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arXiv 2024年

作者： Awadelkarim, Elsiddig Chada, Neil K. Jasra, Ajay Applied Mathematics and Computational Science Program Computer Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal23955-6900 Saudi Arabia Department of Mathematics City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong School of Data Science The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Shenzhen China

We consider the development of unbiased estimators, to approximate the stationary distribution of Mckean-Vlasov stochastic differential equations (MVSDEs). These are an important class of processes, which frequently appear in applications such as mathematical finance, biology and opinion dynamics. Typically the stationary distribution is unknown and indeed one cannot simulate such processes exactly. As a result one commonly requires a time-discretization scheme which results in a discretization bias and a bias from not being able to simulate the associated stationary distribution. To overcome this bias, we present a new unbiased estimator taking motivation from the literature on unbiased Monte Carlo. We prove the unbiasedness of our estimator, under assumptions. In order to prove this we require developing ergodicity results of various discrete time processes, through an appropriate discretization scheme, towards the invariant measure. Numerous numerical experiments are provided, on a range of MVSDEs, to demonstrate the effectiveness of our unbiased estimator. Such examples include the Currie-Weiss model, a 3D neuroscience model and a parameter estimation problem. © 2024, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Stochastic systems

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Weakly Supervised Semantic Segmentation using Out-of-Distribution Data

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Lee, Jungbeom Oh, Seong Joon Yun, Sangdoo Choe, Junsuk Kim, Eunji Yoon, Sungroh Department Of Electrical And Computer Engineering Seoul National University Korea Republic of NAVER AI Lab University Of Tübingen Germany Department Of Computer Science And Engineering Sogang University Korea Republic of Interdisciplinary Program In AI AIIS ASRI INMC ISRC And NSI Seoul National University Korea Republic of

Weakly supervised semantic segmentation (WSSS) methods are often built on pixel-level localization maps obtained from a classifier. However, training on class labels only, classifiers suffer from the spurious correlation between foreground and background cues (e.g. train and rail), fundamentally bounding the performance of WSSS. There have been previous endeavors to address this issue with additional supervision. We propose a novel source of information to distinguish foreground from the background: Out-of-Distribution (OoD) data, or images devoid of foreground object classes. In particular, we utilize the hard OoDs that the classifier is likely to make false-positive predictions. These samples typically carry key visual features on the background (e.g. rail) that the classifiers often confuse as foreground (e.g. train), so these cues let classifiers correctly suppress spurious background cues. Acquiring such hard OoDs does not require an extensive amount of annotation efforts;it only incurs a few additional image-level labeling costs on top of the original efforts to collect class labels. We propose a method, W-OoD, for utilizing the hard OoDs. W-OoD achieves state-of-the-art performance on Pascal VOC 2012. The code is available at: https://***/naver-ai/w-ood. © 2022, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Semantic Segmentation

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Critical Factors of Immersive Learning in Higher Education: A Systematic Literature Review

Critical Factors of Immersive Learning in Higher Education: ...

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International Conference on ICT For Smart Society (ICISS)

作者： Sunardi Meyliana Arief Ramadhan Yusep Rosmansyah Computer Science Department BINUS Graduate Program Doctor of Computer Science Bina Nusantara University Jakarta Indonesia Information System Departement School of information system Bina Nusantara University Jakarta Indonesia School of Computing Telkom University Bandung Indonesia School of electrical engineering and informatics Bandung Institute of Technology Bandung Indonesia

Immersive learning has gained significant attention with the rising trend of spatial computing, particularly in the after-pandemic era. Numerous research has explored the potential of immersive learning in higher education, primarily on the educational sector. However, prior research has frequently focused too narrowly on the effects of technology and neglected to address the crucial element influencing successful immersive learning in higher education. This study seeks to pinpoint the crucial element contributing to the development of immersive learning experiences. The methodology uses a systematic literature review (SLR) from 2018 up to 2023 to investigate the critical factors of immersive Learning in Higher Education. From the 728 papers initially retrieved, 274 were considered potential candidates, and ultimately, 86 articles were selected based on their relevance to the research question. The results reveal that the critical factors include learning design, technology, immersion, engagement, interactivity, and usability. Academic interests will benefit from this SLR's consequences as institutions create models for designing suitable immersive learning, especially within the context of higher education.

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engineering Moiré Meta-crystals with Conventional Photonic and Phononic Structures

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Oudich, Mourad Kong, Xianghong Zhang, Tan Qiu, Chengwei Jing, Yun Graduate Program in Acoustics Penn State University University ParkPA16802 United States Université de Lorraine CNRS Institut Jean Lamour NancyF-54000 France Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore117583 Singapore

Recent discoveries on Mott insulating and unconventional superconducting states in twisted bilayer graphene with Moiré superlattices have reshaped the landscape of "twistronics" and paved the way for developing high-temperature superconductors and new devices for quantum computing and sensing. Meanwhile, artificially structured photonic and phononic metamaterials/crystals (or meta-crystals) have become a fertile playground for emulating quantum-mechanical features of condensed matter systems, revealing new routes for robust control of classical waves. Drawing inspiration from the success of twisted bilayer graphene, this perspective casts an overarching framework of the emerging Moiré photonic and phononic meta-crystals that promise novel classical-wave devices. We begin with the fundamentals of Moiré superlattices, before highlighting recent works that exploit twist angle and interlayer coupling as new ingredients to engineer and tailor the band structures and effective material properties of photonic and phononic meta-crystals. We finally discuss future directions and promises of this emerging area in materials science and wave physics. © 2023, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Graphene

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Demonstration of a Polarization-Agnostic Geometric Phase in Nonlocal Metasurfaces

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Overvig, Adam Kasahara, Yoshiaki Xu, Gengyu Alù, Andrea Photonics Initiative Advanced Science Research Center Graduate Center of the City University of New York United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of Texas Austin United States Physics Program Graduate Center City University of New York United States

Symmetry-driven phenomena arising in nonlocal metasurfaces supporting quasi-bound states in the continuum (q-BICs) have been opening new avenues to tailor enhanced light-matter interactions via perturbative design principles. Geometric phase concepts—observed in many physical systems—are particularly useful in nonlocal metasurfaces, as they enable to locally pattern the q-BIC scattering rate and phase across the metasurface aperture without affecting the delocalized nature of the q-BIC resonance. However, this control typically comes with stringent limitations in terms of efficiency and/or of polarization operation. Here, we unveil a new form of geometric phase control, accumulated along a continuous contour of geometric perturbations that parametrically encircle a singularity associated with a bound state. This response is obtained regardless of the chosen polarization state, which can be rationally specified by a judicious choice of the perturbation geometry. Our findings extend geometric phase concepts to arbitrary polarizations, including linear and elliptical states, with near-unity scattering efficiency. This polarization-agnostic geometric phase offers new opportunities for wavefront manipulation, multifunctional operation and light emission, with applications in augmented reality, secure communications, wireless systems, imaging, lasing, nonlinear and quantum optics. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Polarization

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Non-Hermitian metasurface for asymmetric thermal emission

Non-Hermitian metasurface for asymmetric thermal emission

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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)

作者： Ciril S. Prasad Henry O. Everitt Gururaj V. Naik Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice University Houston TX USA Applied Physics Graduate Program Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University Houston TX USA U.S. Army DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory-South Houston TX USA

Non-Hermitian optics provides a unique platform to take advantage of absorption losses in materials and control radiative properties. We demonstrate a non-Hermitian metasurface that exhibit directional suppression of ... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781957171258

关键词： Fused silica Optical constants Photon counting Remote sensing Thermal emission Thermal imaging

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Guiding Brain-to-Vocalization Decoder Design Using Structured Generalization Error 46

Guiding Brain-to-Vocalization Decoder Design Using Structure...

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46th Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, EMBC 2024

作者： Huang, Jingya Tostado-Marcos, Pablo Narasimha, Sowmya Manojna Patel, Aashish N. Arneodo, Ezequiel. M. Gentner, Timothy Q. Mishne, Gal Gilja, Vikash University of California San Diego Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering La Jolla CA92092 United States University of California San Diego Department of Bioengineering La Jolla CA92092 United States University of California San Diego Institute for Neural Computation La Jolla CA92092 United States University of California San Diego Neuroscience Graduate Program La Jolla CA92092 United States University of California San Diego Department of Physics La Jolla CA92092 United States University of California San Diego Department of Psychology La Jolla CA92092 United States University of California San Diego Halicioǧlu Data Science Institute La Jolla CA92092 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798350371499

State-of-the-art intracortical neuroprostheses currently enable communication at 60+ words per minute for anarthric individuals by training on over 10K sentences to account for phoneme variability in different word contexts. There is limited understanding about whether this performance can be maintained in decoding naturalistic speech with 40K+ word vocabularies across elicited, spontaneous, and conversational speech contexts. We introduce a vocal-unit-level generalization test to explicitly evaluate neural decoder performance with an expanded and more diverse behavioral repertoire. Tested on neural decoders modeling zebra finch vocalization, an analog to human vocal production, we compare three decoders with different input types: spike trains, neural factors, and firing rates. The factors and rates are latent neural features inferred using trained Latent Factor Analysis via Dynamical Systems (LFADS) models that capture the population neural dynamics during vocal production. While the conventional random holdout generalization error measure is similar for all three decoders, factor- and rate-based decoders outperform spike-based decoders when testing vocal-unit-holdout generalization error. These results suggest the later models better adapt to flexible vocalization inference when trained with partial observation of data variation, motivating further exploration of decoders incorporating latent neural and vocalization dynamics. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Errors

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Investigating Skin Aging Using Jones Matrix Polarization-Sensitive Optical Coherence Tomography

Investigating Skin Aging Using Jones Matrix Polarization-Sen...

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Bio-Optics: Design and Application, BODA 2023 - Part of Optica Biophotonics Congress: Optics in the Life Sciences 2023

作者： Maloufi, Sina Zhou, Xin Mirsalehi, Mitra Louie, Daniel C. Lee, Tim K. Tang, Shuo School of Biomedical Engineering University of British Columbia VancouverBCV6T 1Z4 Canada Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of British Columbia VancouverBCV6T 1Z4 Canada Department of Dermatology and Skin Science Photomedicine Institute University of British Columbia Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute VancouverBCV5Z 4E8 Canada Cancer Control Research Program BC Cancer VancouverBCV5Z 1L3 Canada

JM-OCT was utilized to present comparison on the effects of intrinsic aging on features quantified by JM-OCT, such as epidermal thickness, local depolarization, and collagen disruption. © 2023 The Author(s)

ISBN: (纸本)9781957171210

关键词： Optical tomography

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Sensing property of Ga2O3-based extended-gate field-effect transistors for a living cell viability sensor

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Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 2023年 349卷

作者： Chou, Hsin-Yu Chiang, Jung-Lung Yu, Chang-Tze Ricky Chen, Jo-Mei Maureen Wuu, Dong-Sing Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Chung Hsing University Taichung40227 Taiwan Ph.D. Program Prospective Technology of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science National Chin-Yi University of Technology Taichung411030 Taiwan Department of Applied Chemistry National Chi-Nan University Nantou54561 Taiwan Department of Applied Materials and Optoelectronic Engineering National Chi Nan University Nantou54561 Taiwan

In this study, gallium oxide (Ga2O3) nanorods were deposited onto an indium tin oxide (ITO) glass substrate to develop a real-time living cell viability sensor. Ga2O3 nanorods had characteristics of cell population sensing based on cellular metabolism to detect cell viability. The pH sensing characteristics of Ga2O3-based extended-gate field-effect transistors (EGFETs) with and without the annealing process were measured from pH 1–11. Three different sensor heads, ITO/glass, GaOOH/ITO/glass, and Ga2O3/ITO/glass, were produced as EGFETs and immersed into a pH standard buffer and high-glucose Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) to investigate hydrogen ion sensing. Results showed that the Ga2O3/ITO/glass probe had the best hydrogen ion sensing sensitivity and stability in different sample buffers. In contrast, GaOOH/ITO/glass had instability and lower sensitivity due to interference with other components in the medium. The drift characteristic of sensors was analyzed to detect long-term stability. The Ga2O3/ITO/glass probe showed lower drift properties, which can potentially monitor the DMEM situation in real-time for a long-term period. During in vitro detection, the Ga2O3/ITO/glass probe revealed a 70 μA/cells change in IDS-VDS analysis and a 10 μV/cells change in IDS-VGS analysis, which was superior linearly dependent within 10,000 cells. The biocompatibility of the Ga2O3/ITO/glass probe was also detected by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)− 2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and showed no cytotoxicity. Overall, the Ga2O3/ITO/glass EGFET sensor has potential applications as a living cell viability device in microenvironmental studies in the future. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Nanorods

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Efficient pumping of atomic frequency combs in a Tm3+:YAG crystal for broadband quantum optical storage

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Physical Review Applied 2025年第5期23卷 054076-054076页

作者： Yisheng Lei Zongfeng Li Mahdi Hosseini Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Applied Physics Program Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 USA Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana 47907 USA

Quantum memory devices with high storage efficiency and bandwidth are essential elements for future quantum networks. Here, we report a storage efficiency greater than 28% in a Tm3+:YAG crystal (where YAG is yttrium aluminum garnet) at elevated temperatures, achieving this milestone without relying on optical cavities and without compromising memory bandwidth. We introduce different pumping techniques for Tm-based memories that enable multifrequency-window storage and high memory bandwidth reaching 630 MHz, significantly surpassing previous Tm-based memory demonstrations, considering the operating temperature of 3.5 K. Furthermore, we propose a general method for large-bandwidth atomic frequency memory using non-Kramers rare-earth ions (REIs) in solids, paving the way for storage efficiencies and bandwidths approaching fundamental limits. The compatibility of Tm memories with neutral-atom quantum processors and their seamless integration with scalable photonic platforms, such as lithium niobate on insulator, underscore their potential for distributed quantum computing, hybrid quantum networks, and space-based quantum communication. Our study represents a significant advancement toward practical high-performance quantum memories based on REI-doped crystals, where we predict that gigahertz bandwidth and storage efficiencies exceeding 30% are achievable at lower temperatures.

关键词： Qubits

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