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Enhanced waveform interpolative coding at 4 kbps 6

Enhanced waveform interpolative coding at 4 kbps

引用

6th IEEE Workshop on Speech Coding

作者： Gottesman, Oded Gersho, Allen Signal Compression Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California Santa BarbaraCA93106 United States

ISBN: (纸本)0780356519

This paper presents an enhanced waveform interpolative (EWI) speech coder at 4 kbps. The system incorporates novel features such as analysis-by-synthesis (AbS) vector-quantization (VQ) of the dispersion-phase, AbS optimization of the slowly evolving waveform (SEW), a special pitch search for transitions, and switched-predictive analysis-by-synthesis gain VQ. Subjective quality tests indicate that it exceeds that of MPEG-4 at 4 kbps and of G.723.1 at 5.3 kbps, and it is slightly better than that of G.723.1 at 6.3 kbps. © 1999 IEEE.

关键词： Vector quantization

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ENHANCED ANALYSIS-BY-SYNTHESIS WAVEFORM INTERPOLATIVE CODING AT 4 KBPS 6

ENHANCED ANALYSIS-BY-SYNTHESIS WAVEFORM INTERPOLATIVE CODING...

引用

6th European Conference on Speech Communication and Technology, EUROSPEECH 1999

作者： Gottesman, Oded Gersho, Allen Signal Compression Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California Santa BarbaraCA93106 United States

This paper presents an Enhanced analysis-by-synthesis (AbS) Waveform Interpolative (EWI) speech coder at 4 kbps. The system incorporates novel features such as: AbS quantization of the slowly evolving waveform (SEW), AbS vector quantization (VQ) of the dispersion phase, a special pitch search for transitions, and switched-predictive analysis-by-synthesis gain VQ. Subjective quality tests indicate that it exceeds MPEG-4 at 4 kbps and of G.723.1 at 5.3 kbps, and it is slightly better than G.723.1 at 6.3 kbps. © 1999 6th European Conference on Speech Communication and Technology, EUROSPEECH 1999. All rights reserved.

关键词： Vector quantization

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Multimode spectral coding of speech at 2400 bps and below

Multimode spectral coding of speech at 2400 bps and below

引用

1995 IEEE Workshop on Speech Coding for Telecommunications, SCFT 1995

作者： Das, Amitava Gersho, Allen Signal Compression Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California Santa BarbaraCA93106 United States

We present a low bit rate multimode speech coding algorithm which applies a suitable spectral model and a custom quantization scheme to each frame according to the selected mode. For unvoiced speech, the spectrum is characterized by a fixed-dimension spectral shape vector (SSV), while the spectra of 13 different voiced modes are specified by the pitch and a variable dimension SSV. A variable dimension vector quantization technique offers efficient spectral quantization and improves overall speech quality. A variable rate (1.7 kb/s avg. rate;2.4 kb/s max. rate) implementation of the multimode algorithm yields speech quality comparable to the 4.8 kb/s FS 1016 CELP coder and the 4.15 kb/s Inmarsat-MIMBE coder. © 1995 Proceedings - 1995 IEEE Workshop on Speech Coding for Telecommunications: Speech Coding for Interoperable Global Communications, SCFT 1995. All rights reserved.

关键词： Speech coding

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compression of multifractal object boundaries: A comparison of two approaches

Compression of multifractal object boundaries: A comparison ...

引用

Canadian Conference on electrical and computer engineering 2005

作者： Siddiqui, S. El-Boustani, A. Kinsner, W. Signal and Data Compression Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Manitoba Winnipeg Man. R3T 5V6 Canada

This paper presents a comparative study of two approaches that address the problem of compression of arbitrary object boundaries resulting from image segmentation. The first approach uses multiresolution based techniques, in which the boundary is represented compactly by two sets of descriptors and control points which are obtained by applying wavelet and fractal analysis. The midpoint displacement algorithm is then applied to the two sets of control points in order to reconstruct the boundaries with the required fractal dimension. The second approach is based on the iterated function system (IFS). In this approach, the object boundary is regarded as an attractor of an IFS having the same Rényi fractal dimension spectrum as the original boundary. The experimental results show that the multifractal object boundaries can be modelled compactly using both approaches. The compression ratio achieved for the wavelet-based approach was 285:1, while for the IFS-based approach it was 52:1. These results can be compared with state of the art image compression techniques such as JPEG2000. © 2005 IEEE.

关键词： Image segmentation

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Surrogate ECG signals for the null-hypothesis analysis of heart monitoring

Surrogate ECG signals for the null-hypothesis analysis of he...

引用

Canadian Conference on electrical and computer engineering 2005

作者： Potter, M. Kinsner, W. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Signal and Data Compression Laboratory University of Manitoba Winnipeg Man. R3T 5V6 Canada

This paper introduces a class of synthetic electrocardiograms (ECG) for the purpose of testing the sensitivity and robustness of heart-monitoring techniques in controlled and reproducible simulations. These ECG surrogates are constructed by adapting an existing standard ECG synthesizer to act as a modulator on a tachogram input, enabling null-hypothesis analysis on heart-rate variability. This establishes an empirical link between the tachogram literature and the design of heart monitoring techniques. The new methodology is demonstrated experimentally and its performance is discussed. © 2005 IEEE.

关键词： Electrocardiography

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Rotation sensitivity of independent component analysis to outliers

Rotation sensitivity of independent component analysis to ou...

引用

Canadian Conference on electrical and computer engineering 2005

作者： Gadhok, N. Kinsner, W. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Signal and Data Compression Laboratory University of Manitoba Winnipeg Man. R3T 5V6 Canada

This paper evaluates the outlier sensitivity of five independent component analysis (ICA) algorithms (FastICA, Extended-Infomax, JADE, Radical-ICA, and β-divergence) using (i) the Amari separation performance index, (ii) the optimum angle of rotation error, and (iii) the contrast function difference, in an outlier-contaminated mixture simulation. The Amari separation performance index has revealed a strong sensitivity of JADE and FastICA (using 3rd- and 4th-order nonlinearities) to outliers. However, the two contrast measures demonstrated conclusively that β-divergence is the least outlier-sensitive algorithm, followed by Radical-ICA, FastICA (exponential and hyperbolic-tangent nonlinearities), Extended-Infomax, JADE, and FastICA (3rd- and 4th-order nonlinearities) in an outlier-contaminated mixture of two uniformly distributed signals. The novelty of this paper is the development of an unbiased optimization-landscape environment for assessing outlier sensitivity, as well as the optimum angle of rotation error and the contrast function difference as promising new measures for assessing the outlier sensitivity of ICA algorithms. © 2005 IEEE.

关键词： Independent component analysis

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Local and global analysis of multifractal singularity spectrum through wavelets

Local and global analysis of multifractal singularity spectr...

引用

Canadian Conference on electrical and computer engineering 2005

作者： Faghfouri, A. Kinsner, W. Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering Signal and Data Compression Laboratory University of Manitoba Winnipeg Man. R3T 5V6 Canada

This paper presents the implementation aspects pertinent to the computation of the multifractal singularity spectrum through wavelets, and the methods of overcoming them. Multifractals are mixtures of monofractals, and monofractals are self-affine objects that hold power law relationships over several scales. Such multifractals can be detected and measured through a singularity spectrum. Many natural and artificial phenomena such as turbulence, diffusion limited aggregates, and electrical discharges exhibit multifractality. Since these phenomena are highly nonlinear and nonstationary, regular analyses such as Fourier decomposition cannot characterize them effectively. In order to characterize, compare and quantify multifractal objects, appropriate measures such as the Rényi fractal dimension spectrum (RS) and Mandelbrot singularity spectrum (MS) are required. There are two major methods for calculating a singularity spectrum;one is through Legendre transform of the RS, and the other is through the wavelet transform modulus maxima (WTMM) method. This paper provides solutions to the difficulties that arise in the computation of the MS through WTMM, for one-dimensional signals and compares them to the existing multifractal literature and software implementations. Appropriate mother wavelets, continuous wavelet implementation, and thresholding of the wavelet coefficients are also discussed. © 2005 IEEE.

关键词： signal processing

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Singularity processing of nonstationary signals

Singularity processing of nonstationary signals

引用

Canadian Conference on electrical and computer engineering (CCECE)

作者： A. Langi W. Kinsner Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Signal and Data Compression Laboratory University of Manitoba MAN Canada

This paper presents a new approach in processing nonstationary signals-such as speech signals and images-through singularity characterization. In this approach, we associate a singular measure /spl mu//sub f(t/) (r) with a transient at time t of a signal f(t) (where a real number r>0 is a time perturbation around t) and use the singularity behaviour of the measure for the characterization of the signal nonstationarity. The approach is capable of characterizing isolated transients through Holder exponents (or singularity strength), as well as mixture transients (e.g. singularity everywhere) through the concept of fractality and multifractality. The paper discusses the concept and the practicality of applying this approach to signals. The paper also shows that this approach can provide a unifying framework for previously published work on applying nonlinear, chaotic, fractal, and multifractal analysis to signals. We show that the main conceptual issue in applying fractality and multifractality to signals using this framework is the proper selection of signal measures.

关键词： signal processing Fractals signal analysis Speech analysis Chaos Image edge detection Image coding Speech recognition Image analysis Image texture analysis

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Secure and resilient data printed on paper

Secure and resilient data printed on paper

引用

Canadian Conference on electrical and computer engineering (CCECE)

作者： A. Denis W. Kinsner Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Signal and Data Compression Laboratory University of Manitoba Winnipeg MAN Canada

Transmission and printing of sensitive information requires both data security, and protection against random and burst errors. This paper describes a technique that achieves two objectives: secure and reliable transmission of information; and integrity of the original information printed on paper. Information printed on paper is prone to burst and random errors. Resilience of the information to such errors is obtained by introducing redundancy into the original data using forward error correcting codes. We have selected a concatenation of a Reed-Solomon (RS) code, interleaved with a self-orthogonal majority decodable convolutional code. To measure the performance of the concatenated code, the bit error rate against signal to noise ratio of the code is compared with codes of equivalent rate (e.g., RS code alone) and with the unencoded data. Security of the printed data can be achieved through encryption. We have selected a probabilistic encryption scheme of messages to achieve an increased security against reverse engineering of the printed pattern. A new document signature extraction scheme based on fractal signal processing is described. Such a signature is then included with the document in the security pattern.

关键词： data security Error correction codes Cryptography Printing Protection Resilience Redundancy Reed-Solomon codes Decoding Convolutional codes

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Power system transient modelling and classification

Power system transient modelling and classification

引用

Canadian Conference on electrical and computer engineering (CCECE)

作者： J. Chen W. Kinsner B. Huang Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Signal and Data Compression Laboratory University of Manitoba Winnipeg MAN Canada

This paper presents a method of modelling of power transients and their classification. A discrete wavelet transform and multifractal analysis based on a variance fractal dimension trajectory technique are used as tools to analyze the transients for feature extraction. A probabilistic neural network is used as a classifier for classification of transients associated with power system faults and switching. Experiments show that the classification system can achieve classification rate of 99% for power transients, and is robust in noisy environments.

关键词： Power system transients Power system modeling Discrete wavelet transforms Fractals Analysis of variance Transient analysis Wavelet analysis Feature extraction Neural networks Power system faults

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