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Characterizing biomolecular structure features through an innovative elliptical dichroism spectrometry for cancer detection

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Heliyon 2024年第19期10卷 e38399页

作者： Asad, Yusuf Jangili, Keerthi Priya Arshad, Amara Elma, Maliha Rasuleva, Komila Akinlalu, Alfred Gao, Tommy Tida, Umamaheswara Rao Xia, Wenjie Sun, Dali Biomedical Engineering Program North Dakota State University 1401 Centennial Blvd Engineering Administration Room 203 Fargo 58102 ND United States Materials and Nanotechnology North Dakota State University Fargo 58108 ND United States Department of Aerospace Engineering Iowa State University Ames 50011 IA United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering North Dakota State University 1411 Centennial Blvd. 101S Fargo 58102 ND United States Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering University of Denver 2155 E. Wesley Ave. Denver 80210 CO United States Knoebel Institute for Healthy Aging University of Denver United States

This research introduces a novel method for evaluating the structural features of biomolecules, utilizing our innovative Elliptical Dichroism (ED) spectrometer specifically designed for stereochemical analysis. By integrating ED spectrometry with autocorrelation (AC) analysis, we investigate the conformational characteristics of biological molecules such as amino acids, proteins, and extracellular vesicles (EVs) induced by elliptically polarized UV absorption. Our streamlined approach offers a cost-effective and portable solution with minimal sample consumption and supports multiple working modes to efficiently characterize biomolecular structures. The insight from this new approach demonstrates potential applications in using biomolecular characterization for cancer detection. © 2024

关键词： Autocorrelation function Density-functional theory Elliptical dichroism Molecular dynamics simulation Spectrometer Stereochemical analysis Tumor differentiation

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AI in Industry: Real-World Applications and Case Studies

TechRxiv

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TechRxiv 2023年

作者： Rahmaniar, Wahyu Maarif, Alfian ul Haq, Qazi Mazhar Iskandar, Muchammad Edo Institute of Innovative Research Tokyo Institute of Technology Kanagawa226-8503 Japan Department of Electrical Engineering Universitas Ahmad Dahlan Yogyakarta55166 Indonesia International Bachelor Program in Informatics and Computer Science Yuan Ze University Taoyuan320315 Taiwan Ezy Industries Jakarta Indonesia

Artificial intelligence (AI) has advanced rapidly and is becoming a cornerstone technology that drives innovation and efficiency in various industries. This paper examines the real-world application of AI in multiple sectors, including healthcare, finance, agriculture, retail, energy, and automotive. Several case studies are described to understand better the practical applications, results, and challenges of implementing AI. While many industries have reaped enormous benefits from AI, inherent challenges include data privacy, the potential for bias, and the continuing demand for skilled labor. This comprehensive review aims to provide AI application insights to professionals and researchers. Thus, as AI grows, there may be challenges and avenues for future research. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Agriculture

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Representing and extending ensembles of parsimonious evolutionary histories with a directed acyclic graph

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Dumm, Will Barker, Mary Howard-Snyder, William DeWitt, William S. Matsen, Frederick A. Computational Biology Program Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center SeattleWA United States Howard Hughes Medical Institute Computational Biology Program Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center SeattleWA United States Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science and Engineering University of Washington SeattleWA United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences University of California BerkeleyCA United States Department of Genome Sciences University of Washington SeattleWA United States Department of Statistics University of Washington SeattleWA United States

In many situations, it would be useful to know not just the best phylogenetic tree for a given data set, but the collection of high-quality trees. This goal is typically addressed using Bayesian techniques, however, current Bayesian methods do not scale to large data sets. Furthermore, for large data sets with relatively low signal one cannot even store every good tree individually, especially when the trees are required to be bifurcating. In this paper, we develop a novel object called the "history subpartition directed acyclic graph" (or "history sDAG" for short) that compactly represents an ensemble of trees with labels (e.g. ancestral sequences) mapped onto the internal nodes. The history sDAG can be built efficiently and can also be efficiently trimmed to only represent maximally parsimonious trees. We show that the history sDAG allows us to find many additional equally parsimonious trees, extending combinatorially beyond the ensemble used to construct it. We argue that this object could be useful as the "skeleton" of a more complete uncertainty *** Codes 92-08 (Primary) 92B10, 92-04 (Secondary) Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Phylogenetic

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Pulsed Terahertz Time Domain Spectroscopy for Evaluating Treatment Efficacy: Initial Validation in Monitoring Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma

Pulsed Terahertz Time Domain Spectroscopy for Evaluating Tre...

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International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves

作者： Debamitra Chakraborty Bradley N. Mills Jing Cheng Ivan Komissarov Scott A. Gerber Roman Sobolewski Materials Science Graduate Program University of Rochester Rochester New York USA Laboratory for Laser Energetics University of Rochester Rochester New York USA Department of Surgery University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester New York USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Rochester Rochester New York USA

Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly invasive malignancy with limited curative effectiveness. Here, we report the viability of using pulsed Terahertz (THz) time domain spectroscopy (THz TDS) to monitor the efficacy of Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) in treating PDAC in murine models. Our study shows that THz imaging can provide reliable and reproducible results to differentiate the changes in untreated and SBRT-treated PDAC tissue using THz refractive index and absorption coefficient as mapping parameters with statistical significance. Hence the study highlights that pulsed THz-TDS can be used as a technique to monitor tumor responses to immunotherapy, providing a comprehensive assessment of the tumor’s reaction to the treatment.

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Picosecond optical-to-x-ray (Cd,Mg)Te radiation detectors

Picosecond optical-to-x-ray (Cd,Mg)Te radiation detectors

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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)

作者： J. Cheng I. Komissarov G. Chen D. Chakraborty S. Kutcher H. Chen S. Trivedi Roman Sobolewski Materials Science Graduate Program University of Rochester Rochester New York USA Laboratory for Laser Energetics University of Rochester Rochester New York USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Rochester Rochester New York USA Brimrose Technology Corp Sparks Maryland USA

We developed a dual optical/x-ray ultrafast photodetector based on in-house grown Cd 0.97 Mg 0.03 Te single crystals. The detector is characterized by ~200 ps full-width-at-half-maximum, readout-electronics limited p... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781957171258

关键词： Femtosecond lasers Photodetectors Photon counting Pump probe spectroscopy Radiation detectors Ti:sapphire lasers

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A Label-Free Droplet Sorting Platform Integrating Dielectrophoretic Separation for Estimating Bacterial Antimicrobial Resistance

Biosensors

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Biosensors 2024年第5期14卷 218页

作者： Yan, Jia-De Yang, Chiou-Ying Han, Arum Wu, Ching-Chou Doctoral Program in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine National Chung Hsing University Taichung City402 Taiwan Institute of Molecular Biology National Chung Hsing University Taichung City402 Taiwan Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Texas AM University College StationTX77843 United States Department of Biomedical Engineering Texas AM University College StationTX77843 United States Department of Chemical Engineering Texas AM University College StationTX77843 United States Department of Bio-Industrial Mechatronics Engineering National Chung Hsing University Taichung City402 Taiwan Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture National Chung Hsing University Taichung City402 Taiwan

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become a crucial global health issue. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria can survive after antibiotic treatments, lowering drug efficacy and increasing lethal risks. A microfluidic water-in-oil emulsion droplet system can entrap microorganisms and antibiotics within the tiny bioreactor, separate from the surroundings, enabling independent assays that can be performed in a high-throughput manner. This study presents the development of a label-free dielectrophoresis (DEP)-based microfluidic platform to sort droplets that co-encapsulate Escherichia coli (E. coli) and ampicillin (Amp) and droplets that co-encapsulate Amp-resistant (AmpR) E. coli with Amp only based on the conductivity-dependent DEP force (FDEP) without the assistance of optical analyses. The 9.4% low conductivity (LC) Luria–Bertani (LB) broth diluted with 170 mM mannitol can maintain E. coli and AmpR E. coli growth for 3 h and allow Amp to kill almost all E. coli, which can significantly increase the LCLB conductivity by about 100 μS/cm. Therefore, the AmpR E. coli/9.4%LCLB/Amp where no cells are killed and the E. coli/9.4%LCLB/Amp-containing droplets where most of the cells are killed can be sorted based on this conductivity difference at an applied electric field of 2 MHz and 100 Vpp that generates positive FDEP. Moreover, the sorting ratio significantly decreased to about 50% when the population of AmpR E. coli was equal to or higher than 50% in droplets. The conductivity-dependent DEP-based sorting platform exhibits promising potential to probe the ratio of AmpR E. coli in an unknown bacterial sample by using the sorting ratio as an index. © 2024 by the authors.

关键词： Escherichia coli

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New Frontiers for Wave engineering Using Metamaterials

New Frontiers for Wave Engineering Using Metamaterials

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2022年全国微波毫米波会议

作者： Andrea Alù Photonics Initiative Advanced Science Research Center City University of New York Physics Program Graduate Center City University of New York Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering City College of New York

Metamaterials are engineered materials with properties that go well beyond what offered by nature, providing unprecedented opportunities to tailor and enhance the control of waves. In this talk, I discuss our recent activity at microwaves and THz frequencies, showing how suitably tailored meta-atoms and their arrangements open exciting avenues for wave manipulation, including metasurfaces with enhanced wavefront manipulation, and magnet-free nonreciprocity and topological phenomena. Insights into the underlying physics and new devices based on these concepts will be presented.

关键词： New Frontiers for Wave engineering Using Metamaterials

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SkinSource: A Data-Driven Toolbox for Predicting Touch-Elicited Vibrations in the Upper Limb

SkinSource: A Data-Driven Toolbox for Predicting Touch-Elici...

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International Symposium on Haptic Interfaces for Virtual Environment and Teleoperator Systems (HAPTICS)

作者： Neeli Tummala Gregory Reardon Simone Fani Dustin Goetz Matteo Bianchi Yon Visell the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA USA the Media Arts and Technology Program University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA USA the School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering Arizona State University Tempe AZ USA the Soft Robotics for Human Cooperation and Rehabilitation Lab Instituto Italiano di Tecnologia Geneva GE Italy the Department of Mechanical Engineering University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA USA the Department of Information Engineering University of Pisa PI Italy the Department of Biological Engineering University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA USA

Vibrations transmitted throughout the hand and arm during touch contact play a central role in haptic science and engineering but are challenging to model or experimentally characterize. Here, we present SkinSource, a data-driven toolbox for predicting skin vibrations across the upper limb in response to user-specified input forces. The toolbox leverages impulse response measurements that encode the physics of vibration transmission across the hands and arms of four participants and provides software tools for analyzing the predicted skin responses. We show that the SkinSource predictions closely match experimental measurements and confirm the underlying assumption of linear vibration transmission in the skin. We also demonstrate through several usage examples how SkinSource can act as a versatile computational platform for haptic research applications, such as characterizing vibrotactile transmission in the skin, engineering haptic interfaces, and investigating touch perception.

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WISH:wavefront imaging sensor with high resolution

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Light(Science & Applications) 2019年第1期8卷 818-827页

作者： Yicheng Wu Manoj Kumar Sharma Ashok Veeraraghavan Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice UniversityHoustonTXUSA Applied Physics Program Rice UniversityHoustonTXUSA

Wavefront sensing is the simultaneous measurement of the amplitude and phase of an incoming optical *** wavefront sensors such as Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor(SHWFS)suffer from a fundamental tradeoff between spatial resolution and phase estimation and consequently can only achieve a resolution of a few thousand *** break this tradeoff,we present a novel computational-imaging-based technique,namely,the Wavefront Imaging Sensor with High resolution(WISH).We replace the microlens array in SHWFS with a spatial light modulator(SLM)and use a computational phase-retrieval algorithm to recover the incident *** wavefront sensor can measure highly varying optical fields at more than 10-megapixel resolution with the fine phase *** the best of our knowledge,this resolution is an order of magnitude higher than the current noninterferometric wavefront *** demonstrate the capability of WISH,we present three applications,which cover a wide range of spatial ***,we produce the diffraction-limited reconstruction for long-distance imaging by combining WISH with a large-aperture,low-quality Fresnel ***,we show the recovery of high-resolution images of objects that are obscured by ***,we show that WISH can be used as a microscope without an objective *** study suggests that the designing principle of WISH,which combines optical modulators and computational algorithms to sense high-resolution optical fields,enables improved capabilities in many existing applications while revealing entirely new,hitherto unexplored application areas.

关键词： estimation. field. resolution

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FaSTrack:A Modular Framework for Real-Time Motion Planning and Guaranteed Safe Tracking

FaSTrack:A Modular Framework for Real-Time Motion Planning a...

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作者： Chen, Mo Herbert, Sylvia L. Hu, Haimin Pu, Ye Fisac, Jaime Fernandez Bansal, Somil Han, Soojean Tomlin, Claire J. School of Computing Science Simon Fraser University BurnabyBCV5A 1S6 Canada Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of California San Diego San DiegoCA92122 United States Department of Electrical Engineering Princeton University PrincetonNJ08536 United States Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University of Melbourne ParkvilleVIC3010 Australia Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences University of California Berkeley BerkeleyCA94704 United States Control and Dynamical Systems Program California Institute of Technology Los AngelesCA90019 United States

Real-time, guaranteed safe trajectory planning is vital for navigation in unknown environments. However, real-time navigation algorithms typically sacrifice robustness for computation speed. Alternatively, provably safe trajectory planning tends to be too computationally intensive for real-time replanning. We propose FaSTrack, Fast and Safe Tracking, a framework that achieves both real-time replanning and guaranteed safety. In this framework, real-time computation is achieved by allowing any trajectory planner to use a simplified planning model of the system. The plan is tracked by the system, represented by a more realistic, higher dimensional tracking model. We precompute the tracking error bound (TEB) due to mismatch between the two models and due to external disturbances. We also obtain the corresponding tracking controller used to stay within the TEB. The precomputation does not require prior knowledge of the environment. We demonstrate FaSTrack using Hamilton-Jacobi reachability for precomputation and three different real-time trajectory planners with three different tracking-planning model pairs. © 1963-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Real time systems

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