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Encryption of medical data based on blockchain and multi-chaotic maps

Multimedia Tools and Applications 2024年 1-22页

作者： Sharma, Suvita Rani Singh, Birmohan Kaur, Manpreet Department of Computer Science and Engineering Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology Punjab Longowal148106 India Department of Electrical and Instrumentation Engineering Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology Punjab Longowal148106 India

In this work, the SHA-256 mapper of the blockchain has been utilized to secure medical data from brute-force attacks. The uniform distribution and lower correlation of the encrypted data are achieved using the multi-chaotic in the encryption approach. Also, the circular shift method is employed in the approach to avoid differential attacks. The encryption approach is applied to secure the patient information, medical signals (ECG and EEG), and medical images (Grayscale, RGB, and Hyperspectral). The performance of the proposed approach has been analyzed for twenty signals and fifty medical images. Performance metrics such as MSE, SNR, PSNR, entropy, histogram, variance, chi-square, NPCR, UACI, and SSIM have been considered to check the resilience of the proposed approach against various types of attacks. The proposed approach satisfies the requirements of performance metrics by achieving higher MSE values with lower SNR and PSNR values for the encrypted data. Furthermore, the proposed methodology attains an entropy approaching 8, signifying robust randomness and resistance against entropy attacks. The SSIM values for encrypted images are close to 0, indicating significant dissimilarity from the original images. The NPCR values surpassing 99.60% and UACI exceeding 33.40% demonstrate resilience against differential attacks in the proposed approach. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Cryptography

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Uncertainty quantification in large language models through convex hull analysis

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Discover Artificial Intelligence 2024年第1期4卷 1-14页

作者： Catak, Ferhat Ozgur Kuzlu, Murat Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Stavanger Rogaland Norway Department of Engineering Technology Old Dominion University NorfolkVA United States

Uncertainty quantification approaches have been more critical in large language models (LLMs), particularly high-risk applications requiring reliable outputs. However, traditional methods for uncertainty quantification, such as probabilistic models and ensemble techniques, face challenges when applied to the complex and high-dimensional nature of LLM-generated outputs. This study proposes a novel geometric approach to uncertainty quantification using convex hull analysis. The proposed method leverages the spatial properties of response embeddings to measure the dispersion and variability of model outputs. The prompts are categorized into three types, i.e., ’easy’, ’moderate’, and ’confusing’, to generate multiple responses using different LLMs at varying temperature settings. The responses are transformed into high-dimensional embeddings via a BERT model and subsequently projected into a two-dimensional space using Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Isomap, Multidimensional Scaling (MDS). The Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (DBSCAN) algorithm is utilized to cluster the embeddings and compute the convex hull for each selected cluster. The experimental results indicate that the uncertainty of the model for LLMs depends on the prompt complexity, the model, and the temperature setting. © The Author(s) 2024.

关键词： Embeddings

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THE EFFICIENCY AND SECURITY OF MULTI-UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE COMMUNICATION NETWORKS: FEDERATED LEARNING BASED ON LIGHTWEIGHT BLOCKCHAIN

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International Journal of electrical engineering 2024年第1期31卷 23-31页

作者： Chung, Hao-Tse Wang, Li-Chun Cheng, Shao-Hung Institute of Electrical and Computer Engineering National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taiwan Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Chung Cheng Institute of Technology NDU Taiwan

This study develops an innovative federated learning framework specifically designed for multi-unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), utilizing blockchain technology to achieve lightweight, secure, and efficient data processing. In this architecture, UAVs directly participate in federated learning without the need for a central server. Instead, a series of base stations execute blockchain nodes to process gradient information and maintain the system. We eliminate single points of failure by transferring gradient aggregation from the central server to blockchain nodes, thereby enhancing the system’s stability and reliability. Furthermore, the use of a private Inter Planetary File System (IPFS) reduces storage and communication costs. A Byzantine Fault Tolerance (BFT) consensus mechanism is adopted to improve system efficiency and security. Experiments confirm that our proposed architecture effectively prevents model poisoning attacks, even in scenarios where malicious blockchain nodes are in the majority, thus ensuring learning performance. Finally, a node reputation selection mechanism based on the Multi-Krum algorithm is introduced to increase the likelihood of nodes submitting high-quality gradients, thereby enhancing overall system efficiency. © 2024, Chinese Institute of electrical engineering. All rights reserved.

关键词： Aircraft communication

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A 69MHz-Bandwidth 40V/μ s-Slew-Rate 3n V/√Hz-Noise 4.5 μ V-Offset Chopper Operational Amplifier

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IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers 2024年第7期71卷 2977-2988页

作者： Koolivand, Yarallah Rezaeiyan, Yasser Zamani, Milad Akbari, Meysam Shoaei, Omid Tang, Kea-Tiong Moradi, Farshad Khajeh Nasir Toosi University of Technology Faculty of Electrical Engineering Tehran16317-14191 Iran Aarhus University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Aarhus8000 Denmark University of Kurdistan Department of Engineering Sanandaj66177-15177 Iran University of Tehran Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Tehran*** Iran National Tsing Hua University Faculty of Electrical Engineering Hsinchu300044 Taiwan

This paper presents a chopper-stabilized three-stage operational amplifier (OpAmp) with a unity gain bandwidth of 69 MHz and an input referred noise density of 3 nV√Hz. The proposed design achieves a stable unity gain by proposing a new pole and zero scheme with very low power consumption, drawing only 3.3 mA from a 1.8 V power supply while driving a load capacitor as large as 100pF. To achieve rail-to-rail input swing, the design uses both NMOS and PMOS differential pairs at the input and biases them in the subthreshold region to provide an identical net trans-conductance over the rail-to-rail input common mode. Furthermore, an adaptive biasing is employed and the current sources are kept ON during large signal transitions at the input, thus eliminating crossover distortion and providing a high slew rate of 40 V/μs at a 100 pF load capacitor. The design employs chopping at 2.5 MHz and is enhanced with a local ripple reduction loop, making the OpAmp suitable for high gain and wide bandwidth applications with less filtering required. The design also reduces the input bias current significantly from 500 nA to 1.5 nA by buffering the input and applying it to the modified bootstrap switches. The proposed OpAmp, fabricated in a 0.18μm CMOS process, exhibits a maximum offset of 4.5μV , a flicker noise corner frequency of 246 Hz, a DC gain of 146 dB, a power supply rejection ratio of 123 dB, and a common mode rejection ratio of 116 dB. © 2004-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Operational amplifiers

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A Review on Self-healing in Modern Power Distribution Systems

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2023年第6期11卷 1719-1733页

作者： Seyed Ali Arefifar Md Shahin Alam Abdullah Hamadi IEEE Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Oakland UniversityRochesterUSA Department of Energy and Technology Odessa CollegeOdessaUSA School of Engineering and Technology Western Illinois UniversityMacombUSA

The ever-increasing dependence on electrical power has posed more challenges to power system engineers to deliver secure, stable, and sustained energy to electricity consumers. Due to the increasing occurrence of short-and long-term power interruptions in the power system, the need for a systematic approach to mitigate the negative impacts of such events is further manifested. Self-healing and its control strategies are generally accepted as a solution for this concern. Due to the importance of self-healing subject in power distribution systems, this paper conducts a comprehensive literature review on self-healing from existing published papers. The concept of self-healing is briefly described, and the published papers in this area are categorized based on key factors such as self-healing optimization goals, available control actions, and solution methods. Some proficient techniques adopted for self-healing improvements are also classified to have a better comparison and selection of methods for new investigators. Moreover, future research directions that need to be explored to improve self-healing operations in modern power distribution systems are investigated and described at the end of this paper.

关键词： Self-healing distributed generator renewable energy source microgrid optimization reconfiguration service restoration automation system

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Statistical approaches to assess the performance of domestic air-to-water heat pumps

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International Journal of Ambient Energy 2023年第1期44卷 1316-1328页

作者： Tangwe, Stephen Kusakana, Kanzumba Department of Electrical Electronic and Computer Engineering Central University of Technology Bloemfontein South Africa

Air-to-water heat pump (AWHP) is a renewable and efficient technology used in sanitary water heating. This study focused on the employment of statistical methods to compare the coefficient of performance (COP) and electrical energies consumed using 1.2 kW, 150 L split type AWHP and 0.9 kW, 150 L integrated type AWHP, with 0.5 kW as auxiliary electric heater. The COPs and the electrical energies consumed were determined from the controlled volumes of hot water drawn from each tank at different use periods. The average month-day COPs of the specific volumes of hot water from either system were above two. The p-values from the one-way ANOVA (analysis of variance) and the Kruskal–Wallis tests of the groups’ COPs were smaller than 0.01 and showed significant differences at 99% confidence level. The study can assist energy service companies and researchers, to test for statistical differences in the performance among different AWHPs. © 2023 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

关键词： Analysis of variance (ANOVA)

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A Color Image Encryption Scheme Based on Singular Values and Chaos

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computer Modeling in engineering & Sciences 2023年第10期137卷 965-999页

作者： Adnan Malik Muhammad Ali Faisal S.Alsubaei Nisar Ahmed Harish Kumar Electrical Engineering Department University of Engineering and TechnologyLahore54000Pakistan Department of Cybersecurity College of Computer Science and EngineeringUniversity of JeddahJeddah21959Saudi Arabia Computer Engineering Department University of Engineering and TechnologyLahore54000Pakistan Department of Computer Science College of Computer ScienceKing Khalid UniversityAbha61421Saudi Arabia

The security of digital images transmitted via the Internet or other public media is of the utmost *** encryption is a method of keeping an image secure while it travels across a non-secure communication medium where it could be intercepted by unauthorized *** study provides an approach to color image encryption that could find practical use in various *** proposed method,which combines four chaotic systems,employs singular value decomposition and a chaotic sequence,making it both secure and *** unified average change intensity,the number of pixels’change rate,information entropy analysis,correlation coefficient analysis,compression friendliness,and security against brute force,statistical analysis and differential attacks are all used to evaluate the algorithm’s *** a thorough investigation of the experimental data,it is concluded that the proposed image encryption approach is secure against a wide range of attacks and provides superior compression friendliness when compared to chaos-based alternatives.

关键词： Encryption image encryption chaos theory color image encryption singular value decomposition compression friendliness

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Enhancing cyber threat detection with an improved artificial neural network model

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Data Science and Management 2025年第1期8卷 107-115页

作者： Oyinloye, Toluwase Sunday Arowolo, Micheal Olaolu Prasad, Rajesh Department of Computer Science African University of Science and Technology Abuja900107 Nigeria Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Missouri ColumbiaMO65201 United States

Identifying cyberattacks that attempt to compromise digital systems is a critical function of intrusion detection systems (IDS). Data labeling difficulties, incorrect conclusions, and vulnerability to malicious data injections are only a few drawbacks of using machine learning algorithms for cybersecurity. To overcome these obstacles, researchers have created several network IDS models, such as the Hidden Naive Bayes Multiclass Classifier and supervised/unsupervised machine learning techniques. This study provides an updated learning strategy for artificial neural network (ANN) to address data categorization problems caused by unbalanced data. Compared to traditional approaches, the augmented ANN's 92% accuracy is a significant improvement owing to the network's increased resilience to disturbances and computational complexity, brought about by the addition of a random weight and standard scaler. Considering the ever-evolving nature of cybersecurity threats, this study introduces a revolutionary intrusion detection method. © 2024 Xi'an Jiaotong University

关键词： Network intrusion

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Implementation of 16-QAM OFDM for TV white space spectrum efficiency gain in AWGN channel

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International Journal of Wireless and Mobile Computing 2025年第3期28卷 245-256页

作者： Azhar, Khola Omar, Muhammad Usman, Muhammad Khan, Saad Saleem Larkin, Stephen Electrical Engineering Department University of Engineering and Technology Punjab Taxila Pakistan Department of Electrical Engineering United Arab Emirates University Al Ain United Arab Emirates Department of Electrical Engineering National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences Islamabad Pakistan Africa New Energies London United Kingdom

Wireless communication has grown tremendously in recent years, impacting nearly every feature of our lives. The increased exigency for wireless broadband services leads to a huge demand for dynamic spectrum access, such as TV White Spaces (TVWS). The possibility of interference increases with the high density of users, reducing the Spectrum Efficiency (SE). SE improvement techniques have been utilised to resolve network congestion issues. This paper presents the Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) wireless communication model with the Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (16-QAM) technique for TVWS SE gain. The performance analysis of the proposed model is based on parameters such as Packet Loss, Bit Error Rate (BER) and Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR). The constellation diagrams and signal trajectories are used to evaluate the efficacy of the modulation technique. Zero packet loss is achieved by implementing the 16-QAM OFDM, demonstrating efficient usage of TVWS with extended coverage and almost homogeneous data distributions. Copyright © 2025 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

关键词： Signal to noise ratio

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ESG Investing: A Statistically Valid Approach to Data-Driven Decision Making and the Impact of ESG Factors on Stock Returns and Risk

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IEEE Access 2024年 12卷 69434-69444页

作者： Teja, Kamurthi Ravi Liu, Chuan-Ming National Taipei University of Technology International Program of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Taipei10608 Taiwan National Taipei University of Technology Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Taipei10608 Taiwan

This study examines the impact of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors on economic investment from a statistical perspective, aiming to develop a tested investment strategy that capitalizes on the connection between ESG factors and financial performance. ESG investing: A statistically valid approach to data-driven decision-making (ESGI-SVADDM) investment strategy is based on a rigorous, statistically valid approach that utilizes data, math, statistics, and data science libraries to drive investment decisions, eliminating the need for personal opinions and subjectivity. The process includes establishing an investment thesis, formulating testable hypotheses (HPS), retrieving and refining relevant data, calculating relevant measures, and testing and validating all hypotheses. The study uses S&P 500 stock data and ESG data from Sustainalytics to test the hypotheses. The empirical tests conducted revealed a negative correlation between ESG risk and expected returns, as well as a positive trend in the relationship between ESG risk and the overall risk of stocks. Moreover, the study found that higher ESG risk scores are associated with lower returns for investors, and that adopting a strategy of investing in stocks with low ESG risk and shorting stocks with high ESG risk yields superior returns compared to the market portfolio. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Investments

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