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Appearance Based Dynamic Hand Gesture Recognition Using 3D Separable Convolutional Neural Network

computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第7期76卷 1213-1247页

作者： Muhammad Rizwan Sana Ul Haq Noor Gul Muhammad Asif Syed Muslim Shah Tariqullah Jan Naveed Ahmad Department of Electronics University of PeshawarPeshawar25120Pakistan Department of Electronics Engineering Korea Polytechnic UniversitySiheungKorea Department of Electrical Engineering Capital University of Science and TechnologyIslamabad44000Pakistan Department of Electrical Engineering University of Engineering and TechnologyPeshawar25120Pakistan Department of Computer Science Prince Sultan UniversityRiyadh11586Saudi Arabia

Appearance-based dynamic Hand Gesture Recognition(HGR)remains a prominent area of research in Human-computer Interaction(HCI).Numerous environmental and computational constraints limit its real-time *** addition,the performance of a model decreases as the subject’s distance from the camera *** study proposes a 3D separable Convolutional Neural Network(CNN),considering the model’s computa-tional complexity and recognition *** 20BN-Jester dataset was used to train the model for six gesture *** achieving the best offline recognition accuracy of 94.39%,the model was deployed in real-time while considering the subject’s attention,the instant of performing a gesture,and the subject’s distance from the *** being discussed in numerous research articles,the distance factor remains unresolved in real-time deployment,which leads to degraded recognition *** the proposed approach,the distance calculation substantially improves the classification performance by reducing the impact of the subject’s distance from the ***,the capability of feature extraction,degree of relevance,and statistical significance of the proposed model against other state-of-the-art models were validated using t-distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding(t-SNE),Mathew’s Correlation Coefficient(MCC),and the McNemar test,*** observed that the proposed model exhibits state-of-the-art outcomes and a comparatively high significance level.

关键词： 3D separable CNN computational complexity hand gesture recognition human-computer interaction

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Enhancing Track Management Systems with Vehicle-To-Vehicle Enabled Sensor Fusion 100

Enhancing Track Management Systems with Vehicle-To-Vehicle E...

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100th IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, VTC 2024-Fall

作者： Billington, Thomas Gwash, Ansh Kothari, Aadi Izquierdo, Lucas Talty, Timothy Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Department of Computer Science BlacksburgVA United States Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering BlacksburgVA United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798331517786

In the rapidly advancing landscape of connected and automated vehicles (CAV), the integration of Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication in traditional fusion systems presents a promising avenue for enhancing vehicle perception. Addressing current limitations with vehicle sensing, this paper proposes a novel Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) enabled track management system that leverages the synergy between V2V signals and detections from radar and camera sensors. The core innovation lies in the creation of independent priority track lists, consisting of fused detections validated through V2V communication. This approach enables more flexible and resilient thresholds for track management, particularly in scenarios with numerous occlusions where the tracked objects move outside the field of view of the perception sensors. The proposed system considers the implications of falsification of V2X signals which is combated through an initial vehicle identification process using detection from perception sensors. Presented are the fusion algorithm, simulated environments, and validation mechanisms. Experimental results demonstrate the improved accuracy and robustness of the proposed system in common driving scenarios, highlighting its potential to advance the reliability and efficiency of autonomous vehicles. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Magnetic levitation vehicles

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Compton Camera for 3D SPECT Imaging 15

Compton Camera for 3D SPECT Imaging

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15th SPIE Conference on Developments in X-Ray Tomography

作者： Liang, Yuxuan Li, Mengzhou Han, Shuo Yu, Hengyong Wang, Ge Department of Biomedical Engineering Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute 12180 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Massachusetts Lowell01854 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781510679641

Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is commonly used with radioiodine scintigraphy to evaluate patients with multiple diseases such as thyroid cancer. The clinical gamma camera for SPECT contains a mechanical collimator that greatly compromises dose efficiency and limits diagnostic performance. The Compton camera is emerging as a promising alternative for mapping the distribution of radio-pharmaceuticals in the thyroid, since the Compton camera does not require mechanical collimation and in principle does not reject gamma ray photons. In this study, a high-efficiency tomographic imaging system is designed with a Compton camera for thyroid cancer imaging. A Timepix3-based Compton camera is selected for collecting gamma photons emitted from an I-131 phantom, and the backprojection filtration algorithm is applied for image reconstruction. The results demonstrate the feasibility of the Compton camera for high efficiency SPECT imaging and also the limitations that need further efforts to address. © 2024 SPIE.

关键词： Single photon emission computed tomography

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Deep-recurrent-neural-network-based adaptive sliding mode control for a 6-DOF serial robot 22

Deep-recurrent-neural-network-based adaptive sliding mode co...

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22nd IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics, INDIN 2024

作者： Zhu, Ningyu Xie, Wen-Fang Toker, Onur Department of Mechanical Industrial and Aerospace Engineering Concordia University Montreal Canada Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Florida Polytechnic University Lakeland United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798331527471

The efficient control of serial robots in the presence of dynamic uncertainties and external disturbances is significant in many industrial applications. In this work, an adaptive sliding mode control (ASMC) approach with deep recurrent neural network (DRNN) is proposed for a 6-degree-of-freedom (6-DOF) industrial serial robot in joint space. A model-based sliding mode controller is developed to maintain the strong robustness of the robotic system. A deep recurrent neural network is designed to estimate the lumped system uncertainties in the controller. It consists of a feedforward structure through two hidden layers and a feedback loop from the output layer to the input layer, which exhibits more powerful online learning ability and dynamic property than shallow feedforward neural networks. According to Lyapunov theorem, the adaptation laws of the neural network parameters are derived, and the stability of the controller can be guaranteed. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the DRNN-based ASMC strategy regarding estimation convergence speed and trajectory tracking accuracy. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Recurrent neural networks

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Nonlinear Optimal Regulation of SIR Epidemic Model via Finite-Horizon SDRE 26

Nonlinear Optimal Regulation of SIR Epidemic Model via Finit...

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26th International Conference on computer and Information Technology, ICCIT 2023

作者： Paul, Sudipta Islam, Samiul Naidu, Desineni Subbaram Abu Hanif Pramanik, Md. Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Department of Electrical Computer & Systems Engineering New York United States Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering Bangladesh University of Minnesota Duluth Department of Electrical Engineering United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798350359015

A Susceptible-Infectious-Recovered (SIR) model is a popular and fundamental epidemiological model often used to assess the efficacy of disease prevention and control measures. SIR disease model, with the implementation of various optimal control methods, is investigated to determine the optimal ways to lessen the effects of an infectious disease. In this research work, a non-linear, closed-loop, finite-horizon, optimal regulation with state-dependent Riccati equation (FH-SDRE) is implemented in an epidemic model called SIR model with vaccination to minimize the infected and susceptible population. Given the nonlinear dynamics of the SIR epidemic model, initially, this method converts the nonlinear equations into a state-dependent coefficient (SDC) matrix, which holds the nonlinearities of the dynamical system. After that, SDRE is solved at every small time instant over a specified finite time period. The core idea here is to utilize an approximate analytical approach that transforms the differential Riccati equation (DRE) into a differential Lyapunov equation (DLE) during every time period. Then, the real-time solution of the DLE at each of these time steps will result in the control law required to achieve the desired system performance. The effectiveness of the FH-SDRE regulation for the SIR model is demonstrated by minimizing the infected and susceptible population within a desired 30-day time period. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： finite-horizon regulation SIR epidemic model state-dependent Riccati equation

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Approximately Gaussian Replicator Flows: Nonconvex Optimization as a Nash-Convergent Evolutionary Game 63

Approximately Gaussian Replicator Flows: Nonconvex Optimizat...

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63rd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, CDC 2024

作者： Anderson, Brendon G. Pfrommer, Samuel Sojoudi, Somayeh California Polytechnic State University Department of Mechanical Engineering United States University of California Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences Berkeley United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798350316339

This work leverages tools from evolutionary game theory to solve unconstrained nonconvex optimization problems. Specifically, we lift such a problem to an optimization over probability measures, whose minimizers exactly correspond to the Nash equilibria of a particular population game. To algorithmically solve for such Nash equilibria, we introduce approximately Gaussian replicator flows (AGRFs) as a tractable alternative to simulating the corresponding infinite-dimensional replicator dynamics. Our proposed AGRF dynamics can be integrated using off-the-shelf ODE solvers when considering objectives with closed-form integrals against a Gaussian measure. We theoretically analyze AGRF dynamics by explicitly characterizing their trajectories and stability on quadratic objective functions, in addition to analyzing their descent properties. Our methods are supported by illustrative experiments on a range of canonical nonconvex optimization benchmark functions. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Nash equilibrium

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Protection of Inverter-Based Resources under Open-Circuit Breaker Malfunction

Protection of Inverter-Based Resources under Open-Circuit Br...

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2024 IEEE Power and Energy Society Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference, ISGT 2024

作者： Alexander, Brady Mehrizi-Sani, Ali Mohammadhassani, Ardavan Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering BlacksburgVA24061 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798350313604

Power system protection ensures the safe and reliable delivery of electric power to customers. The increasing number of inverter-based resources (IBR) creates challenges for conventional power system protection as IBRs respond differently to faults than synchronous generators (SG). This means that protection schemes need to be modified to ensure proper power system protection. Currently, most of the proposed IBR protection schemes focus on short-circuit (SC) faults. However, open-circuit (OC) faults also occur in the power system and cause unbalanced currents, overvoltages, and degraded power quality. This paper proposes an OC fault protection scheme for an IBR connected in a transmission system. The IBR control system is studied first. The response of an IBR to an OC fault is studied next. Finally, a protection logic is proposed to detect and clear OC faults. The performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated under time-domain simulation case studies using PSCAD/EMTDC software package. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Power quality

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Memory-Based Set Point Modulation for Improved Transient Response of Distributed Energy Resources 50

Memory-Based Set Point Modulation for Improved Transient Res...

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50th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, IECON 2024

作者： Beikbabaei, Milad Alexander, Brady Venkataramanan, Ashwin Mehrizi-Sani, Ali The Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University BlacksburgVA24061 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781665464543

As the composition of the power grid evolves to integrate more renewable generation, its reliance on distributed energy resources (DER) is increasing. Existing DERs are often controlled with proportional integral (PI) controllers that, if not properly tuned or if system parameters change, exhibit sluggish performance or large overshoot. The use of set point automatic adjustment with correction-enabled (SPAACE) with a linear predictor improves the transient response of these DERs without the need to access the PI controller parameters. The limitation of the existing SPAACE method is the high sampling rate needed for improved performance, which is not always practical. This paper proposes the addition of a memory term to the SPAACE with a linear predictor. This memory term is the integral of the errors of previous samples, which adds another layer to the prediction to improve the response at lower sampling rates and further reduces the overshoot and settling time compared to the existing SPAACE method. Time-domain simulation studies are performed in PSCAD/EMTDC to show the effectiveness of the proposed controller. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Electromagnetic transients

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Substation Cyberattack Detection and Mitigation in a High-Noise Environment

Substation Cyberattack Detection and Mitigation in a High-No...

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2024 IEEE Power and Energy Society Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference, ISGT 2024

作者： Amini, Hossein Mehrizi-Sani, Ali Liu, Chen-Ching Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University The Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering BlacksburgVA24061 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798350313604

The power grid is vulnerable to cyberattacks due to the multitude of utilized communication-based devices. For example, remote terminal units (RTU) communicate commands or grid measurements. An encryption and decryption method is one way of preventing cyberattacks. However, sophisticated encryption and decryption methods can be time-consuming due to the large amount of data exchanged in a power system. This paper combines a Duffing oscillator, a time-based one-Time frequency (TOTF) algorithm, and fast Fourier transform for preventing cyberattacks. The proposed method detects when an attacker distorts data in a high-noise environment. The proposed method is validated using simulation results on a modified communication layer by enabling the quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) digital modulation method to transfer packets. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Fast Fourier transforms

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Real-Time Simulation of a Resilient Control Center for Inverter-Based Microgrids 50

Real-Time Simulation of a Resilient Control Center for Inver...

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50th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, IECON 2024

作者： Beikbabaei, Milad Mehrizi-Sani, Ali The Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Virginia Polytechnic Institute State University BlacksburgVA24061 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781665464543

The number of installed remote terminal units (RTU) is on the rise, increasing the observability and control of the power system. RTUs enable sending data to and receiving data from a control center in the power system. A distribution grid control center runs distribution management system (DMS) algorithms, where the DMS takes control actions during transients and outages, such as tripping a circuit breaker and disconnecting a controllable load to increase the resiliency of the grid. Relying on communication-based devices makes the control center vulnerable to cyberattacks, and attackers can send falsified data to the control center to cause disturbances or power outages. Previous work has conducted research on developing ways to detect a cyberattack and ways to mitigate the adverse effects of the attack. This work studies false data injection (FDI) attacks on the DMS algorithm of a fully inverter-based microgrid in real time. The fully inverter-based microgrid is simulated using an RTDS, an amplifier, an electronic load, a server, a network switch, and a router. The DMS is integrated into the server codes and exchanges data with RTDS through TCP/IP protocols. Moreover, a recurrent neural network (RNN) algorithm is used to detect and mitigate the cyberattack. The effectiveness of the detection and mitigation algorithm is tested under various scenarios using the real-time testbed. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Electric circuit breakers

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