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Data Compression Conference (DCC)

作者： Wenye Tang Tao He J.D. Gibson Globespan Virata Inc. Red Bank NJ USA Electrical Engineering Department Southern Methodist University Dallas TX USA Media Arts and Technology Program & Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California at Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA USA

In 1960, Campbell derived a quantity that he defined as the coefficient rate of a random process that involves the process spectral entropy. However, no potential applications of the coefficient rate were identified. Two new derivations of Campbell's rate coefficient rate are presented. One derivation solidifies the interpretation of this quantity as a coefficient rate and allows definition of an effective bandwidth for the process. The second derivation implies a new approach for realization adaptive source compression. The coefficient rate can be used for realization adaptive coefficient selection in a sequence of source representations. Furthermore, the effective bandwidth is designated as Campbell bandwidth and contrasted with Fourier bandwidth and Shannon bandwidth. Several specific examples are presented that illustrate the differences among the three quantities.

关键词： Bandwidth Entropy Random processes Electronic mail Image coding Speech processing Discrete cosine transforms Energy measurement Helium Codes

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A summating, exponentially-decaying CMOS synapse for spiking neural systems 03

A summating, exponentially-decaying CMOS synapse for spiking...

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Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems

作者： Rock Z. Shi Timothy Horiuchi Electrical and Computer Engineering Department University of Maryland College Park MD and Institute for Systems Research University of Maryland College Park MD Electrical and Computer Engineering Department University of Maryland College Park MD and Institute for Systems Research University of Maryland College Park MD and Neuroscience and Cognitive Science Program University of Maryland College Park MD

Synapses are a critical element of biologically-realistic, spike-based neural computation, serving the role of communication, computation, and modification. Many different circuit implementations of synapse function exist with different computational goals in mind. In this paper we describe a new CMOS synapse design that separately controls quiescent leak current, synaptic gain, and time-constant of decay. This circuit implements part of a commonly-used kinetic model of synaptic conductance. We show a theoretical analysis and experimental data for prototypes fabricated in a commercially-available 1.5µm CMOS process.

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Process monitoring via independent components

Process monitoring via independent components

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IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics

作者： T.T. Shannon D. Abercrombie J. McNames Systems Science Program Portland State University Portland OR USA LSI Logic Inc. Gresham OR USA Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Portland State University Portland OR USA

We propose a method for process monitoring of a semiconductor manufacturing process. Independent component analysis (ICA) is applied to characterize E-test parameter data. We calculate angular confidence intervals for the model, eliminate marginally significant components and implement control charts for significant components of interest. Alarms are generated off of deviations in the charted components. Alarms are easily used in process diagnosis based on the interpretation of the independent components.

关键词： Independent component analysis Manufacturing processes Process control computerized monitoring Semiconductor device manufacture Production Circuit testing Random variables Mutual information Principal component analysis

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Survey of tourniquet use in podiatric surgery

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Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery 2003年第2期42卷 68-76页

作者： Kalla, Timothy P. Younger, Alastair McEwen, James A. Inkpen, Kevin Vancouver BC V6K 2G4 201-2732 West Broadway Canada Division of Podiatry Department of Orthopaedics University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada Department of Surgery (Vasc) University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada Foot and Ankle Program Providence Health Care University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada Division of Reconstruction Department of Orthopaedics University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada Departments of Orthopaedics and Electrical and Computer Engineering University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada Western Clinical Engineering Ltd. Vancouver BC Canada

Tourniquet use in foot and ankle surgery is common practice;however, the technique varies among foot and ankle surgeons and there are no standard guidelines. To analyze trends in foot and ankle tourniquet use, the authors conducted an e-mail survey. One thousand six hundred sixty-five foot and ankle surgeons were sent a tourniquet-use survey via e-mail, across Canada and the United States. Nineteen percent of the recipients completed and returned the surveys. Eleven (3.4%) rarely or never use a tourniquet and 8 (2.5%) use an Esmarch bandage tourniquet at the ankle. Most use pneumatic ankle cuffs (92% use, 27% use exclusively);many also use thigh cuffs (69%) and some also use calf cuffs (15%). Most thigh-cuff users (62%) experience problems with cuff fit sometimes or often. All but 3 respondents exsanguinate the limb before tourniquet inflation. Specific devices used for exsanguination varied among surgeons. Most commonly used tourniquet pressures range from ≤200 to 350 mm Hg at the ankle and ≤200 to <351 mm Hg for the thigh (64% use pressures between 301 and 350 mm Hg). Only 7% of respondents consider limb occlusion pressure when selecting tourniquet cuff pressure. Based on published studies of limb occlusion pressures, these ranges suggest that some of the more common pressure settings may be higher than necessary for many patients. Vascular disease or previous bypass (91%) and deep vein thrombosis (83%) were the most commonly listed contraindications to tourniquet use. Approximately 10% of respondents have either experienced or learned of skin and nerve injuries secondary to lower extremity tourniquet use at any level. The varied responses show a lack of overall consensus on tourniquet pressure settings. Guidelines for optimizing cuff pressure and technique should be established to minimize the risk of complications. Copyright © 2003 by the American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons.

关键词： Complications Pneumatic Standards Survey Tourniquet

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Adaptive feature selection for hyperspectral data analysis using a binary hierarchical classifier and tabu search

Adaptive feature selection for hyperspectral data analysis u...

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IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS)

作者： D. Korycinski M. Crawford J.W. Barnes J. Ghosh Center for Space Research University of Texas Austin Austin TX USA Graduate Program in Operations Research and Industrial Engineering University of Texas Austin Austin TX USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Texas Austin Austin TX USA

High dimensional inputs coupled with scarcity of labeled data are among the greatest challenges for classification of hyperspectral data. These problems are exacerbated if the number of classes is large. High dimensional output classes can often be handled effectively by decomposition into multiple two-(meta)class problems, where each sub-problem is solved using a suitable binary classifier, and outputs of this collection of classifiers are combined in a suitable manner to obtain the answer to the original multi-class problem. This approach is taken by the binary hierarchical classifier (BHC). The advantages of the BHC for output decomposition can be further exploited for hyperspectral data analysis by integrating a feature selection methodology with the classifier. Building upon the previously developed best bases BHC algorithm with greedy feature selection, a new method is developed that selects a subset of band groups within metaclasses using reactive tabu search. Experimental results obtained from analysis of Hyperion data acquired over the Okavango Delta in Botswana are superior to those of the greedy feature selection approach and more robust than either the original BHC or the BHC with greedy feature selection.

关键词： Hyperspectral imaging Data analysis Tree data structures Training data Feature extraction Operations research Industrial engineering Robustness Parameter estimation Computational complexity

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Diversity-embedded space-time codes

Diversity-embedded space-time codes

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IEEE Conference and Exhibition on Global Telecommunications (GLOBECOM)

作者： S.N. Diggavi N. Al-Dhahir A.R. Calderbank School of Computer and Communication Sciences Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne Switzerland Department of Electrical Engineering University of Technology Dallas TX USA Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics Princeton University Princeton NJ USA

Rate and diversity impose a fundamental trade-off in space-time coding. High-rate space-time codes come at a cost of lower diversity, and high reliability (diversity) implies a lower rate. We explore a different point of view where we design high-rate space-time codes that have a high-diversity code embedded within them. This allows a form of communication where the high-rate code opportunistically takes advantage of good channel realizations whereas the embedded high-diversity code ensures that at least part of the information is received reliably. We explore this point of view with design issues, along with some preliminary progress on code constructions and some information-theoretic considerations.

关键词： Space time codes Rayleigh channels Costs Transmitting antennas Transmitters Space technology Mathematics Wireless communication Error probability Time division multiplexing

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A new DDP based cipher CIKS-128h architecture design LSI implementation optimization of CBC encryption hashing over 1Gbps

A new DDP based cipher CIKS-128h architecture design LSI imp...

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Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS)

作者： N.S. Iavos N.A. Moldovyan O. Koufopavlou Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng. Patras Univ. Greece Specialized Center of Program Systems SPECTR St. Petersburg Russia Electrical Computer Engineering Department University of Patras Patras Greece

Using an advanced data-dependent (DD) operation (DDO) instead of the DD permutations (DDP) in the known cipher CIKS-128 a new 128-bit cipher CIKS-128h, with reduced number of rounds, has been designed. Additionally we propose a cryptoscheme of the EUS hash function based on CIKS-128h. The single cryptographic core performing data encryption and hashing has been implemented in XILINX FPGA device. The implementation provides significantly higher performance against hash functions MD5, SHA-1 and ciphers DES, AES, IDEA, CIKS-128h. Due to high performance and low implementation cost, the proposed cryptographic device can be efficiently used to solve practical security problems of wired and wireless communication.

关键词： Very large scale integration Design optimization Cryptography Data security Hardware Privacy Costs Mobile communication Communication system security Authentication

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The use of research activities as learning instrument in electrical engineering and computer science graduations

The use of research activities as learning instrument in ele...

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Frontiers in Education (FIE) Conference

作者： C.A.P.S. Martins M.B. Carvalho C.V. Pousa D.O. Penha Computer Science Department and Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering (PPGEE) Computational and Digital System Laboratoty (LSDC) Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil PUC-Minas PPGEE LSDC Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil Computer Science Department LSDC PUC-Minas Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil

In this paper we analyze the use of research activities as learning instrument in electrical engineering and computer science. This pedagogic approach was applied in undergraduate disciplines, undergraduate teaching assistance and undergraduate research projects. Our main goals are optimize the learning process using research and motivate the use of research activities as learning instrument.

关键词： Instruments computer science Education Performance analysis electrical engineering Learning systems Proposals Humans Microprocessors Cache memory

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Significance of intracranial pressure pulse morphology in pediatric traumatc brain injury

Significance of intracranial pressure pulse morphology in pe...

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

作者： M. Aboy J. McNames D. Cuesta-Frau W. Wakeland T. Thong S. Lai B. Goldstein Biomedical Signal Processing Laboratory Electrical and Computer Engineering Portland State University Portland OR USA Computer Vision Group ETS-Alcoi Polytechnic University of Valencia Spain Systems Science Ph.D. Program Portland State University Portland OR USA Biomedical Engineering OGI School of Science and Engineering Oregon Health and Sciences University Portland OR USA Complex Systems Laboratory Department of Pediatrics Oregon Health and Sciences University Portland OR USA

We investigated the relationship between the intracranial pulse pressure (ICP/sub PP/) and the mean intracranial pressure (ICP/sub M/). In adult patients, several research groups have described a linear relationship between ICP/sub PP/ and ICP/sub M/ within the range of cerebral autoregulation. Current monitoring and therapy are mainly based on the mean ICP/sub M/, since it is believed that the ICP/sub M/ contains most of the information provided by the other pulse morphology metrics. In this paper we attempt to answer whether there is further information within the ICP morphology not explained by ICP/sub M/ that might be of prognostic significance. We screened ICP records of 42 patients admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit at Doernbecher Children's Hospital for segments in which the ICP/sub M/ varied at least 5 mmHg during a 1-hour period. We found 54 segments in 9 different pediatric TBI patients (ages 0.2-17.8 years, mean=9.9 years). ICP/sub PP/ and ICP/sub M/ were calculated for each pulse using an automatic pressure detection algorithm. The coefficient of linear correlation r was > 0.70 in 43/54 segments (p < 0.001), which indicates that there exists a linear relationship between ICP/sub PP/ and ICP/sub M/. However, we found r > 0.90 only in 16/54 segments (p=NS) . This result and visual inspection of ICP/sub PP/ vs. ICP/sub M/ density plots suggest that ICP pulse pressure is not fully explained by the ICP M.

关键词： Cranial pressure Morphology Brain injuries Iterative closest point algorithm Pediatrics Patient monitoring Medical treatment Hospitals Detection algorithms Inspection

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Real-time embedded system support for the BTeV level 1 muon trigger

Real-time embedded system support for the BTeV level 1 muon ...

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2003 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record - Nuclear Science Symposium, Medical Imaging Conference

作者： Haney, Michael J. Beauregard, D. Iyer, R. Kalbarczyk, Z. Liu, Q. Wang, L. Haney, M. Selen, M. Mosse, D. Shigiltchoff, O. Chopade, R. Hovey, L. Jung, M. Messie, D. Oh, J. Stone, S. Bapty, T. Neema, S. Nordstrom, S. Shetty, S. Vashishtha, S. Yao, D. Sheldon, P. Vaandering, E. Butler, J. Gottschalk, E. Kowalkowski, J. Votava, M. Appel, J. University of Illinois Urbana IL 61801 United States Des./Validation Reliable N.S.R.G. University of Illinois High Energy Physics Group Department of Physics University of Illinois Department of Computer Science Coll. in High Sch. Educ. Program University of Pittsburgh Department of Electrical Engineering Syracuse University High Energy Physics Group Department of Physics Syracuse University Inst. for Software Intgd. Systems Vanderbilt University Department of Physics BTeV Group Vanderbilt University BTeV Collaboration Particle Physics Division Fermi Natl. Accelerator Laboratory Computing Division Fermi Natl. Accelerator Laboratory Fermilab Education Office Fermi Natl. Accelerator Laboratory

The Level 1 Muon Trigger subsystem for BTeV will be implemented using the same architectural building blocks as the BTeV Level 1 Pixel Trigger: pipelined field programmable gate arrays feeding a farm of dedicated processing elements. The muon trigger algorithm identifies candidate tracks, and is sensitive to the muon charge (sign);candidate dimuon events are identified by complementary charge track-pairs. To insure that the trigger is operating effectively, the trigger development team is actively collaborating in an independent multi-university research program for reliable, self-aware, fault adaptive behavior in real-time embedded systems (RTES). Key elements of the architecture, algorithm, performance, and engineered reliability are presented.

关键词： Embedded systems

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