Recently,nano-systems based on molecular communications via diffusion(MCvD)have been implemented in a variety of nanomedical applications,most notably in targeted drug delivery system(TDDS)***,because the MCvD is unre...
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Recently,nano-systems based on molecular communications via diffusion(MCvD)have been implemented in a variety of nanomedical applications,most notably in targeted drug delivery system(TDDS)***,because the MCvD is unreliable and there exists molecular noise and inter symbol interference(ISI),cooperative nano-relays can acquire the reliability for drug delivery to targeted diseased cells,especially if the separation distance between the nano transmitter and nano receiver is *** this work,we propose an approach for optimizing the performance of the nano system using cooperative molecular communications with a nano relay scheme,while accounting for blood flow effects in terms of drift *** fractions of the molecular drug that should be allocated to the nano transmitter and nano relay positioning are computed using a collaborative optimization problem solved by theModified Central Force Optimization(MCFO)*** the previous work,the probability of bit error is expressed in a closed-form *** is used as an objective function to determine the optimal velocity of the drug molecules and the detection threshold at the nano *** simulation results show that the probability of bit error can be dramatically reduced by optimizing the drift velocity,detection threshold,location of the nano-relay in the proposed nano system,and molecular drug budget.
The cybersecurity of the power grid has gained increasing attraction in today's smart grid system. The dynamic load-altering attack (DLAA), which causes under-frequency trips by injecting an attacking load, and th...
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Diffusion models have become a popular choice for representing actor policies in behavior cloning and offline reinforcement learning. This is due to their natural ability to optimize an expressive class of distributio...
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Diffusion models have become a popular choice for representing actor policies in behavior cloning and offline reinforcement learning. This is due to their natural ability to optimize an expressive class of distributions over a continuous space. However, previous works fail to exploit the score-based structure of diffusion models, and instead utilize a simple behavior cloning term to train the actor, limiting their ability in the actor-critic setting. In this paper, we present a theoretical framework linking the structure of diffusion model policies to a learned Q-function, by linking the structure between the score of the policy to the action gradient of the Q-function. We focus on off-policy reinforcement learning and propose a new policy update method from this theory, which we denote Q-score matching. Notably, this algorithm only needs to differentiate through the denoising model rather than the entire diffusion model evaluation, and converged policies through Q-score matching are implicitly multi-modal and explorative in continuous domains. We conduct experiments in simulated environments to demonstrate the viability of our proposed method and compare to popular baselines. Source code is available from the project website: https://***/qsm. Copyright 2024 by the author(s)
A new multi-period transmission planning method is presented in this article to choose optimal solutions among the suggested HVAC and HVDC lines for installation in consecutive periods over a long-term planning horizo...
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This paper expounds upon a novel target detection methodology distinguished by its elevated discriminatory efficacy,specifically tailored for environments characterized by markedly low luminance *** methodologies stru...
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This paper expounds upon a novel target detection methodology distinguished by its elevated discriminatory efficacy,specifically tailored for environments characterized by markedly low luminance *** methodologies struggle with the challenges posed by luminosity fluctuations,especially in settings characterized by diminished radiance,further exacerbated by the utilization of suboptimal imaging *** envisioned approach mandates a departure from the conventional YOLOX model,which exhibits inadequacies in mitigating these *** enhance the efficacy of this approach in low-light conditions,the dehazing algorithm undergoes refinement,effecting a discerning regulation of the transmission rate at the pixel level,reducing it to values below 0.5,thereby resulting in an augmentation of image ***,the coiflet wavelet transform is employed to discern and isolate high-discriminatory attributes by dismantling low-frequency image attributes and extracting high-frequency attributes across divergent *** utilization of CycleGAN serves to elevate the features of low-light imagery across an array of stylistic *** computational methodologies are then employed to amalgamate and conflate intricate attributes originating from images characterized by distinct stylistic orientations,thereby augmenting the model’s erudition *** validation conducted on the PASCAL VOC and MS COCO 2017 datasets substantiates pronounced *** refined low-light enhancement algorithm yields a discernible 5.9%augmentation in the target detection evaluation index when compared to the original *** Average Precision(mAP)undergoes enhancements of 9.45%and 0.052%in low-light visual renditions relative to conventional YOLOX *** envisaged approach presents a myriad of advantages over prevailing benchmark methodologies in the realm of target detection within environments marked by an acute scarcity of lumi
Traditional Convolutional Neural Networks have been successful in capturing local, position-invariant features in text, but their capacity to model complex transformation within language can be further explored. In th...
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Large Language Models (LLMs) like GPT and PaLM have transformed natural language processing, enabling advancements in text generation, language translation, and conversational AI. However, their increasing adoption ha...
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The energy price has a vital role in encouraging people to make their buildings net zero energy buildings (NZEB). The minimum energy price to make NZEB cost-effective depends on the efficiency of renewable energy gene...
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This article proposes three-level (TL) buck-boost direct ac-ac converters based on switching-cell configuration with coupled magnetics. The proposed converters use only six active switches and can produce noninverting...
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Device-Free mmWave Sensing (DFWS) could sense target state by analyzing how target activities influence the surrounding mmWave signals. It has emerged as a promising sensing technology. However, when employing DFWS in...
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