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Reduced-Order Consensus Protocols with Pure Relative Output: Design, Existence, and Dual Results

IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control 2025年

作者： Ma, Yuwen Li, Xianwei Li, Shaoyuan Lin, Zongli Shanghai Jiao Tong University Department of Automation Shanghai200240 China State Key Laboratory of Submarine Geoscience China Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing Ministry of Education of China Shanghai200240 China University of Virginia Charles L. Brown Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering CharlottesvilleVA22904 United States

This paper studies reduced-order dynamic consensus protocols for homogeneous linear multi-agent systems using pure relative output information. By applying H∞ control theory, a separation principle-like method with an additional small-gain constraint is proposed for designing an (nx-nu)th order protocol, where nx and nu are the numbers of states and inputs of each agent, respectively. Existence conditions for the protocol are then systematically discussed from the graph, low gain and high gain perspectives, respectively. It is revealed that the protocol always exists and can be found by the proposed design method for three cases: 1) directed acyclic networks, 2) agents with all eigenvalues in the closed left-half complex plane and 3) agents of minimum phase. Another reduced-order protocol of (nx - ny)th order is further discussed through duality. Finally, a numerical example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. © 1963-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Robust control

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Optimizing Foundation Model Inference on a Many-Tiny-Core Open-Source RISC-V Platform

IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Artificial Int...

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IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Artificial Intelligence 2024年第1期1卷 37-52页

作者： Viviane Potocnik Luca Colagrande Tim Fischer Luca Bertaccini Daniele Jahier Pagliari Alessio Burrello Luca Benini Integrated Systems Laboratory (IIS) of ETH Zürich ETZ Züurich Switzerland Department of Control and Computer Engineering Politecnico di Torino Turin Italy Department of Electrical Electronic and Information Engineering University of Bologna Bologna Italy

Transformer-based foundation models have become crucial for various domains, most notably natural language processing (NLP) or computer vision (CV). These models are predominantly deployed on high-performance GPUs or hardwired accelerators with highly customized, proprietary instruction sets. Until now, limited attention has been given to RISC-V-based general-purpose platforms. In our work, we present the first inference results of transformer models on an open-source many-tiny-core RISC-V platform implementing distributed Softmax primitives and leveraging ISA extensions for SIMD floating-point operand streaming and instruction repetition, as well as specialized DMA engines to minimize costly main memory accesses and to tolerate their latency. We focus on two foundational transformer topologies, encoder-only and decoder-only models. For encoder-only models, we demonstrate a speedup of up to 12.8 $\times$ between the most optimized implementation and the baseline version. We reach over 79% FPU utilization and 294 GFLOPS/W, outperforming State-of-the-Art (SoA) accelerators by more than 2 $\times$ utilizing the HW platform while achieving comparable throughput per computational unit. For decoder-only topologies, we achieve 16.1 $\times$ speedup in the Non-Autoregressive (NAR) mode and up to 35.6 $\times$ speedup in the Autoregressive (AR) mode compared to the baseline implementation. Compared to the best SoA dedicated accelerator, we achieve 2.04 $\times$ higher FPU utilization.

关键词： Frequency modulation Transformers computer architecture Computational modeling Kernel Artificial intelligence Hardware

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Another Lattice Attack Against ECDSA with the wNAF to Recover More Bits per Signature 1

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18th EAI International Conference on Security and Privacy in Communication Networks, SecureComm 2022

作者： Ma, Ziqiang Li, Shuaigang Lin, Jingqiang Cai, Quanwei Fan, Shuqin Zhang, Fan Luo, Bo School of Information Engineering Ningxia University Yinchuan China State Key Laboratory of Information Security Institute of Information Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China School of Cyber Security University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China State Key Laboratory of Cryptology Beijing China School of Cyber Science and Technology College of Computer Science and Technology Zhejiang University Hangzhou310027 China Key Laboratory of Blockchain and Cyberspace Governance of Zhejiang Province Hangzhou310027 China Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Kansas Lawrence United States

ISBN: (数字)9783031255380

ISBN: (纸本)9783031255373

In the resource-constrained environment such as the Internet of Things, the windowed Non-Adjacent-Form (wNAF) representation is usually used to improve the calculation speed of the scalar multiplication of ECDSA. This paper presents a practical cache side channel attack on ECDSA implementations which use wNAF representation. Compared with existing works, our method exploits more information from the cache side channels, which is then efficiently used to construct lattice attacks in the ECDSA private key recovery. First, we additionally monitor the invert function which is related to the sign of the wNAF digits, and obtain a Double-Add-Invert chain through the Flush+Flush cache side channel. Then, we develop effective methods extracting 154.2 bits information of the ephemeral key per signature for 256-bit ECDSA from this chain, much more than the best known result which extracts 105.8 bits per signature. Finally, to efficiently use the extracted information, we convert the problem of recovering the private key to the Hidden Number Problem (HNP) and the Extended Hidden Number Problem (EHNP) respectively, which are solved by lattice reduction algorithms. We applied the attack on ECDSA with the secp256k1 curve in OpenSSL 1.1.0h. The experimental results show that only 3 signatures are enough to recover the private key. To the best of our knowledge, this work exploits the signs of the wNAF representation, along with the Double-Add chain against ECDSA, to recover the private key with the least number of signatures. © 2023, ICST Institute for computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications engineering.

关键词： Side channel attack

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SCFformer: a binary data hiding method against JPEG compression based on spatial channel fusion Transformer

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Frontiers of information Technology and Electronic engineering 2025年第5期26卷 728-741页

作者： Duan, Xintao Li, Chun Wei, Bingxin Wu, Guoming Qin, Chuan Nam, Haewoon School of Computer and Information Engineering Henan Normal University Xinxiang453007 China Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence Henan Normal University Xinxiang453007 China Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Hanyang University Ansan15588 Korea Republic of School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai200093 China

To enhance information security during transmission over public channels, images are frequently employed for binary data hiding. Nonetheless, data are vulnerable to distortion due to Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) compression, leading to challenges in recovering the original binary data. Addressing this issue, this paper introduces a pioneering method for binary data hiding that leverages a combined spatial and channel attention Transformer, termed SCFformer, to withstand JPEG compression. This method employs a novel discrete cosine transform (DCT) quantization truncation mechanism during the hiding phase to bolster the stego image’s resistance to JPEG compression, using spatial and channel attention to conceal information in less perceptible areas, thereby enhancing the model’s resistance to steganalysis. In the extraction phase, the DCT quantization minimizes secret image loss during compression, facilitating easier information retrieval. The incorporation of scalable modules adds flexibility, allowing for variable-capacity data hiding. Experimental findings validate the high security, large capacity, and high flexibility of our scheme, alongside a marked improvement in binary data recovery post-JPEG compression, underscoring our method’s leading-edge performance. © Zhejiang University Press 2025.

关键词： Discrete cosine transforms

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Evaluation of the Bluetooth-based Proximity Estimation for Automatic Exposure Determination 19

Evaluation of the Bluetooth-based Proximity Estimation for A...

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19th IEEE Annual Consumer Communications and Networking Conference, CCNC 2022

作者： Sayrafian, Kamran Cloteaux, Brian Marbukh, Vladimir Emiyah, Christian National Institute of Standards and Technology Information Technology Laboratory GaithersburgMD United States Morgan State University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering BaltimoreMD United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781665431620

A commonly used methodology to estimate the proximity of two individuals in an automatic exposure notification system uses the signal strength of the Bluetooth signal from their mobile phones. However, there is an underlying error in Bluetooth-based proximity detection that can result in wrong exposure decisions. A wrong decision in the exposure determination leads to two types of errors: false negatives and false positives. A false negative occurs when an exposed individual is incorrectly identified as not exposed. Similarly, a false positive occurs when a non-exposed individual is mistakenly identified as exposed. Both errors have costly implications and can ultimately determine the effectiveness of Bluetooth-based automatic exposure notification in containment of pandemics such as COVID-19. In this paper, we present a platform that allows for the analysis of the system performance under various parameters. This platform enables us to gain a better understanding on how the underlying technology error propagates through the contact tracing system. Preliminary results show the considerable impact of the Bluetooth-based proximity estimation error on false exposure determination. Alternatively, using this platform, analysis can be performed to determine the acceptable accuracy level of a proximity detection mechanism in order to have a more effective contact tracing solution. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Bluetooth

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Covert and Reliable Semantic Communication Against Cross-Layer Privacy Inference over Wireless Edge Networks

Covert and Reliable Semantic Communication Against Cross-Lay...

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IEEE Conference on Wireless Communications and Networking

作者： Rui Xu Gaolei Li Zhaohui Yang Mingzhe Chen Yuchen Liu Jianhua Li School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Integrated Administration Technologies for Information Security Shanghai China College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou China Electrical and Computer Engineering Department University of Miami USA Department of Computer Science NC State University USA

ISBN: (数字)9798350303582

ISBN: (纸本)9798350303599

Semantic communication has emerged as a revolutionary paradigm within wireless edge networks, showcasing remarkable communication efficiency. In contrast to traditional bit-level communication systems, semantic communication systems exhibit superior effectiveness and precision, particularly in scenarios characterized by low signal-to-noise ratios (SNR). Nonetheless, the privacy of semantic communication poses a critical challenge that demands attention. Once the attacker intercepts the semantic information through continuous eaves-dropping, the private data would be leaked under adversarial environment. Moreover, in low SNR scenario, joint optimization of anti -eavesdropping and privacy reconstruction has not yet been studied, coupled with the intricate nature of designing a cross-layer semantic protection strategy. To address this concern, this paper presents a covert and reliable semantic communication (CRSC) framework via full-duplex receiver to counter continuous eavesdropper by concealing the entire transmission process. Furthermore, a newly-defined metric, namely covert semantic throughput (CST), is introduced to quantify the system's performance. Furthermore, we formulate the maximization of average CST during the semantic transmission period as a multi-constraint optimization problem. Subsequently, we propose a reinforcement learning (RL)-empowered adaptation algorithm to address the formulated problem. Through simulation results, the effectiveness and feasibility of proposed CRSC framework are demonstrated, with an observed maximum average CST improvement of up to 42% compared to conventional communication systems in the low SNR scenario.

关键词： Wireless communication Measurement Simulation Semantics Reinforcement learning Receivers Throughput

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SiC Trench MOSFET with N-base Super Barrier Rectifier Embedded for Optimizing Reverse Characteristic

SiC Trench MOSFET with N-base Super Barrier Rectifier Embedd...

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2021 IEEE International Conference on Integrated Circuits, Technologies and Applications, ICTA 2021

作者： Deng, Zhengxun Li, Xiaojin Sun, Yabin Shi, Yanling East China Normal University Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multidimensional Information Processing Department of Electrical Engineering Shanghai200241 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781665417471

A novel double trench SiC MOSFET embedded with N-base super barrier rectifier (NSBR-DTMOS) is proposed in this paper. The NSBR-DTMOS exhibits its diode turn on voltage (VF) half lower than that of body diode. With the super barrier rectifier (SBR) embedded as the freewheeling diode, the bipolar degradation phenomena caused by the body diode is eliminated successfully. Compared with the conventional DTMOS, the gate-to-drain capacitance (CGD) and gate-drain charge (QGD) are reduced by half, at the cost of the specific ON-resistance (Ron) increases by 9% only. As a result, the figures of merit Ron×QG and Ron×QGD are improved by 45% and 54% respectively. © 2021 IEEE.

关键词： Diodes

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Graphene Bridge Heterostructure Devices for Negative Differential Transconductance Circuit Applications

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Nano-Micro Letters 2023年第2期15卷 161-171页

作者： Minjong Lee Tae Wook Kim Chang Yong Park Kimoon Lee Takashi Taniguchi Kenji Watanabe Min‑gu Kim Do Kyung Hwang Young Tack Lee Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Inha UniversityIncheon 22212Republic of Korea Department of Materials Science and Engineering The University of Texas at DallasRichardsonTX 75080USA Center for Opto‑Electronic Materials and Devices Post‑Silicon Semiconductor InstituteKorea Institute of Science and Technology(KIST)Seoul 02792Republic of Korea Department of Physics Kunsan National UniversityGunsan 54150Republic of Korea Advanced Materials Laboratory National Institute for Materials ScienceTsukuba 305‑0044Japan Department of Information and Communication Engineering Inha UniversityIncheon 22212Republic of Korea Division of Nanoscience and Technology KIST SchoolUniversity of Science and Technology(UST)Seoul 02792Republic of Korea Department of Electronic Engineering Inha UniversityIncheon 22212Republic of Korea

Two-dimensional van der Waals(2D vdW)material-based heterostructure devices have been widely studied for high-end electronic applications owing to their heterojunction *** this study,we demonstrate graphene(Gr)-bridge heterostructure devices consisting of laterally series-connected ambipolar semiconductor/Gr-bridge/n-type molybdenum disulfide as a channel material for field-effect transistors(FET).Unlike conventional FET operation,our Gr-bridge devices exhibit nonclassical transfer characteristics(humped transfer curve),thus possessing a negative differential *** phenomena are interpreted as the operating behavior in two series-connected FETs,and they result from the gate-tunable contact capacity of the Gr-bridge ***-value logic inverters and frequency tripler circuits are successfully demonstrated using ambipolar semiconductors with narrow-and wide-bandgap materials as more advanced circuit applications based on non-classical transfer ***,we believe that our innovative and straightforward device structure engineering will be a promising technique for future multi-functional circuit applications of 2D nanoelectronics.

关键词： Graphene bridge Heterostructure device Non-classical transfer characteristics Multi-value logic inverter Frequency tripler

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Active Grammatical Inference for Non-Markovian Planning 32

Active Grammatical Inference for Non-Markovian Planning

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32nd International Conference on Automated Planning and Scheduling, ICAPS 2022

作者： Topper, Noah Atia, George Trivedi, Ashutosh Velasquez, Alvaro Department of Computer Science University of Central Florida United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Central Florida United States Department of Computer Science University of Colorado Boulder United States Information Directorate Air Force Research Laboratory United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781577358749

Planning in finite stochastic environments is canonically posed as a Markov decision process where the transition and reward structures are explicitly known. Reinforcement learning (RL) lifts the explicitness assumption by working with sampling models instead. Further, with the advent of reward machines, we can relax the Markovian assumption on the reward. Angluin's active grammatical inference algorithm L∗ has found novel application in explicating reward machines for non-Markovian RL. We propose maintaining the assumption of explicit transition dynamics, but with an implicit non-Markovian reward signal, which must be inferred from experiments. We call this setting non-Markovian planning, as opposed to non-Markovian RL. The proposed approach leverages L∗ to explicate an automaton structure for the underlying planning objective. We exploit the environment model to learn an automaton faster and integrate it with value iteration to accelerate the planning. We compare against recent non-Markovian RL solutions which leverage grammatical inference, and establish complexity results that illustrate the difference in runtime between grammatical inference in planning and RL settings. © 2022, Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence.

关键词： Reinforcement learning

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Automation 5.0: The Key to Systems Intelligence and Industry 5.0

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2024年第8期11卷 1723-1727页

作者： Ljubo Vlacic Hailong Huang Mariagrazia Dotoli Yutong Wang Petros A.Ioannou Lili Fan Xingxia Wang Raffaele Carli Chen Lv Lingxi Li Xiaoxiang Na Qing-Long Han Fei-Yue Wang Institute of Intelligent and Integrated Systems and the School of Engineering and Built Environment Griffith UniversityNathanQLD 4111Australia Department of Aeronautical and Aviation Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina Department of Electrical and Information Engineering Polytechnic of Bari70126 BariItaly State Key Laboratory of Multimodal Artificial Intelligence Systems Institute of AutomationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190and also with the Qingdao Academy of Intelligent IndustriesQingdao 266114China Department of Electrical Engineering-Systems University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90007 USA School of Automation Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China State Key Laboratory of Multimodal Artificial Intelligence Systems Institute of AutomationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190 School of Artificial Intelligence University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049 Beijing Huairou Academy of Parallel Sensing Beijing 101499China School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 639798Singapore Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Purdue School of Engineering and TechnologyIndiana University-Purdue University IndianapolisIndianapolisIN 46202 USA Department of Engineering University of CambridgeCB21TN CambridgeU.K. School of Science Computing and Engineering TechnologiesSwinburne University of TechnologyMelbourne VIC 3122Australia State Key Laboratory for Management and Control of Complex Systems Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190 School of Artificial Intelligence University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Dazhou Artificial Intelligence Institute Dazhouand the Faculty of Innovation EngineeringMacao University of Science and TechnologyMacao 999078China

AUTOMATION has come a long way since the early days of mechanization,i.e.,the process of working exclusively by hand or using animals to work with *** rise of steam engines and water wheels represented the first generation of industry,which is now called Industry Citation:***,***,***,***,***,***,***,***,***,***,***,Q.-***,and F.-***,“Automation 5.0:The key to systems intelligence and Industry 5.0,”IEEE/CAA ***,vol.11,no.8,pp.1723-1727,Aug.2024.

关键词： Automation machinery intelligence

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