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International Conference on Control and Automation (ICCA)

作者： Peng Lv Guangqing Luo Zhou He Xianwei Li Xiang Yin Department of Automation Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China School of Electrical and Control Engineering Shaanxi University of Science and Technology Xi'an China

ISBN: (数字)9798350354409

ISBN: (纸本)9798350354416

In recent years, reinforcement learning techniques have gained widespread application in control synthesis. However, in the context of safety-critical systems, employing trial-and-error based reinforcement learning may be unacceptable due to the potential risks it poses during the learning process. Consequently, the development of safe reinforcement learning techniques has become imperative. This paper addresses the challenge of safe reinforcement learning for controller synthesis, particularly when safety specifications are intricately linked to the real-time behavior of the system. To articulate time-sensitive requirements, we leverage Metric Interval Temporal Logic (MITL). To ensure safety throughout the learning process, we introduce an additional reactive controller called a shield. Specifically, the shield functions to reject any behavior that violates the real-time specifications, thus mitigating potential risks. The efficacy of our proposed approach is demonstrated through simulation results, highlighting its ability to satisfy safety constraints in the dynamic environment of controller synthesis.

关键词： Measurement Heuristic algorithms Simulation Process control Reinforcement learning Real-time systems Safety

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Evaluation of Homomorphic Encryption for Privacy in Principal Component Analysis

Evaluation of Homomorphic Encryption for Privacy in Principa...

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IEEE International Conference on Electro-information Technology

作者： David Arnold Jafar Saniie Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Embedded Computing and Signal Processing (ECASP) Research Laboratory Illinois Institute of Technology Chicago IL U.S.A.

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a versatile Unsupervised Learning (UL) technique for reducing the dimensionality of datasets. As a result, PCA is widely used in consumer and research applications as a preprocessing tool for identifying important features prior to further analysis. In instances where on-site personnel or developers do not have the expertise to apply UL techniques, third party processors are frequently retained. However, the release of client or proprietary data poses a substantial security risk. This risk increases the regulatory and contractual burden on analysts when interacting with sensitive or classified information. Homomorphic Encryption (HE) cryptosystems are a novel family of encryption algorithms that permit approximate addition and multiplication on encrypted data. When applied to UL models, such as PCA, experts may apply their expertise while maintaining data privacy. In order to evaluate the potential application of Homomorphic Encryption, we implemented Principal Component Analysis using the Microsoft SEAL HE libraries. The resulting implementation was applied to the MNIST Handwritten dataset for feature reduction and image reconstruction. Based on our results, HE considerably increased the time required to process the dataset. However, the HE algorithm is still viable for non-real-time applications as it had an average pixel error of near-zero for all image reconstructions.

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Data Compression for Ultrasonic Microstructure Scattering Signals using Unsupervised Neural Networks

Data Compression for Ultrasonic Microstructure Scattering Si...

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IEEE Symposium (IUS) Ultrasonics

作者： Xin Zhang Jafar Saniie Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Embedded Computing and Signal Processing (ECASP) Research Laboratory Illinois Institute of Technology Chicago Illinois U.S.A.

Ultrasonic Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) has been extensively used to characterize the microstructure of metallic structures for early exposure of materials integrity. However, industrial NDE requires the processing, storage, and real-time transmission of large volumes of ultrasonic data. Therefore, it is indispensable to compress ultrasonic data with high fidelity. In this study, we explore the development of Unsupervised Learning (UL) based Neural Network (NN) models for massive ultrasonic data compression and an innovative multilayer perceptron residual autoencoder: Ultrasonic Residual Compressive Autoencoder (URCA), is introduced to compress ultrasonic data with high compression performance. This URCA can be fast-trained and utilizes the sparsity penalty with residual connection to optimize compression performance. UL-based NNs allow for memory-efficient training and rapid online augmentation of the model. To examine the results, a high-performance ultrasonic signal acquisition system was assembled to automatically collect ultrasonic data from heat-treated 1,018 steel blocks for microstructure characterization. Compression performance is analyzed based on compression ratio, reconstruction accuracy and model training time. The reconstruction accuracy was measured using the Structural Similarity Index Measure (SSIM) and Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR). By training the URCA NN for a high reconstruction performance of 0.96 SSIM, we obtained 91.25% memory space-saving. For a higher compression performance of 0.80 SSIM, we obtained 96.04% memory space-saving.

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Low-Complexity Markov Chain Monte Carlo Detector for Single-Carrier Underwater Acoustic Communications

Low-Complexity Markov Chain Monte Carlo Detector for Single-...

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2023 MTS/IEEE U.S. Gulf Coast, OCEANS 2023

作者： Zhang, Zhiheng Tao, Jun Yang, Le Huang, Weimin School of Information Science and Engineering Southeast University Nanjing210096 China Pengcheng Laboratory Shenzhen518000 China University of Canterbury Department of Ece Christchurch8020 New Zealand Memorial University of Newfoundland Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering St. John'sNL A1B 3X5 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9798218142186

Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) technique is an approximate Bayesian inference method and generally outperforms linear estimation. It has been adopted to realize channel estimation and symbol detection in underwater acoustic (UWA) communications. Despite its better performance, the high complexity limits its practical applications. To address this issue, we propose a low-complexity MCMC detector based on Gibbs sampling in this paper. The key idea is to utilize the reliability information in the Gibbs sampler. Specifically, when a bit is believed to be sufficiently reliable, it will be fixed, instead of being sampled and possibly modified in the remaining iterations. The proposed scheme is evaluated using both numerical simulations and experimental data collected in an at-sea UWA communication experiment conducted at Xiamen, China in 2019. The new method exhibits significant complexity reduction at the cost of slight performance degradation. © 2023 The Marine Technology Society (MTS).

关键词： Underwater acoustic communication

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Sub-Loc:predicting protein sub-mitochondrial localization based on sequence embedding

Sub-Loc:predicting protein sub-mitochondrial localization ba...

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2022 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine, BIBM 2022

作者： Wang, Xiaoting Wang, Juan Bian, Haodong Guo, Maozu Inner Mongolia University Ecological Big Data Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education School of Computer Science Hohhot China Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture School of Electrical and Information Engineering Beijing100044 China Beijing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Processing for Building Big Data Beijing100044 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781665468190

Mitochondria are subcellular organelles existing in most eukaryotic organisms. They have a pivotal role in lots of bio-chemical processes for cells. Proteins in different compartments of mitochondria have their transport routes. Locating proteins in mitochondria can provide a solid foundation for mitochondrial pathologies. So far, there have been several computational methods for solving the issue. However, their accuracy is so low that they do not identify the localization precisely. We develop an unsupervised learning model to represent mitochondrial proteins as n-dimensional vectors, called sequence embedding, which can learn the global and context information from mitochondrial proteins. We design a new model, called Sub-Loc, to predict the sub-mitochondrial localization of proteins using the SVM classifier and the sequence embedding method. The sequence embedding method and the Sub-Loc are tested by experiments. Experimental results show the sequence embedding method remarkably enhances the performance of prediction for sub-mitochondrial localization of proteins compared with other feature representations. The Sub-Loc outperforms other approaches for predicting sub-mitochondrial localization of proteins. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Support vector machines

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System-on-Chip Design for Fast Ultrasonic Chirplet Signal Decomposition Algorithm

System-on-Chip Design for Fast Ultrasonic Chirplet Signal De...

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IEEE Symposium (IUS) Ultrasonics

作者： Tianyang Fang Austin Fite Mikhail Gromov Jafar Saniie Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Embedded Computing and Signal Processing (ECASP) Research Laboratory Illinois Institute of Technology Chicago IL U.S.A.

Decomposition and characterization of backscattered ultrasonic multiple interfering echoes is a critical step for analyzing the ultrasonic propagation path, propagation modes, coupling condition of the transducers and detecting defects within the propagation path. Chirplet Signal Decomposition (CSD) is an efficient way of analyzing ultrasonic echoes. However, CSD is computationally expensive and time-consuming for real-time signal processing applications. To address this problem, we present a System-on-Chip (SoC) implementation of the CSD algorithm, with the goal of speed optimization and real-time execution without sacrificing the accuracy of the signal decomposition and reconstruction. The implementation was tested on a Zynq Ultrascale+ series FPGA and achieved an echo estimation within two milliseconds.

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Enhanced Cross-Modality MRI Segmentation Using Dilated Convolutions and Multi-Scale Gradient Map

Enhanced Cross-Modality MRI Segmentation Using Dilated Convo...

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International computer Science and engineering Conference (ICSEC)

作者： Ghulam Murtaza Charnchai Pluempitiwiriyawej Somkiat Wangsiripitak Mohammad Jawad Fareed Mudassar Khalid Department of Electrical Engineering Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand Department of Electrical Engineering Multimedia Data Analytics and Processing Research Unit Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand Machine Intelligence and Vision Laboratory School of Information Technology King Mongkut’s Insittute of Technology Ladkrabang Thailand

ISBN: (数字)9798350366860

ISBN: (纸本)9798350366877

In recent years, convolutional neural networks have significantly advanced image segmentation, particularly for brain images, where important edge features are automatically found. However, accurate segmentation of tumors in a brain remains a challenge across different magnetic resonance modalities, like T1, T2, T1ce, and FLAIR. Using a simple gradient map as an input to the neural networks is not effective due to variations in cross-modality image characteristics. To address this issue, we introduced multi-scale gradient maps that incorporate Holistically Nested Edge Detection (HED) and dilated convolutions into the UNet model. The HED model captures detailed gradient information, enhancing structural feature identification across modalities, while dilated convolutions expand the UNet receptive field for better contextual understanding without increasing parameters. Our method was trained and evaluated on the BraTS2018 dataset. The experimental results demonstrate significant improvements in segmentation accuracy and robustness. Specifically, our method achieved a Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC) of 0.6902 for T2 to T1ce, 0.6858 for T2 to T1, 0.4329 for FLAIR to T1, and 0.6004 for FLAIR to T1ce, outperforming previous state-of-the-art methods. This demonstrates the effectiveness of our approach in enhancing segmentation performance across different MR image modalities.

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IoT-Enabled Smart Bike Helmet with an AI-Driven Collision Avoidance System

IoT-Enabled Smart Bike Helmet with an AI-Driven Collision Av...

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IEEE International Conference on Electro-information Technology

作者： Jacob Solus Maureen Rakotondraibe Xinrui Yu Won-Jae Yi Mikhail Gromov Jafar Saniie Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Embedded Computing and Signal Processing (ECASP) Research Laboratory Illinois Institute of Technology Chicago IL U.S.A.

This paper presents a system design for a smart bike helmet with multiple safety features that are intended to empower bicycle riders to proactively avoid potential sources of danger or injury. A Smart Sensor/Actuator Node (SSAN), driven by an Arduino Uno single-board microcontroller, contains input sensors and actuators to provide riders the ability to send and receive warnings promptly on their helmet. A Vision Node, driven by an NVIDIA Jetson Nano and a cable pin-connected camera, executes AI object detection algorithms for any dangerous objects that are out of sight of the rider and sends alerts to the SSAN as needed. By combining safety features of the SSAN and Vision Node while continuously sending data to an IoT-enabled backend web server, the safety operation of a typical bike ride can be substantially improved.

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Large-Scale Radiomics Analysis for Prostate Cancer Detection Harnessing Machine and Deep Learning Models 22

Large-Scale Radiomics Analysis for Prostate Cancer Detection...

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22nd IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging, ISBI 2025

作者： Mylona, Eugenia Zaridis, Dimitrios I. Kalantzopoulos, Charalampos N. Pezoulas, Vasileios C. Tachos, Nikolaos S. Matsopoulos, George K. Regge, Daniele Papanikolaou, Nikolaos Tsiknakis, Manolis Marias, Kostas Fotiadis, Dimitrios I. Biomedical Research Institute Forth IoanninaGR 45110 Greece University of Ioannina Unit of Medical Technology Intelligent Information Systems Greece School of Electrical & Computer Engineering National Technical University of Athens Biomedical Engineering Laboratory Athens15780 Greece Candiolo Cancer Institute FPO-IRCCS Department of Radiology Strada Provinciale Candiolo Turin10060 Italy Champalimaud Foundation Computational Clinical Imaging Group Portugal Institute of Computer Science Forth Computational Biomedicine Laboratory HeraklionGR 70013 Greece Hellenic Mediterranean University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering HeraklionGR 71004 Greece

ISBN: (纸本)9798331520526

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common cancer in men, making early detection crucial for effective treatment. This study explores the efficacy of machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) models in detecting PCa lesions using radiomics features derived from multiparametric MRI data. Leveraging a dataset of 7621 retrospective and 2132 prospective cases from 12 clinical centers across Europe, we compared the performance of various ML (LASSO, Random Forest, SVM, XGBoost) and DL models (CNN, MLP, Transformer, CNN&MLP). Radiomic features were extracted and refined through a robust feature selection process. Models' performance was evaluated through nested cross-validation (CV) and externally. The CNN&MLP model achieved the highest ROC AUC (0.86) and PR AUC (0.90) in CV, while LASSO showed consistent generalization in external validation. Our findings indicate that DL models excel in high-dimensional data analysis but face challenges in generalizing to external datasets, highlighting the importance of external validation for clinical applicability. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Deep learning

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On the Equilibrium of a Class of Leader-Follower Games with Decision-Dependent Chance Constraints

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Wang, Jingxiang Wang, Zhaojian Yang, Bo Liu, Feng Guan, Xinping The Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing Ministry of Education of China The Department of Automation Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China The State Key Laboratory of Power System The Department of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China

In this paper, we study the existence of equilibrium in a single-leader-multiple-follower game with decision-dependent chance constraints (DDCCs), where decision-dependent uncertainties (DDUs) exist in the constraints of followers. DDUs refer to the uncertainties impacted by the leader’s strategy, while the leader cannot capture their exact probability distributions. To address such problems, we first use decision-dependent ambiguity sets under moment information and Cantelli’s inequality to transform DDCCs into second-order cone constraints. This simplifies the game model by eliminating the probability distributions. We further prove that there exists at least one equilibrium point for this game by applying Kakutani’s fixed-point theorem. Finally, a numerical example is provided to show the impact of DDUs on the equilibrium of such game models. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Game theory

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