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ABA-IDS: Attention-Based Autoencoder for Intrusion Detection in Assistive Mobility Robotic Network

IEEE Access 2025年 13卷 68785-68800页

作者： Ayo Oladele, Daniel Didam Markus, Elisha Central University of Technology Free State Electronic and Computer Engineering Department of Electrical Bloemfontein9301 South Africa

Innovative mobility aids like smart wheelchairs and walkers are transforming the lives of individuals with mobility challenges. These devices use sensors and in-vehicle network technologies, such as Controller Area Network (CAN), to enable real-time data exchange. While CAN is cost-effective, robust, and low-latency, it is vulnerable to cyber-attacks due to issues like message transmission on a shared bus, ID-based priority arbitration, and lack of encryption or authentication mechanisms. To mitigate these vulnerabilities, researchers have developed machine and deep learning-based intrusion detection systems (IDS). However, these systems often struggle with low feature learning and high model complexity, making them unsuitable for resource-constrained CAN networks. This paper introduces ABA-IDS, a low-footprint IDS that uses a ConvLSTM autoencoder with an attention mechanism to detect anomalies in assistive mobility networks. The model's design allows it to efficiently capture key spatial and temporal features of the network. By preprocessing CAN data based on CAN ID and transmission frequency, ABA-IDS combines frequency-based and content-based approaches to enhance anomaly detection. Anomaly scores are generated from reconstruction errors, and testing on a benchmark dataset showed that ABA-IDS outperformed existing models with fewer parameters. This makes ABA-IDS effective for deployment in resource-constrained in-vehicle networks, significantly improving the security of assistive mobility devices against cyber threats. The link to the project repository can be found here. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Network intrusion

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Permanent Magnet Brushless DC Motor Sensorless Control for Solar-Powered and Grid-Integrated Water-Pumping Systems

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International Journal of engineering, Transactions B: Applications 2025年第11期38卷 2760-2775页

作者： Sen, A. Singh, B. Moradzadeh, A. Mahtani, K. Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Delhi New Delhi India Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Tabriz Tabriz Iran Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Universidad Politécnica de Madrid Madrid Spain

Permanent magnet brushless DC motors (PMBLDCM) are at the core of most water-pumping systems, which are increasingly moving towards the integration of solar photovoltaic power in domestic, agricultural and industrial applications. However, these systems often face power intermittency due to variable environmental conditions and nighttime outages, leading to underperformance. This study tackles the inherent challenges in ensuring efficient, stable, and cost-effective operation of PMBLDCMs in hybrid solar-grid water-pumping systems without position sensors. The proposed control method integrates an adaptive proportional resonant controller-based phase-locked loop (PLL) to enhance system reliability and performance, ensuring smooth grid interaction with minimal power fluctuations, along with a novel sensorless commutation algorithm for precise rotor position estimation. The proposed control system requires only one line voltage for position estimation, and one phase current for estimation refinement under varying dynamic conditions. The proposed system is validated through an experimental approach, demonstrating its potential to significantly improve the efficiency of solar-powered grid-integrated water-pumping systems, by allowing for a 17% load capacity increase, and 13 % reduction in system costs, making it a significant improvement over existing methods. ©2025 The author(s).

关键词： Brushless DC motors

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A Magnetic Signal Based Device Fingerprinting Scheme in Wireless Charging

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IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing 2025年第3期22卷 2943-2958页

作者： Li, Jiachun Meng, Yan Zhang, Le Chen, Guoxing Tian, Yuan Zhu, Haojin Shanghai Jiao Tong University Department of Computer Science and Engineering Shanghai200240 China Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Institute for Technology Los AngelesCA90095 United States

Wireless charging is widely used to charge smart devices with limited battery capacity. However, it is susceptible to the identity spoofing attack, where adversaries can impersonate malicious devices as legitimate ones to gain unauthorized access and potentially disrupt the wireless charging system (e.g., resulting in incorrect billing, overheating, or even explosions). Device fingerprinting is a classical method for defending against identity spoofing attacks. However, applying existing schemes in wireless charging scenarios has drawbacks such as inconvenience (e.g., requiring specialized devices or user participation) and ineffectiveness (e.g., vulnerability to spoofing). Thus, we design a novel passive, effective, and robust device fingerprinting scheme called MagID for wireless charging systems. The insight of MagID lies in the fact that during wireless charging, the magnetic signal around a device can reflect inherent hardware differences. These differences can be extracted as unique fingerprints for authentication purposes. MagID leverages a novel scheme, SUPER-ARRAY, to precisely measure magnetic data and generate effective fingerprints for authenticating a device's identity before starting charging progress. Experimental results demonstrate that MagID achieves an accuracy rate of 98.14% across various charging devices. We have also tested its performance under different impact factors and verified its compatibility with various wireless charging pads. © 2004-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Charging stations

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Power System Reliability Evaluation Based on Sequential Monte Carlo Simulation Considering Multiple Failure Modes of Components

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2025年第1期13卷 202-214页

作者： Wei Huang Bo Hu Changzheng Shao Wei Li Xiaozhe Wang Kaigui Xie C.Y.Chung State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment Technology School of Electrical EngineeringChongqing UniversityChongqingChina China Southern Power Grid GuangzhouChina Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering McGill UniversityMontrealCanada Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina

The component aging has become a significant concern worldwide,and the frequent failures pose a serious threat to the reliability of modern power *** light of this issue,this paper presents a power system reliability evaluation method based on sequential Monte Carlo simulation(SMCS)to quantify system reliability considering multiple failure modes of ***,a three-state component reliability model is established to explicitly describe the state transition process of the component subject to both aging failure and random failure *** this model,the impact of each failure mode is decoupled and characterized as the combination of two state duration variables,which are separately modeled using specific probability ***,SMCS is used to integrate the three-state component reliability model for state transition sequence generation and system reliability ***,various reliability metrics,including the probability of load curtailment(PLC),expected frequency of load curtailment(EFLC),and expected energy not supplied(EENS),can be *** ensure the applicability of the proposed method,Hash table grouping and the maximum feasible load level judgment techniques are jointly adopted to enhance its computational *** studies are conducted on different aging scenarios to illustrate and validate the effectiveness and practicality of the proposed method.

关键词： Power system reliability evaluation aging failure sequential Monte Carlo simulation

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A survey on cross-user federated recommendation

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2025年第4期68卷 7-32页

作者： Enyue YANG Yudi XIONG Wei YUAN Weike PAN Qiang YANG Zhong MING College of Computer Science and Software Engineering Shenzhen University School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science The University of Queensland WeBank AI Lab WeBank Department of Computer Science and Engineering Hong Kong University of Science and Technology College of Big Data and Internet Shenzhen Technology University Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (SZ)

Recommender systems are effective in mitigating information overload, yet the centralized storage of user data raises significant privacy concerns. Cross-user federated recommendation(CUFR) provides a promising distributed paradigm to address these concerns by enabling privacy-preserving recommendations directly on user devices. In this survey, we review and categorize current progress in CUFR, focusing on four key aspects: privacy, security, accuracy, and efficiency. Firstly,we conduct an in-depth privacy analysis, discuss various cases of privacy leakage, and then review recent methods for privacy protection. Secondly, we analyze security concerns and review recent methods for untargeted and targeted *** untargeted attack methods, we categorize them into data poisoning attack methods and parameter poisoning attack methods. For targeted attack methods, we categorize them into user-based methods and item-based methods. Thirdly,we provide an overview of the federated variants of some representative methods, and then review the recent methods for improving accuracy from two categories: data heterogeneity and high-order information. Fourthly, we review recent methods for improving training efficiency from two categories: client sampling and model compression. Finally, we conclude this survey and explore some potential future research topics in CUFR.

关键词： cross-user federated recommendation federated recommendation federated learning recommender systems user privacy

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A New Approach to Determine Feasible Operating Region of Unbalanced Distribution Networks with Distributed Photovoltaics

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IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 2025年第3期40卷 1493-1504页

作者： Prasad, Manorath Rather, Zakir Hussain Razzaghi, Reza Doolla, Suryanarayana Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Department of Energy Science and Engineering Mumbai India Monash University Department of Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering Melbourne Australia

Amidst rising distributed generation and its potential role in grid management, this article presents a new realistic approach to determine the operational space and flexibility potential of an unbalanced active distribution network. The feasible operating region of an active distribution network is constituted by its range of active-reactive power exchanges with the bulk power system without breaching network constraints. This study explores the potential of highly penetrated single- and three-phase distributed photovoltaics and voltage-sensitive loads to determine the feasible operating region at different operating points. The cumulative response of Volt-Var controlled distributed photovoltaics and voltage-sensitive loads determines the power flow at the bulk power system-active distribution network interconnection, ensuring feasibility with respect to voltage magnitude and unbalance constraints. Further, the correspondence of feasible operating region with the tap-settings of substation transformer enables a novel feature to traverse throughout the available operating region and facilitate bulk power system-active distribution network power coordination. Additionally, a nodal sensitivity-based adjustable Volt-Var control scheme is proposed for distributed photovoltaics, improving the feasible operating region. The proposed strategy is validated on bulk power systemactive distribution network integrated test system. Bulk power system: IEEE-9 bus system-Active distribution network: (highly unbalanced IEEE-13 bus distribution system (medium voltage) + modified CIGRE low voltage system). © 1986-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Power distribution networks

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CLASSIFICATION OF ROYAL DELICIOUS APPLES USING HYBRID FEATURE SELECTION AND FEATURE WEIGHTING METHOD BASED ON SVM CLASSIFIER

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Scalable Computing 2025年第2期26卷 940-949页

作者： Kaur, Sandeep Sachan, Manoj Kumar Aggarwal, Ashwani Kumar Department of Computer Science and Engineering Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology Punjab Longowal148106 India Department of Electrical and Instrumentation Engineering Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology Punjab Longowal148106 India

Fruit safety is a critical component of the global economy, particularly within the agricultural sector. There has been a recent surge in the incidence of diseases affecting fruits, leading to economic setbacks in agriculture worldwide. Conventional manual assessment methods are laborious, prompting the exploration of automated computerized techniques for evaluating fruit quality. This research presents a novel method for assessing the quality of golden delicious apples. A dataset comprising 1256 apple images was gathered under controlled conditions. Afterward Feature extraction focuses on texture features like LBP, GLCM, GLDM, DTF, and Gabor features, color features, and shape and size features. A total of 18654 features are extracted and normalized using z-score. A hybrid method for feature selection and weighting involves the mRMR algorithm to eliminate redundant features and the Sine Cosine Optimization Algorithm for feature weighting, enhancing classification performance. The SVM machine learning technique, augmented with optimized features, yielded a 10.53% improvement in accuracy compared to SVM alone. Validation against state-of-the-art methods using Friedman’s mean rank test underscored the statistical significance of this approach across various metrics. © 2025 SCPE.

关键词： Fruits

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Multilevel chaotic encryption model with cyclic redundancy check for medical data

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Neural Computing and Applications 2025年第5期37卷 3581-3603页

作者： Sharma, Suvita Rani Singh, Birmohan Kaur, Manpreet Department of Computer Science and Engineering Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology Punjab Longowal148106 India Department of Electrical and Instrumentation Engineering Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology Punjab Longowal148106 India

In telemedicine applications, it is crucial to ensure the authentication, confidentiality, and privacy of medical data due to its sensitive nature and the importance of the patient information it contains. Communication through open networks is insecure and has many vulnerabilities, making it susceptible to unauthorized access and misuse. Encryption models are used to secure medical data from unauthorized access. In this work, we propose a bit-level encryption model having three phases: preprocessing, confusion, and diffusion. This model is designed for different types of medical data including patient information, clinical data, medical signals, and images of different modalities. Also, the proposed model is effectively implemented for grayscale and color images with varying aspect ratios. Preprocessing has been applied based on the type of medical data. A random permutation has been used to scramble the data values to remove the correlation, and multilevel chaotic maps are fused with the cyclic redundancy check method. A circular shift is used in the diffusion phase to increase randomness and security, providing protection against potential attacks. The CRC method is further used at the receiver side for error detection. The performance efficiency of the proposed encryption model is proved in terms of histogram analysis, information entropy, correlation analysis, signal-to-noise ratio, peak signal-to-noise ratio, number of pixels changing rate, and unified average changing intensity. The proposed bit-level encryption model therefore achieves information entropy values ranging from 7.9669 to 8.000, which is close to the desired value of 8. Correlation coefficient values of the encrypted data approach to zero or are negative, indicating minimal correlation in encrypted data. Resistance against differential attacks is demonstrated by NPCR and UACI values exceeding 0.9960 and 0.3340, respectively. The key space of the proposed model is 1096, which is substantially mor

关键词： Telemedicine

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Efficient Edge-AI with Binarized Neural Networks and CMOS Image Sensors: A Sparsity-Driven Approach

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Circuits, Systems, and Signal Processing 2025年 1-17页

作者： Kisku, Wilfred Kaur, Amandeep Mishra, Deepak Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur Rajasthan India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur Rajasthan India

With the increasing adoption of Edge AI devices, designing efficient machine learning systems requires optimizing both computational models and sensor architectures. While, Binarized Neural Networks (BNNs) offer a promising solution by significantly reducing memory and computational demands, this work introduces a co-design methodology that integrates sparsity with reduced ADC precision during acquisition at the sensor level to enhance efficiency. The approach involves edge extraction within images in the analog domain, followed by selective quantization level at the ADC, reducing redundant information before digital processing. The impact of varying sparsity levels, defined by [4, 3, 2, 1] conversion bits, is evaluated on BNN models, including AlexNet, VGG, ResNet, SqueezeNet, and MobileNet. Experimental results on CIFAR-10 and STL-10 datasets demonstrate that reducing ADC precision from 4-bit to 1-bit leads to an approximate 10% accuracy drop (from 65.27% to 54.85% in AlexNet on CIFAR-10), while achieving significant reductions in memory and power consumption. Specifically, the proposed approach reduces ADC power by approximately 94%, lowering energy requirements from 15.61 mW to 0.86 mW for a 32×32 pixel array. These results validate the effectiveness of sensor-driven sparsity in enabling energy-efficient AI inference, highlighting its potential for real-world edge computing applications. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Edge detection

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Deep learning and machine learning based highly accurate reflection prediction model for multi layers anti-reflection coatings

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Optical and Quantum Electronics 2025年第1期57卷 1-22页

作者： Oktay, Semih Duru, İremnur Bakır, Halit Tabaru, Timuçin Emre Department of Electrical-Electronics Engineering Sivas University of Science and Technology Sivas Turkey Computer Engineering Department Sivas University of Science and Technology Sivas Turkey

This study focuses on creating an accurate reflection prediction model that will guide the design of filters with multilayer Anti-Reflection Coating (ARC) to optimize the thickness parameters using Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) techniques. This model aims to shed light on the design process of a multilayer optical filter, making it more cost-effective by providing faster and more precise production. In creating this model, a dataset containing data obtained from 3000 (1500 Ge–Al2O3, 1500 Ge–SiO2) simulations previously performed on a computer based on the thicknesses of multilayer structural materials was used. The data are generated using Computational Electromagnetic simulation software based on the Finite-Difference Time-Domain method. To understand the mechanism of the proposed model, two different two-layer coating simulations were studied. While Ge was used as the substrate in both coatings, Al2O3 and SiO2 were used as the second layers. The data set consists of the 3–5 µm and 8–12 µm bands typical for the mid-wave infrared (MWIR) and long-wave infrared (LWIR) bands and includes reflectance values for wavelengths ranging between these spectra. In the specified 2-layer data set, the average reflectance was obtained with a minimum of 0.36 at 515 nm Ge and 910 nm SiO2 thicknesses. This value can be increased by adapting the proposed model to more than 2 layers. Six ML algorithms and a DL model, including artificial neural networks and convolutional neural networks, are evaluated to determine the most effective approach for predicting reflectance properties. Furthermore, in the proposed model, a hyperparameter tuning phase is used in the study to compare the efficiency of ML and DL methods to generate dual-band ARC and maximize the prediction accuracy of the DL algorithm. To our knowledge, this is the first time this has been implemented in this field. The results show that ML models, particularly decision tree (MSE: 0.00000069, RMSE: 0.00083), rand

关键词： Antireflection coatings

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