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Euromicro Symposium on Digital System Design

作者： Alexandre S. Nery Nadia Nedjah Felipa M.G. Franca Lech Jozwiak LAM-Computer Architecture and Microelectronics Laboratory Systems Engineering and Computer Science Program COPPE Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Brazil Department of Electrical Engineering-Electronic Systems Eindhoven University of Technology Netherlands Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro RJ BR

The Ray Tracing rendering algorithm can produce high-fidelity images of 3-D scenes, including shadow effects, as well as reflections and transparencies. This is currently done at a processing speed of at most 30 frames per second. Therefore, actual implementations of the algorithm are not yet suitable for interactive real-time rendering, which is required in games and virtual reality based applications. Fortunately, the algorithm allows for massive parallelization of its computations. In this paper, we present a parallel architecture for ray tracing based on a uniform spatial subdivision of the scene and exploiting an embedded computation of ray-triangle intersections. This approach allows for a significant acceleration of intersection computations, as well as, a reduction of the total number of the required intersections checks. Furthermore, it allows for these checks to be performed in parallel and in advance for each ray. In this paper we discuss and analyze an ASIP-based implementation using FPGAs and a GPGPU-based parallel implementation of the proposed architecture. The performance of both implementations are reported and compared.

关键词： Ray tracing Graphics processing unit Instruction sets computer architecture Registers Image color analysis Hardware

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Optimization of defect hole placement in resonant cavities

Optimization of defect hole placement in resonant cavities

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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)

作者： Christopher Kang Sharon M. Weiss Yurii A. Vlasov Solomon Assefa Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Materials Science Vanderbilt University Nashville TN USA Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vanderbilt University USA IBM T.J Watson Research Center Yorktown Heights NY USA

We demonstrate the resonance wavelength and quality factor dependence of 50nm defect-hole placement within photonic crystal L3 microcavities. Proper placement of defect-holes leads to a 12% increase in photonic crysta... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781557529107

关键词： Cavity resonators Lattices Photonic crystals Optical waveguides Sensitivity Slabs Q factor

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Reducing time delays on congested road networks using social navigation

Reducing time delays on congested road networks using social...

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IEEE Forum on Integrated and Sustainable Transportation System (FISTS)

作者： Alje van den Bosch Bart van Arem Mohamed Mahmod James Misener Department of Applied Mathematics Faculty of Electrical Engineering Mathematics and Computer Science University of Twente Netherlands Partners for Advanced Transit and Highways (PATH) program University of California Berkeley USA Department of Transport and Planning at the Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences Delft University of Technnology Netherlands Centre of Transport Studies Faculty of Engineering University of Twente Enschede Netherlands

Social navigation provides drivers with an advice that aims to shift traffic flows in a network from a user equilibrium to a system optimum. The advice is based on minimizing a combination of the individual travel time and the marginal total travel time in the network. The level of altruism defines the extent to which a driver is willing to sacrifice his own travel time in favor of other drivers. Fuel consumption and CO2 emission are taking into account by converting them into time equivalent. Experimental results for a small network loosely representing the Bay area show that social navigation can reduce time delays by 10%. The reduction is positively correlated with network load, market penetration and level of altruism.

关键词： Navigation Driver circuits Vehicles Fuels Vehicle dynamics Roads Approximation methods

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Publisher’s Note: “Guided-mode-resonance-coupled plasmonic-active SiO2 nanotubes for surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy” [Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 191114 (2012)]

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Applied Physics Letters 2012年第5期101卷

作者： Xiaobin Xu Dihan Hasan Lei Wang Swapnajit Chakravarty Ray T. Chen D. L. Fan Alan X. Wang 1Materials Science and Engineering Program Texas Materials Institute University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas 78712 USA 2School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon 97331 USA 3Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics Huazhong University of Science and Technology 430074 Wuhan China 4Microelectronic Research Center University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas 78758 USA 5Omega Optics Inc. Austin Texas 78759 USA 6Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas 78712 USA

This article was originally published online on 10 May 2012 with an incorrect affiliation for co-author D. L. Fan and an incorrect footnote designation for co-a

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Handling Failures of Static Sensor Nodes in Wireless Sensor Network by Use of Mobile Sensors

Handling Failures of Static Sensor Nodes in Wireless Sensor ...

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International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications Workshops (AINAW)

作者： Edison Pignaton de Freitas Tales Heimfarth Ivayr Farah Netto Carlos Eduardo Pereira Armando Morado Ferreira Flavio Rech Wagner Tony Larsson IDE Halmstad University Halmstad Sweden Institute of Informatics Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil Computer Science Department Federal University of Lavras Lavras Brazil Electrical Engineering Department Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil Defense Engineering Graduate Program Military Institute of Engineering Rio de Janeiro Brazil

Node failures in Wireless Sensor Networks composed by static sensor nodes are common due to the nature of the sensor devices and the usually harsh environments in which they are deployed. Node failures can diminish the performance of the network as a whole, thus affecting its functionality in delivering the desired services. For instance, significant regions can become uncovered due to failure of several nearby nodes. This paper reports a study about the use of mobile sensor nodes acting in cooperation with static ones in order to fill gaps created by faulty static nodes. The proposed fault handling mechanism presents alternative policies with pros and cons, depending on the user priorities imposed to the system and the occurrence of failures. A discussion about this topic is presented based on results obtained by simulation of the proposed mechanisms.

关键词： Wireless sensor networks Mobile communication Surveillance Redundancy Sensors Proposals

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Spiking neural network decoder for brain-machine interfaces

Spiking neural network decoder for brain-machine interfaces

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International IEEE/EMBS Conference on Neural engineering, CNE

作者： Julie Dethier Vikash Gilja Paul Nuyujukian Shauki A. Elassaad Krishna V. Shenoy Kwabena Boahen Department of Bioengineering University of Stanford Stanford CA USA Department of Computer Science and Stanford Institute of Neuro-Innovation and Translational Neuroscience University of Stanford Stanford CA USA Department of Bioengineering and MSTP University of Stanford Stanford CA USA Departments of Electrical Engineering and Bioengineering Neurosciences Program University of Stanford Stanford CA USA

We used a spiking neural network (SNN) to decode neural data recorded from a 96-electrode array in premotor/motor cortex while a rhesus monkey performed a point-to-point reaching arm movement task. We mapped a Kalman-filter neural prosthetic decode algorithm developed to predict the arm's velocity on to the SNN using the Neural engineering Framework and simulated it using Nengo, a freely available software package. A 20,000-neuron network matched the standard decoder's prediction to within 0.03% (normalized by maximum arm velocity). A 1,600-neuron version of this network was within 0.27%, and run in real-time on a 3GHz PC. These results demonstrate that a SNN can implement a statistical signal processing algorithm widely used as the decoder in high-performance neural prostheses (Kalman filter), and achieve similar results with just a few thousand neurons. Hardware SNN implementations - neuromorphic chips - may offer power savings, essential for realizing fully-implantable cortically controlled prostheses.

关键词： Neurons Kalman filters Decoding Prosthetics Neuroscience Real time systems Neuromorphics

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SQUARAINE DONORS FOR HIGH EFFICIENCY SMALL MOLECULE SOLAR CELLS

SQUARAINE DONORS FOR HIGH EFFICIENCY SMALL MOLECULE SOLAR CE...

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IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference

作者： Guodan Wei Siyi Wang Xin Xiao C. Kyle Renshaw Lincoln Hall Vyacheslav V. Diev Mark E. Thompson Stephen R. Forrest Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Michigan Department of Chemistry University of Southern California Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Applied Physics Program University of Michigan

ISBN: (纸本)9781424499663

It has been a challenge to achieve high efficiency organic photovoltaics (OPV) that absorb long wavelength solar radiation without incurring unacceptable reductions in open circuit voltage (V_(oc)) or charge separation efficiency. Based on the parent structure of the 2, 4-bis[4-(N, N-diisobutylamino)-2,6-dihydroxyphenyl] squaraine (SQ), we have increased V_(oc) using a family of highly near-infrared absorbing SQs, achieving values as high as 0.94 V. These SQ donors are: 2, 4-bis[4-(N-Phenyl-1-naphthylamino)-2,6-dihydroxyphenyl] squaraine (1-NPSQ),2,4-bis[4-(N,N-diphenylamino)-2,6 dihydroxyphenyl] squaraine (DPSQ), 2,4-bis[4-(N,N-diphenylamino)-2,6-dihydroxyphenyl] asymmetric squaraine (DPASQ). The spin-cast SQ, 1-NPSQ, DPSQ and DPASQ donors are then coated with the acceptor C_(60) to form bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells that take advantage of their exceptionally high absorption coefficient and nanocrystalline morphology to overcome the short diffusion length characteristic of these materials. Combined with a high short-circuit current density (J_(sc)=10.6 mA/cm~2) and high fill factor (FF=0.64), the optimized 1-NPSQ/C_(60) photovoltaic cells with 1-NPSQ annealed at elevated temperature have a power conversion efficiency of η_p as high as 6.0% (correcting for solar mismatch) at 1 sun (AM 1.5G) simulated solar illumination, which to our knowledge is the highest efficiency reported to date for small molecule OPVs.

关键词： Photovoltaic cells Absorption Annealing Educational institutions Sun USA Councils Heterojunctions

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Noise-based information processing

Noise-based information processing

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International Conference on Noise and Fluctuations (ICNF)

作者： Laszlo B. Kish Sunil P. Khatri Sergey M. Bezrukov Ferdinand Peper Zoltan Gingl Tamas Horvath Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Texas A and M University USA Laboratory of Physical and Structural Biology Program in Physical Biology NICHD National Institutes of Health DHHS Bethesda MD USA National Institute of Information and Communications Technology Kobe Japan Department of Experimental Physics University of Szeged Szeged Hungary Department of Computer Science University of Bonn Germany Schloss Birlinghoven Fraunhofer IAIS Sankt Augustin Germany

We briefly introduce noise-based logic. After describing the main motivations we outline classical, instantaneous (squeezed and non-squeezed), continuum, spike and random-telegraph-signal based schemes with applicatio... 详细信息

关键词： Logic gates Noise Power dissipation Multivalued logic Neurons Hardware computers

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Observation of exclusively He-induced H emission in cooled laser plasma

Observation of exclusively He-induced H emission in cooled l...

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作者： Lie, Z.S. Niki, H. Kagawa, K. Tjia, May On Hedwig, R. Pardede, M. Jobiliong, E. Suliyanti, M.M. Abdulmadjid, S.N. Kurniawan, K.H. Program of Nuclear Power and Energy Safety Engineering Graduate School of Engineering Fukui University Fukui 910-8507 Japan Department of Physics Faculty of Education and Regional Studies Fukui University 9-1 bunkyo 3-chome Fukui 910-8507 Japan Physics of Magnetism and Photonics Research Group Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Bandung Institute of Technology 10 Ganesha Bandung 40132 Indonesia Department of Computer Engineering Bina Nusantara University 9 K.H. Syahdan Jakarta 14810 Indonesia Department of Electrical Engineering University of Pelita Harapan 1100 M.H. Thamrin Boulevard Lippo Vilage Tangerang 15811 Indonesia Industrial Engineering Department University of Pelita Harapan 1100 M.H. Thamrin Boulevard Lippo Vilage Tangerang 15811 Indonesia Research Center for Physics Indonesian Institute of Sciences Kawasan PUSPIPTEK Serpong Tangerang Selatan 15314 Banten Indonesia Research Center of Maju Makmur Mandiri Foundation 40/80 Srengseng Raya Jakarta 11630 Indonesia

An experiment was performed for the observation of H emission induced in a cooled laser-induced atmospheric pressure gas plasma of He atoms in their metastable excited state. The strong H emission detected clearly established, to the exclusion of other well known major excitation processes, the exclusive contribution of the He-induced excitation (HIE) mechanism. The process is suggested to take place by means of energy transfer from the excited He atoms to the H atoms via Penning collision induced ionization involving electron exchange. The result further shows that this mechanism may also work for elements other than H and thereby strongly suggests the use of ambient He gas to broaden and complement the applications of standard laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. © 2011 American Institute of Physics.

关键词： Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy

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Combining wireless neural recording and video capture for the analysis of natural gait

Combining wireless neural recording and video capture for th...

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International IEEE/EMBS Conference on Neural engineering, CNE

作者： Justin D. Foster Oren Freifeld Paul Nuyujukian Stephen I. Ryu Michael J. Black Krishna V. Shenoy Department of Electrical Engineering University of Stanford Stanford CA USA Division of Applied Mathematics Brown University Providence RI USA Bioengineering and Stanford Medical School University of Stanford Stanford CA USA Department of Neurosurgery Palo Alto Medical Foundation Palo Alto CA USA Department of Computer Science Brown University Providence RI USA Max-Planck Institute Tubingen Germany Departments of Electrical Engineering Bioengineering and Neurobiology and the Neurosciences Program University of Stanford Stanford CA USA

Neural control of movement is typically studied in constrained environments where there is a reduced set of possible behaviors. This constraint may unintentionally limit the applicability of findings to the generalized case of unconstrained behavior. We hypothesize that examining the unconstrained state across multiple behavioral contexts will lead to new insights into the neural control of movement and help advance the design of neural prosthetic decode algorithms. However, to pursue electrophysiological studies in such a manner requires a more flexible framework for experimentation. We propose that head-mounted neural recording systems with wireless data transmission, combined with markerless computer-vision based motion tracking, will enable new, less constrained experiments. As a proof-of-concept, we recorded and wirelessly transmitted broadband neural data from 32 electrodes in premotor cortex while acquiring single-camera video of a rhesus macaque walking on a treadmill. We demonstrate the ability to extract behavioral kinematics using an automated computer vision algorithm without use of markers and to predict kinematics from the neural data. Together these advances suggest that a new class of “freely moving monkey” experiments should be possible and should help broaden our understanding of the neural control of movement.

关键词： Animals Kinematics Decoding Neuroscience Synchronization Image segmentation Wireless communication

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