30-,and 10-μm pixel sizes were manufactured and *** results indicated that after 4 h of air annealing and with a 3.5-μm SiO_(2)protective layer,the 10-μm pixel array exhibited leakage currents density 1.2×10^(-6)A/cm^(2)at-10 V voltage and a peak on-wafer external quantum efficiency of~6.48%.This work suggests that the STO method could become an effective approach for future micro-LED manufacturing to mitigate adverse LED efficiency size effects due to the plasma etching and improve device ***-LEDs fabricated through the STO method can be applied to micro-displays,visible light communication,and optical interconnect-based *** planar pixel geometry will provide more possibilities for the monolithic integration of driving circuits with ***,the STO method is not limited to micro-LED fabrication and can be extended to design other III-nitride devices,such as photodetectors,laser diodes,high-electron-mobility transistors

关键词： annealing protective quantum

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More than just a name?From magnetic to optical skyrmions and the topology of light

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Light(science & Applications) 2025年第1期14卷 26-29页

作者： Jian Chen Andrew Forbes Cheng-Wei Qiu School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai200093China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of SingaporeSingapore117583Singapore School of Physics University of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa

Topology is usually perceived intrinsically immutable for a given *** argue that optical topologies do not immediately enjoy such ***'optical skyrmions'as an example,we show that they will exhibit varying textures and topological invariants(skyrmion numbers),depending on how to construct the skyrmion vector when projecting from real to parameter *** demonstrate the fragility of optical skyrmions under a ubiquitous scenario-simple reflection off an optical *** topology is not without benefit,but it must not be assumed.

关键词： numbers space. topology

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Beamforming and Reflection Design for Short Packet ISAC With Non-Ideal RIS: An A3C-Based Approach

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IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 2025年第5期74卷 8379-8384页

作者： Mahmoudi, Behrad Khonsari, Ahmad Zeinali, Farshad Mili, Mohammad Robat Mashhadi, Mahdi Boloursaz Xiao, Pei University of Tehran Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Tehran Iran University of Tehran School of Electrical and Computer Engineering College of Engineering Tehran Iran School of Computer Science in the Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences Tehran Iran United Kingdom Institute for Advanced Innovative Solutions Tehran Iran

Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) is a promising solution to mitigate the increasing congestion of the wireless spectrum. In this paper, we investigate the short packet communication regime within an ISAC system assisted by a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) to meet the low latency ultra-reliable requirements in the next-generation wireless networks. We consider a non-ideal RIS model that captures effects of the phase-dependent amplitude variations in the reflection coefficients, and we have incorporated the near-field model into the channels between the RIS and the users or targets. In this setup, we jointly design the transmit beamforming and the RIS phase shifts to maximize the sum rate while satisfying the sensing signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) requirement. The system simultaneously carries out multitarget sensing and multi-user short packet communications with the help of the RIS. Considering the non-convex and dynamic nature of the resulting optimization problem, we propose an asynchronous advantage actor-critic (A3C) based method for beamforming and reflection design in this setup. Numerical results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed scheme over the benchmarks. © 1967-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Beamforming

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