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Characterization of AL-Y alloy thin films deposited by direct current magnetron sputtering

Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B: Microelectronics Processing and Phenomena 1997年第6期15卷 1990-1990页

作者： Liu, Y. Singh, R. Poole, K. Diefendorf, R.J. Harriss, J. Cannon, K. Materials Science and Engineering Program Clemson University Clemson South Carolina 29634 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Materials Science and Engineering Program Clemson University Clemson South Carolina 29634 Department of Ceramic Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering Program Clemson University Clemson South Carolina 29634 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Clemson University Clemson South Carolina 29634 Cryovac North America W. R. Grace & Co. Duncan South Carolina 29334

Thin films of Al-1.27 wt %Y were deposited by dc magnetron sputtering. Adding yttrium to the aluminum drastically reduced the metal’s grain size and also improve the uniformity of grain size distribution. Upon annealing at a temperature of 450 °C for 30 min, grain growth was insignificant, while the electrical resistance dropped from 6.05 to 2.95 μΩ cm. The as deposited films consisted of Al4Y and α-Al supersaturated with yttrium. After annealing, β-Al3Y precipitated instead of α-Al3Y. The Al–Y films had much higher resistance to hillock formation than did Al-1 wt %Si films.

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A Modal Distribution Study of Violin Vibrato 23

A Modal Distribution Study of Violin Vibrato

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23rd International computer Music Conference, ICMC 1997

作者： Mellody, Maureen Wakefield, Gregory H. Applied Physics Program University of Michigan United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan United States

A high-resolution time-frequency distribution is applied to the study of violin vibrato. Our analysis indicates that the frequency modulation induced by the motion of the stopped finger on the string is accompanied by a significant amplitude variation in each partial of that note. We suggest that this amplitude modulation results from the densely-spaced wood resonances of the violin body. Amplitude and frequency estimates for each partial are extracted from the time-frequency surface and used in an additive resynthesis model to generate synthesized violin vibrato. © 1997 International computer Music Conference, ICMC Proceedings. All rights reserved.

关键词： computer music

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Chemical Vapor Deposited Teflon Amorphous Fluoropolymer as an Interlevel Dielectric Material for Low Power Integrated Circuits

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MRS Online Proceedings Library 1997年第1期476卷 207-212页

作者： R. Sharangpani R. Singh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Clemson University Clemson USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Material Science and Engineering Program Clemson University Clemson USA

The development of materials with dielectric constant (K) less than SiO2 (K=3.9) is essential to meet the stringent speed, power dissipation and crosstalk requirements that are driving the low power integrated circuit (IC) paradigm. Both the low K dielectric and the processing methodology used for it should satisfy several important criteria before the technique can be accepted in future mainstream low power IC manufacturing. We had reported earlier a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique for the deposition of DuPont's Teflon amorphous fluoropolymer 1600 (bulk K=1.93) using the principle of direct liquid injection. The processing was carried out with and without an ultra violet (UV) light source in a computerized rapid isothermal processing (RIP) system. Recently, we have extensively characterized the films and examined the suitability of our technique in light of some of the requirements of the future IC industry. Our results indicate that the processed films exceed several of the established dielectric performance standards outlined in recent roadmaps for sub 0.25 μm ICs. The film properties were improved when the UV source was used during processing. CVD processed films in general demonstrated significant improvements in terms of manufacturability, throughput, cost, and dielectric properties over the same films processed by alternate techniques.

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Using computer assisted collaborative learning to improve distance education

Using computer assisted collaborative learning to improve di...

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Frontiers in Education (FIE) Conference

作者： N.A. Pendergrass G. Sun Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Massachusetts Dartmouth USA Engineering Program University of Massachusetts Boston USA

This paper describes how computer assisted, collaborative learning techniques can be used to improve distance learning courses which use two-way compressed video. With these methods, students spend most of their class time working in groups on problems or interactive demonstrations. The approach provides an active learning experience and sharply reduces the amount of information which must be sent through the video system. The methods also increase interaction between students and the instructor and raise student motivation to overcome obstacles in the course. This paper also discusses many of the practical issues that are involved in distance education for classes using either collaborative learning or lecture based methods.

关键词： Collaborative work Distance learning Video compression Linear systems computer aided instruction Cameras Sun electrical engineering Digital filters Filtering

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Performance and uniformity of phased-array waveguide grating WDMS with wavelength comb self-alignment

Performance and uniformity of phased-array waveguide grating...

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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)

作者： Wenhua Lin Chau-Han D. Lee Y.J. Chen D.R. Stone Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering and Joint Program for Advanced Electronic Materials University of Maryland

Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) is emerging as one of the dominant technologies for future optical networks.

ISBN: (纸本)0780341252

Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) is emerging as one of the dominant technologies for future optical networks.

关键词： Wavelength division multiplexing Optical crosstalk Arrayed waveguide gratings Optical waveguides Optical fiber networks Testing Optical switches Phased arrays Optical arrays Temperature

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Photonic integrated eight-wavelength 2/spl times/2 WDM crossconnect switch using phased-array waveguide grating multi/demultiplexers

Photonic integrated eight-wavelength 2/spl times/2 WDM cross...

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Optical Fiber Communication (OFC) Conference

作者： Haifeng Li Chau-Han Lee Wenhua Lin S. Didde Yunglui Chen D. Stone Department of Computer Sciences and Electrical Engineering Joint Program for Advanced Electronic Materials University of Maryland Baltimore Baltimore MD USA

A wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) cross-connect switch (WDM-CCS), which can switch arbitrary wavelength components between different input signals, is a key component for WDM networks. In the paper, we report a monolithically integrated eight-wavelength 2/spl times/2 WDM-CCS with 200 GHz channel spacing. The switch is transparent to signal format and bit rate and can be widely used in multiwavelength scalable and reconfigurable WDM networks for dynamic wavelength routing.

关键词： Wavelength division multiplexing Optical waveguides WDM networks Optical switches Laboratories Optical interferometry Phased arrays Wavelength measurement Acoustic signal detection Solids

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Performance analysis of hypothesis testing for pairwise interaction point processes

Performance analysis of hypothesis testing for pairwise inte...

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Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems & computers

作者： J.A. Gubner Wei-Bin Chang M.M. Hayat Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering University of Wisconsin Madison WI USA Electro-optics Graduate Program University of Dayton Dayton OH USA

The sufficient statistic for the likelihood ratio test between pairwise interaction point processes is well-known. However, the evaluation of its performance is a challenging problem. In this paper it is shown that the distribution of the sufficient statistic can be approximated by the distribution of a Poisson-driven shot-noise random variable. This latter distribution can be readily computed using numerical methods.

关键词： Performance analysis Testing Statistical distributions Statistical analysis Random variables Distributed computing Error analysis Environmental factors Forestry Biological system modeling

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Comparisons of fast 2D-DCT algorithms for parallel programmable digital signal processors

Comparisons of fast 2D-DCT algorithms for parallel programma...

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International Conference on High Performance Computing in the Asia-Pacific Region

作者： Hyuk-Jae Lee Jae-Beom Lee H. Byun Computer Science Program Louisiana Tech University Ruston LA USA Department of Electrical Engineering Columbia University New York NY USA Department of Computer Science Yonsei University Seoul South Korea

Recent advances in technology make it possible to integrate multiple processors into a single chip to build high performance parallel programmable digital signal processors (PPDSPs). These processors are expected to replace many dedicated digital signal processors to implement important image/signal processing algorithms such as discrete cosine transform (DCT). The paper addresses the issue of how to compare fast 2D-DCT algorithms when they are implemented on a PPDSP. Previously, the efficiency of these algorithms is compared based on the number of operations. This comparison is reasonable when these algorithms are implemented on a dedicated DSP. However, this comparison may not be suitable for general-purpose PPDSPs. The paper proposes to use three parameters, the number of data accesses, the number of communications, and the distance of communications, as new criterion for performance comparison of DCT algorithms. An algorithm-level technique is developed to estimate these parameters for DCT algorithms. The comparison results based on the parameters show that the algorithm proposed by Cho and Lee (1991) might be the best choice for a PPDSP unless it requires large overhead for communication between remote processors. In this case, the conventional row-column method with a fast 1D-DCT algorithm might be the most efficient.

关键词： Signal processing algorithms Digital signal processors Digital signal processing chips Discrete cosine transforms Digital signal processing computer science Costs Image coding Parameter estimation Concurrent computing

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Anticontrol of chaos via feedback

Anticontrol of chaos via feedback

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IEEE Conference on Decision and Control

作者： Guanrong Chen Dejian Lai Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Houston Houston TX USA Program of Biometry School of Public Health University of Texas Houston Houston TX USA

ISBN: (纸本)0780341872

In this paper, a simple control method that combines a linear state-feedback with a nonlinear mod-operation is proposed for making an arbitrarily given, deterministic, discrete-time dynamical systems chaotic. The given system can be arbitrary in the sense that it can be either linear or nonlinear, lower or higher-dimensional, asymptotically stable, unstable, or chaotic. The resulting controlled system is chaotic in the sense that the controlled map (1) has sensitive dependence on initial conditions, (2) is topologically transitive, and (3) has a dense set of periodic points.

关键词： Chaos Feedback Control systems Inductors Fluid dynamics Heating Public healthcare Nonlinear control systems Physics Mathematics

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Electron multipactor code for high-power RF devices

Electron multipactor code for high-power RF devices

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IEEE Conference on Particle Accelerator

作者： S. Humphries D. Rees Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of New Mexico Albuquerque NM USA APT Program Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos NM USA

We have developed an integrated software system, TrakRF, to model electromagnetic fields and charged particle orbits in high-power RF devices. Our primary application is simulation of electron multipactoring near RF vacuum windows for the APT (Accelerator Production of Tritium) program. In this paper we describe features of the codes and initial multipactor calculations for superconducting cavity arrays. The finite-element frequency-domain solver can determine resonant modes in cavities and waveguides. TrakRF directly determines power dissipation and phase shifts in lossy materials. In addition, the program handles scattered waves in open structures with free-space boundaries based on matched termination layers. TrakRF has advanced particle tracking capabilities to investigate a variety of innovative window designs. The program can simultaneously apply three independent solutions for electrostatic, magnetostatic and RF fields. The finite-element methods allow an accurate representation of electron collisions with surfaces.

关键词： Radio frequency Finite element methods Software systems Electromagnetic modeling Electromagnetic fields Orbits Application software Particle accelerators Electron accelerators Production

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