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Nanomechanical thermometry for probing sub-nW thermal transport

Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第5期10卷 287-303页

作者： Sangmin Oh Nehpal Singh Shekhawat Osama Jameel Amit Lal Chung Hoon Lee Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Marquette UniversityMilwaukeeWiUSA Polytec Inc. 16400 Bake PkwyIrvineCAUSA Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Cornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA

Accurate local temperature measurement at micro and nanoscales requires thermometry with high resolution because of ultra-low thermal *** the various methods for measuring temperature,optical techniques have shown the most precise temperature detection,with resolutions reaching(-10^(-9) K).In this work,we present a nanomechanical device with nano-Kelvin resolution(-10^(-9) K)at room temperature and 1 *** device uses a 20 nm thick silicon nitride(SiN)membrane,forming an air chamber as the sensing *** presented device has a temperature sensing area>1 mm^(2)for micro/nanoscale objects with reduced target placement constraints as the target can be placed anywhere on the>1 mm^(2)sensing *** temperature resolution of the SiN membrane device is determined by deflection at the center of the *** temperature resolution is inversely proportional to the membrane's stiffness,as detailed through analysis and measurements of stiffness and noise equivalent temperature(NET)in the pre-stressed SiN *** achievable heat flow resolution of the membrane device is 100 pW,making it suitable for examining thermal transport on micro and nanoscales.

关键词： transport stiffness precise

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Long-range-interacting topological photonic lattices breaking channel-bandwidth limit

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第10期13卷 2367-2375页

作者： Gyunghun Kim Joseph Suh Dayeong Lee Namkyoo Park Sunkyu Yu Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Intelligent Wave Systems LaboratorySeoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Korea Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Photonic Systems LaboratorySeoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Korea

The presence of long-range interactions is crucial in distinguishing between abstract complex networks and wave *** photonics,because electromagnetic interactions between optical elements generally decay rapidly with spatial distance,most wave phenomena are modeled with neighboring interactions,which account for only a small part of conceptually possible ***,we explore the impact of substantial long-range interactions in topological *** demonstrate that a crystalline structure,characterized by long-range interactions in the absence of neighboring ones,can be interpreted as an overlapped *** overlap model facilitates the realization of higher values of topological invariants while maintaining bandgap width in photonic topological *** breaking of topology-bandgap tradeoff enables topologically protected multichannel signal processing with broad *** practically accessible system parameters,the result paves the way to the extension of topological physics to network science.

关键词： topological breaking neighboring

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Transient Characteristics and Accommodative Current Limiting Strategy for Bidirectional Interlinking Converters in Hybrid AC/DC Microgrids

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2024年第4期10卷 1575-1588页

作者： Xia Shen Zhikang Shuai Wen Huang Chao Shen Yang Shen Z.John Shen College of Electrical and Information Engineering Hunan UniversityChangsha 410082China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Illinois Institute of TechnologyChicagoIL 60616 USA

Bidirectional interlinking converter(BIC)is the core equipment in a hybrid AC/DC microgrid connected between AC and DC ***,the variety of control modes and flexible bidirectional power flow complicate the influence of AC faults on BIC itself and on DC sub-grid,which potentially threaten both converter safety and system *** study first investigates AC fault influence on the BIC and DC bus voltage under different BIC control modes and different pre-fault operation states,by developing a mathematical model and equivalent sequence ***,based on the analysis results,a general accommodative current limiting strategy is proposed for BIC without limitations to specific mode or operation *** amplitude is predicted and constrained according to the critical requirements to protect the BIC and relieving the AC fault influence on the DC bus *** with conventional methods,potential current limit failure and distortions under asymmetric faults can also be ***,experiments verify feasibility of the proposed method.

关键词： Bidirectional interlinking converter current limiting fault characteristic hybrid AC/DC microgrid variation/oscillation of DC bus voltage

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An active learning framework for adversarial training of deep neural networks

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Neural Computing and Applications 2025年第9期37卷 6849-6876页

作者： Ghosh, Susmita Chatterjee, Abhiroop Fiondella, Lance Department of Computer Science and Engineering Jadavpur University Kolkata India Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Massachusetts Dartmouth United States

This article introduces a novel approach to bolster the robustness of Deep Neural Network (DNN) models against adversarial attacks named "Targeted Adversarial Resilience Learning (TARL)". The initial evaluation of a baseline DNN model reveals a significant accuracy decline when subjected to adversarial examples generated through techniques like FGSM, PGD, Carlini Wagner, and DeepFool attacks. To address this vulnerability, the article proposes an active learning framework, wherein the model iteratively identifies and learns from the most uncertain and misclassified instances. The key components of this approach include uncertainty estimation score in predicting the class of the input sample, selecting challenging samples based on this uncertainty score, labeling these challenging examples and augmenting them into the training set, and thereafter retraining the model with the expanded training set. The iterative active learning process, governed by parameters such as the number of iterations and batch size, demonstrates the potential to systematically enhance the resilience of DNN against adversarial threats. The proposed methodology has been investigated on several popular datasets such as the SARS-CoV-2 CT scan, MNIST, CIFAR-10, and Caltech-101, and demonstrated to be effective. Experiments illustrate that the learning framework improves the adversarial accuracies from 17.4% to 98.71% for the SARS-CoV-2 dataset, from 8.4% to 99.89% for the MNIST dataset, 1.6% to 78.84% for the CIFAR-10, and 12% to 92.92% for Caltech-101. Further, comparative analysis with several state-of-the-art methods suggests that the proposed framework offers superior defense against various attack methods and offers promising defensive mechanisms to deep neural networks. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Active learning

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Combining electron microscopy with atomic-scale calculations——A personal perspective

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第12期33卷 3-12页

作者： Sokrates T.Pantelides Department of Physics and Astronomy and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennessee 37235USA

I had the privilege and the pleasure to work closely with Stephen J. Pennycook for about twenty years, having a group of post-docs and Vanderbilt-University graduate students embedded in his electron microscopy group at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, spending on average a day per week there. We combined atomic-resolution imaging of materials,electron-energy-loss spectroscopy, and density-functional-theory calculations to explore and elucidate diverse materials phenomena, often resolving long-standing issues. This paper is a personal perspective of that journey, highlighting a few examples to illustrate the power of combining theory and microscopy and closing with an assessment of future prospects.

关键词： electron microscopy EELS density-functional-theory calculations

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Distributed Energy Bank Optimization Towards Outage Aware Sustainable Cellular Networks

IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Computing

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IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Computing 2024年第3期10卷 503-514页

作者： Balakrishnan, Ashutosh De, Swades Wang, Li-Chun Delhi Department of Electrical Engineering New Delhi India IIT Delhi Department of Electrical Engineering Bharti School of Telecommunication New Delhi India Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Taiwan

Grid connected and solar powered base stations (BSs) acting as distributed energy sources are increasingly becoming a popular solution to mobile operators. These networks experience double stochasticity due to the space-time variations in energy harvest and BS traffic. Hence, accurate and efficient green energy outage estimation in such networks is a challenging task. In this work, we propose a complutationally efficient cooperative energy transfer based distributed energy bank strategy to alleviate green energy outage and design energy sustainable networks. We first develop low-complexity Markovian frameworks to estimate green energy outage in a standalone BS without energy cooperation (WEC) and a multi-BS energy-cooperative (EC) setting, respectively. For the WEC system, we present a computationally efficient three-state discrete time Markovian statistical model, while the multi-BS EC framework is characterized by a two-state Markov model. The energy outage is studied as a function of capital expenditure (CAPEX), manifesting engineering insights from a service provider's perspective. Subsequently for the EC framework, we formulate a CAPEX optimization problem by jointly optimizing the BS cluster size and solar provisioning on individual BSs. Our results demonstrate that the proposed EC framework alleviates the green energy outage significantly, providing computational efficiency gains and CAPEX savings over the state-of-art approaches. © 2016 IEEE.

关键词： Batteries Green Energy Computational Modeling Power Demand Green Products Computational Efficiency Sustainable Development Green Computing Estimation Energy Exchange Cooperative Energy Transfer Computation Efficiency Energy Sustainability Solar Powered Base Station Traffic Energy Imbalance Network Of Cells Energy Source Optimization Problem Computational Efficiency Renewable Energy Energy Transfer Base Station Energy Harvesting Solar Power Capital Expenditure Three State Model Energy Cooperation Skewness Intermediate State Transition Probabilities Power Grid Average Energy Energy Deficit Probabilistic Analysis Sustainability Performance Net Energy Outage Probability Battery Level Photovoltaic Panels Consecutive Hours Discrete Time Markov Chain Solar Harvesting Outage Performance Depth Of Discharge Upcoming Sections

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Impact of Different Integration Times on Distributions of Rain Rates for Predictions of Rain Attenuation

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Progress in Electromagnetics Research C 2025年 154卷 229-238页

作者： Hassan, Mohammad Rofiqul Rafiqul, Islam Md. Habaebi, Mohamed Hadi Suriza, Ahmad Zabidi Badron, Khairayu Budalal, Asma Ali Mahfuz, Md. Mahmudul Hasan Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering International Islamic University Malaysia Jalan Gombak Kuala Lumpur53100 Malaysia College of Electrical and Electronics Technology Benghazi Libya Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Concordia University Canada

All wireless communication systems are moving towards higher and higher frequencies day by day which are severely attenuated by rains in outdoor environment. To design a reliable RF system, an accurate prediction method of rain attenuation is established and used globally based on local rain intensity measurement. Required rain intensity used for attenuation prediction is generally measured at a point with 1-min integration time or converted from higher integration time to 1-min. Recent measurements of rain intensity with a 10-second integration time indicate that intensity is not uniform over a 1-minute duration. Consequently, the statistics of rain intensity distribution and attenuation predictions are influenced by measurements with integration times shorter than 1 minute. It has been established that an integration time of 0.01% provides the optimal fit for actual rain rate data. This paper presents the rain intensity distributions from data measured with 2-min, 1-min, 30-sec, 20-sec, and 10-sec integration times, and it has impact on rain rate distributions as well as rain attenuation predictions. © 2025, Electromagnetics Academy. All rights reserved.

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Transparent OLED displays for selective bidirectional viewing using ZnO/Yb:Ag cathode with highly smooth and low-barrier surface

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Light(Science & Applications) 2025年第3期14卷 673-683页

作者： Eun-young Choi Sung-Cheon Kang Kanghoon Kim Su-Hyeon Lee Jeong-Beom Kim Jang-Kun Song Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon-siRepublicof Korea Department of Semiconductor and Display Engineering Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon-siRepublicof Korea

Transparent organic light-emitting diode(TrOLED)displays represent cutting-edge technology posed to significantly enhance user *** study addresses two pivotal challenges in TrOLED ***,we focus on the innovation of transparent cathodes,a fundamental component in TrOLEDs,by introducing a ZnO/Yb:Ag *** cathode employs a combination of seed layer and metal doping techniques to achieve a highly uniform surface morphology and a low surface energy *** optimized Yb:Ag cathode on ZnO,with a mere thickness of 15 nm,exhibits remarkable properties:an extremely low surface roughness of 0.52 nm,sheet resistance of 11.6Ω γ^(-1),an optical transmittance of 86.7%at 510 nm,and tunable work function(here,optimized to be 3.86 eV),ensuring superior electron injection ***,we propose a novel TrOLED pixel structure that features selective bidirectional viewing,allowing different types of information to be selectively displayed on each side while preserving overall transparency and minimizing pixel *** design innovation distinguishes itself from conventional TrOLEDs that display images on only one *** bidirectional TrOLED design not only enhances openness and esthetic appeal but also holds promise for diverse applications across various user environments.

关键词： transparent OLED displays transparent cathodesa troled displays significantly enhance user experiencethis selective bidirectional viewing ZNO Yb Ag cathode low barrier surface highly smooth surface

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A novel interpolation consistency for bad generative adversarial networks (IC-BGAN)

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2024年第38期83卷 86161-86205页

作者： Iraji, Mohammad Saber Tanha, Jafar Balafar, Mohammad-Ali Feizi-Derakhshi, Mohammad-Reza Department of Computer Engineering Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Tabriz Tabriz Iran

Semi-supervised learning techniques utilize both labeled and unlabeled images to enhance classification performance in scenarios where labeled images are limited. However, challenges such as integrating unlabeled images with incorrect pseudo-labels, determining appropriate thresholds for the pseudo-labels, and label prediction fluctuations on low-confidence unlabeled images, hinder the effectiveness of existing methods. This research introduces a novel framework named Interpolation Consistency for Bad Generative Adversarial Networks (IC-BGAN) that utilizes a new loss function. The proposed model combines bad adversarial training, fusion techniques, and regularization to address the limitations of semi-supervised learning. IC-BGAN creates three types of image augmentations and label consistency regularization in interpolation of bad fake images, real and bad fake images, and unlabeled images. It demonstrates linear interpolation behavior, reducing fluctuations in predictions, improving stability, and facilitating the identification of decision boundaries in low-density areas. The regularization techniques boost the discriminative capability of the classifier and discriminator, and send a better signal to the bad generator. This improves the generalization and the generation of diverse inter-class fake images as support vectors with information near the true decision boundary, which helps to correct the pseudo-labeling of unlabeled images. The proposed approach achieves notable improvements in error rate from 2.87 to 1.47 on the Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology (MNIST) dataset, 3.59 to 3.13 on the Street View House Numbers (SVHN) dataset, and 12.13 to 9.59 on the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, 10 classes (CIFAR-10) dataset using 1000 labeled training images. Additionally, it reduces the error rate from 22.11 to 18.40 on the CINIC-10 dataset when using 700 labeled images per class. The experiments demonstrate the IC-BGAN framework outp

关键词： Generative adversarial networks

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Cumulative Capacity Credit Estimation for Renewable Energy Projects

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2024年第5期12卷 1643-1651页

作者： Arif S.Malik Majid A.Al Umairi the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Sultan Qaboos UniversityAl-Khod 123Oman Oman Electricity Transmission Company MuscatOman Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Sultan Qaboos UniversityAl-Khod 123Oman

This paper presents a novel method for accurately estimating the cumulative capacity credit(CCC)of renewable energy(RE)*** data from the main interconnected system(MIS)of Oman for 2028,where a substantial increase in RE generation is anticipated,the method is introduced alongside the traditional effective load carrying capability(ELCC)*** ensure its robustness,we compare CCC results with ELCC calculations using two distinct standards of reliability criteria:loss of load hours(LOLH)at 24 hour/year and 2.4 hour/*** method consistently gives accurate results,emphasizing its exceptional accuracy,efficiency,and simplicity.A notable feature of the method is its independence from loss of load probability(LOLP)calculations and the iterative procedures associated with analytic-based reliability ***,it relies solely on readily available data such as annual hourly load profiles and hourly generation data from integrated RE *** innovation is of particular significance to prospective independent power producers(IPPs)in the RE sector,offering them a valuable tool for estimating capacity credits without the need for sensitive generating unit forced outage rate data,often restricted by privacy concerns.

关键词： Effective load carrying capability renewable energy resource capacity credit generation system reliability loss of load probability

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