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Sub-50 nm optical imaging in ambient air with 10× objective lens enabled by hyper-hemi-microsphere

Light(Science & Applications) 2023年第3期12卷 398-408页

作者： Guangxing Wu Yan Zhou Minghui Hong Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore4 Engineering Drive 3Singapore117576Singapore School of Aerospace Engineering Xiamen UniversityXiamen361005China Present address:Peng Cheng Laboratory Shenzhen518055China

Optical microsphere nanoscope has great potential in the inspection of integrated circuit chips for semiconductor industry and morphological characterization in biology due to its superior resolving power and label-free ***,its resolution in ambient air is restricted by the magnification and numerical aperture(NA)of *** magnification objective lens is required to be coupled with microsphere for nano-imaging beyond the diffraction *** overcome these challenges,in this work,high refractive index hyper-hemi-microspheres with tunable magnification up to 10×are proposed and realized by accurately tailoring their thickness with focused ion beam(FIB)*** effective refractive index is put forward to guide the design of *** demonstrate that the imaging resolution and contrast of a hyper-hemi-microsphere with a higher magnification and larger NA excel those of a microsphere in ***,the hyper-hemi-microsphere could resolve~50 nm feature with higher image fidelity and contrast compared with liquid immersed high refractive index *** a hyper-hemi-microsphere composed microscale compound lens configuration,sub-50 nm optical imaging in ambient air is realized by only coupling with a 10×objective lens(NA=0.3),which enhances a conventional microscope imaging power about an order of magnitude.

关键词： ambient immersed refractive

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PLC and Human Machine Interface based PV Condition Monitoring Structure Comprising an Innovative Fault Detection Scheme 3

PLC and Human Machine Interface based PV Condition Monitorin...

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3rd International Conference on Energy Transition in the Mediterranean Area, SyNERGY MED 2024

作者： Nedaei, Amir Eskandari, Aref Pourshahbaz, Nima Salehpour, Sherko Parvin, Parviz Livera, Andreas Makrides, George Aghaei, Mohammadreza Department of Electrical Engineering Tehran Iran Department of Electrical Engineering Tehran Iran Department of Physics and Energy Engineering Tehran Iran PHAENTON Centre of Excellence for Intelligent Efficient and Sustainable Energy Solutions PV Technology Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Nicosia Cyprus PHAETHON Centre of Excellence for Intelligent Efficient and Sustainable Energy Solutions PV Technology Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Nicosia Cyprus Department of Ocean Operations and Civil Engineering Ålesund Norway Freiburg Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9798350375923

Photovoltaic (PV) systems operate outdoors and are inevitably exposed to various environmental stresses. These stresses may result in several faults and failures which can affect the PV proper performance in terms of reducing the output power and even in some catastrophic cases may end in fire hazards. Therefore, PV systems need to be constantly and carefully monitored to maintain their appropriate performance. In this paper, a condition monitoring (CM) scheme is proposed based on the Programmable Logic Controller (PLC). The scheme is capable to detect line-to-line (LL) and line-to-ground (LG) faults on the DC-side of the PV array and also enables the system to track the maximum power point (MPP) and provides the operator with the real-time PV information via Human-Machine Interface (HMI). © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Fire hazards

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A novel medical image data protection scheme for smart healthcare system

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CAAI Transactions on Intelligence Technology 2024年第4期9卷 821-836页

作者： Mujeeb Ur Rehman Arslan Shafique Muhammad Shahbaz Khan Maha Driss Wadii Boulila Yazeed Yasin Ghadi Suresh Babu Changalasetty Majed Alhaisoni Jawad Ahmad School of Computer Science and Informatics Cyber Technology InstituteDe Montfort UniversityLeicesterUK Department of Biomedical Engineering University of GlasgowGlasgowUK School of Computing Engineering and the Built EnvironmentEdinburgh Napier UniversityEdinburghUK Robotics and Internet‐of‐Things Laboratory Prince Sultan UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia Department of Computer Science Al Ain UniversityAl AinUnited Arab Emirates Department of Computer Engineering College of Computer Science King Khalid UniversityAbhaSaudi Arabia Computer Sciences Department College of Computer and Information SciencesPrincess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia

The Internet of Multimedia Things(IoMT)refers to a network of interconnected multimedia devices that communicate with each other over the ***,smart healthcare has emerged as a significant application of the IoMT,particularly in the context of knowledge‐based learning *** healthcare systems leverage knowledge‐based learning to become more context‐aware,adaptable,and auditable while maintain-ing the ability to learn from historical *** smart healthcare systems,devices capture images,such as X‐rays,Magnetic Resonance *** security and integrity of these images are crucial for the databases used in knowledge‐based learning systems to foster structured decision‐making and enhance the learning abilities of ***,in knowledge‐driven systems,the storage and transmission of HD medical images exert a burden on the limited bandwidth of the communication channel,leading to data trans-mission *** address the security and latency concerns,this paper presents a lightweight medical image encryption scheme utilising bit‐plane decomposition and chaos *** results of the experiment yield entropy,energy,and correlation values of 7.999,0.0156,and 0.0001,*** validates the effectiveness of the encryption system proposed in this paper,which offers high‐quality encryption,a large key space,key sensitivity,and resistance to statistical attacks.

关键词： data analysis medical image processing security

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Software engineering Research in a World with Generative Artificial Intelligence 24

Software Engineering Research in a World with Generative Art...

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44th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Software engineering, ICSE 2024

作者： Rinard, Martin Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory Massachusetts Institute of Technology Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science CambridgeMA United States

Generative artificial intelligence systems such as large language models (LLMs) exhibit powerful capabilities that many see as the kind of flexible and adaptive intelligence that previously only humans could exhibit. ... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9798400702174

关键词： Software engineering

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Evolutionary Algorithm-Based Energy-Aware Path Planning with a Quadrotor for Warehouse Inventory Management

HighTech and Innovation Journal

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HighTech and Innovation Journal 2023年第4期4卷 829-837页

作者： De Guzman, C.J.P. Chua, A.Y. Chu, T.S. Secco, E.L. Department of Mechanical Engineering De La Salle University 2401 Taft Ave. Malate Manila Philippines Robotics Laboratory School of Mathematics Computer Science & Engineering Liverpool Hope University United Kingdom

Quadrotors have been vital for automating warehouse processes. However, a significant gap in recent studies is that they use a single quadrotor with limited battery life, considering that their objective involves navigation in a large-scale environment such as a warehouse. Using an energy consumption model to enable more efficient navigation can be explored. Conventional data-driven energy models and path planning algorithms are insufficient for describing the various motions that a quadrotor can perform in warehouse operations, such as changes in yaw. This study aims to design a novel exhaustive data-driven energy consumption model and evolutionary algorithm-based path planning algorithm to consider various quadrotor movements involved in warehouse operations. The quadrotor is tasked with performing a set of movements to each be represented as a power equation in terms of their velocity. The obtained equations were subsequently used as the primary optimization objective for the path planning algorithm, which included yaw angle objectives and constraints. A set of experiments was performed with Crazyflie quadrotors to verify the model and the algorithm. The results showcased the accuracy of the energy consumption model, which was kept at a maximum difference of 0.6%. The designed path planning algorithm obtained greater energy efficiency in the generated paths compared to other state-of-the-art evolutionary algorithms with similar objectives and constraints. © Authors retain all.

关键词： Motion planning

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A Survey of Integrating Generative Artificial Intelligence and 6G Mobile Services: Architectures, Solutions, Technologies and Outlooks

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IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking 2025年第3期11卷 1334-1356页

作者： Liu, Yi-Jing Du, Hongyang Xu, Xinyi Zhang, Ruichen Feng, Gang Cao, Bin Niyato, Dusit In Kim, Dong Jamalipour, Abbas Ben Letaief, Khaled Tafazolli, Rahim University of Electronic Science and Technology of China National Key Laboratory on Wireless Communications Chengdu610054 China University of Hong Kong Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Hong Kong Nanyang Technological University College of Computing and Data Science Jurong West Singapore Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology Beijing100876 China Sungkyunkwan University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Suwon03063 Korea Republic of University of Sydney School of Electrical and Computer Engineering SydneyNSW2006 Australia Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering Hong Kong Institute for Communication Systems School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering University of Surrey GuildfordGU2 7XH United Kingdom

Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) is rapidly driving a new phase of artificial intelligence revolution, marked by various applications such as ChatGPT, Sora and DeepSeek. With powerful capabilities in content generation, personalization and user interaction, GenAI can drive significant enhancements in various mobile services to satisfy individual user preferences. Meanwhile, mobile services offer substantial support for accessibility, functionality and intelligence of GenAI applications. However, current research on integrating GenAI and mobile services remains nascent, lacking necessary theoretical and technical support. In this survey, we break down a new vision to guide research on integrating GenAI and mobile services, aiming to improve 6G intelligence levels and enable 6G mobile networks to support the integration of GenAI and mobile services effectively. We begin by examining the necessity of integrating GenAI with 6G mobile services and exploring potential learning architectures of GenAI models within mobile networks. Next, we analyze potential solutions from two perspectives: how 6G mobile networks empower GenAI and how GenAI enables mobile services. We subsequently explore a promising use case, along with essential features and techniques, to facilitate the integration of GenAI and mobile services. Finally, we discuss future research directions, aiming at realizing intelligent 6G networks. © 2015 IEEE.

关键词： Generative adversarial networks

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Advancing Mars Exploration: Development of a Large-Scale Gravity Compensation System for Landers during Descent

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IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems 2025年第3期61卷 6697-6710页

作者： Sun, Haining Tang, Xiaoqiang Ge, Shuzhi Sam Agency for Science Technology and Research Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology 138634 Singapore Tsinghua University Department of Mechanical Engineering State Key Laboratory of Tribology Beijing100084 China National University of Singapore Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering 117583 Singapore

As space exploration advances, an increasing number of planets are becoming targets for landing missions. Before officially launching a lander, it is essential to conduct landing tests on Earth to verify the functionality of the lander. One key challenge is to simulate the target planet's gravity environment during the lander's descent. In this study, a large-scale gravity compensation system is developed to physically simulate the Martian gravity for the landing tests of a Mars lander. The system integrates a constant force mechanism and electronic control systems, working closely to ensure smooth transitions between working states during the landing tests. Based on the principle of minimum potential energy, an expression for the output force of the constant force mechanism is established, and the influence of factors such as mechanical parameters on the output force is analyzed. Experimental results show that the system can provide gravity compensation for a 720-kg Mars lander. It maintains a nearly constant output force even when the lander touches the ground and during the subsequent period, demonstrating its adaptability to transient collisions and sudden state changes. © 1965-2011 IEEE.

关键词： Space research

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A deep learning-based model for automated STN localization using local field potentials in Parkinson’s disease

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Soft Computing 2025年第4期29卷 2343-2362页

作者： Hosny, Mohamed Naeem, Mohamed A. Zhu, Minwei Gao, Wenpeng Elshenhab, Ahmed M. Fu, Yili Department of Electrical Engineering Benha Faculty of Engineering Benha University Benha Egypt State Key Laboratory of Robotics and Systems Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin150080 China Department of Mechatronics and Robotics Engineering Faculty of Engineering South Valley University Qena Egypt First Affiliated Hospital Harbin Medical University Harbin150001 China School of Life Science and Technology Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin150080 China Department of Mathematics Faculty of Science Mansoura University Mansoura35516 Egypt

Accurate identification of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) borders is time-consuming, relying heavily on the neurosurgeon expertise in manually interpreting the electrophysiological signals. Local field potentials (LFPs) have garnered imperative attention due to their strong correlation with the STN. However, existing detection models often face challenges with high computational complexity, hyperparameter optimization and lack of explainability, making them unreliable for clinicians. Therefore, this study introduces an explanatory framework using convolutional neural networks (CNN) for detecting the STN region from LFPs. Continuous wavelet transform is employed to convert LFPs signals into scalogram images, which are then processed by sixteen CNN models. We evaluated our framework by examining the impact of various limiting factors on the classification performance, including model size, learning rate (LR), optimizers and data scaling. Deep features are extracted from the top-performing CNN architectures to capture rich representations of the scalograms. These features are then fused and classified using k-nearest neighbour algorithm. Gradient-weighted class activation mapping is used to explain the decisions made by the proposed model. Our approach achieved an accuracy of 99.61%, outperforming individual CNN models for STN localization. The experimental results revealed that CNN models, embedded with additional hyperparameters and layers, generally outperformed smaller models. Besides, low LR significantly enhanced the performance compared to high LR. Moreover, features extracted from untuned networks produced lower performance than tuned networks. The proposed system could revolutionize deep brain stimulation surgery by increasing efficiency and reducing reliance on clinician expertise for STN detection. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Wavelet transforms

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Pulsed Electromagnetic Field Interaction With a Transmission Line: An Analytical Traveling-Wave Approach Based on Reciprocity

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IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 2025年第6期73卷 3783-3791页

作者： Štumpf, Martin Antonini, Giulio Lager, Ioan E. Ekman, Jonas FEEC Brno University of Technology Lerch Laboratory of EM Research Department of Radio Electronics Brno616 00 Czech Republic EISLAB Luleå University of Technology Department of Computer Science Electrical and Space Engineering Luleå971 87 Sweden University of L’Aquila UAq EMC Laboratory Department of Industrial and Information Engineering and Economics L’Aquila671 00 Italy Delft University of Technology Terahertz Sensing Group Faculty of Electrical Engineering Mathematics and Computer Science Delft2628 CD Netherlands

Pulsed electromagnetic (EM) field signal transfer from a general EM source distribution to a transmission line (TL) is analyzed with the aid of Lorentz’s reciprocity theorem. In this fashion, the transient voltage induced by the impulsive EM source is expressed through the EM fields as radiated by the TL. These transmitted EM fields are expressed in closed form using an analytical procedure that resembles the Cagniard-De Hoop (CdH) technique. The validity of the proposed reciprocity-based methodology is verified with the aid of an alternative analytical solution describing the EM field signal transfer excited by an impulsive vertical electric dipole (VED). Illustrative numerical examples are presented. © 1963-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Time domain analysis

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Flexible pressure sensors with ultrahigh stress tolerance enabled by periodic microslits

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第1期10卷 301-311页

作者： Song Wang Chenying Wang Yifan Zhao Yujing Zhang Yaxin Zhang Xiangyue Xu Qijing Lin Kai Yao Yuheng Wang Feng Han Yu Sun Zhuangde Jiang State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement TechnologiesSchool of Mechanical EngineeringXi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’anChina State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement TechnologiesSchool of Instrument Science and TechnologyXi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’anChina The Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Ningbo UniversityNingboChina Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering University of TorontoTorontoCanada

Stress tolerance plays a vital role in ensuring the effectiveness of piezoresistive sensing films used in flexible pressure ***,existing methods for enhancing stress tolerance employ dome-shaped,wrinkle-shaped,and pyramidal-shaped microstructures in intricate molding and demolding processes,which introduce significant fabrication challenges and limit the sensing *** address these shortcomings,this paper presents periodic microslits in a sensing film made of multiwalled carbon nanotubes and polydimethylsiloxane to realize ultrahigh stress tolerance with a theoretical maximum of 2.477 MPa and a sensitivity of 18.092 kPa−*** periodic microslits permit extensive deformation under high pressure(e.g.,400 kPa)to widen the detection ***,the periodic microslits also enhance the sensitivity based on simultaneously exhibiting multiple synapses within the sensing interface and between the periodic sensing *** proposed solution is verified by experiments using sensors based on the microslit strategy for wind direction detection,robot movement sensing,and human health *** these experiments,vehicle load detection is achieved for ultrahigh pressure sensing under an ultrahigh pressure of over 400 kPa and a ratio of the contact area to the total area of 32.74%.The results indicate that the proposed microslit strategy can achieve ultrahigh stress tolerance while simplifying the fabrication complexity of preparing microstructure sensing films.

关键词： robot shaped stress

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